1、Designation: D3489 11Standard Test Methods forMicrocellular Urethane Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3489; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parent
2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover the preparation of a standard-size test sample and basic tests for physical property determi-nations of microcellular urethan
3、e materials.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to estab
4、lish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod PendulumImpact Resistance of PlasticsD39
5、5 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompression SetD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an AirOvenD575 Test Methods for Rubber Properties in CompressionD624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional Vul-canized Rubb
6、er and Thermoplastic ElastomersD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD1052 Test Method for Measuring Rubber DeteriorationCut
7、 Growth Using Ross Flexing ApparatusD1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid CellularPlasticsD1630 Test Method for Rubber PropertyAbrasion Resis-tance (Footwear Abrader)D2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessD2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured ReinforcedResinsD2632 Tes
8、t Method for Rubber PropertyResilience byVertical ReboundD3040 Practice for Preparing Precision Statements forStandards Related to Rubber and Rubber Testing; Re-placed by D 44833D3137 Test Method for Rubber PropertyHydrolytic Sta-bilityD3389 Test Method for Coated FabricsAbrasion Resistance(Rotary P
9、latform Abrader)D3574 Test Methods for Flexible Cellular MaterialsSlab,Bonded, and Molded Urethane FoamsD3768 Test Method for Microcellular UrethanesFlexuralRecoveryD3769 Test Method for Microcellular UrethanesHigh-Temperature SagG195 Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a RotaryPlatform, Double-He
10、ad Abraser3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 microcellular urethanean elastomeric materialmade by the interaction of a polyol and an organic isocyanate,having cell diameters in the range from 0.0001 to 0.001 mm,with a minimum density of 160 kg/m3(10 lb/ft3).NOTE 2
11、In the following sections, the term “retaining the moldedsurfaces” refers to the two major surfaces (faces) of the sample and/orspecimens prepared from it and was not meant to include the minorsurfaces (ends or sides).4. Significance and Use4.1 Tests made on materials herein prescribed can be ofcons
12、iderable value in comparing physical properties of differ-ent materials, in controlling manufacturing processes, and as abasis for writing specifications.4.2 Before proceeding with these test methods, referenceshould be made to the specification of the material being tested.1These test methods are u
13、nder the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on CellularMaterials - Plastics and Elastomers.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originallyapproved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D3489 -
14、 06. DOI:10.1520/D3489-06.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved versi
15、on of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, or dimensions,
16、 orcombination thereof, and testing parameters covered in thematerials specification shall take precedence over those men-tioned in these test methods. If there are no material specifi-cations, then the default conditions apply.5. Sampling5.1 Test samples can be made in any suitable mold. Thefollowi
17、ng three sizes are recommended (length, width, andthickness): 305 by 152 by 3.15 mm (12 by 6 by18 in.), 305 by152 by 6.3 mm (12 by 6 by14 in.), and 305 by 152 by 12.5 mm(12 by 6 by12 in.).5.2 The procedure used to prepare the test sample relating tocomponent ratios, temperature, mixing direction, mo
18、ld tem-perature, and curing conditions shall conform to the manufac-turers recommendations.5.3 The test sample shall be allowed to age a minimum of40 h before testing, at 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 10 %relative humidity.6. Density6.1 Determine the density in accordance with either TestMethod D79
19、2 or Test Method D1622. Prepare test specimensretaining the molded surfaces. If using Test Method D1622,report any deviations from the specified minimum specimensize.7. Tensile Properties7.1 Determine the tensile properties in accordance with TestMethod D412. Cut tension specimens using the Die A or
20、 anyother suitable die in accordance with Test Method D412 fromthe 3.15-mm (18-in.) or 6.3-mm (14-in.) test sample. Retain themolded surfaces.7.2 PrecisionThese precision statements were prepared inaccordance with the statistical and other testing terminologyand concepts presented in Practice D3040.
21、7.2.1 The precision of this test method was determined froman interlaboratory study of one microcellular urethane material.One laboratory made the microcellular urethane material. Onelaboratory made the microcellular urethane material plaques,and three laboratories tested the material on two days.7.
22、2.2 Table 1 gives the LQC precision data as obtained inthe interlaboratory program. The values given are equivalentto“ repeatability” for within laboratories testing and “reproduc-ibility” for among laboratories testing.7.2.3 A “test result” is the average result from the testing ofthree dumbbell sp
23、ecimens.8. Tear8.1 Using Die C, determine the tear strength in accordancewith Test Method D624. Cut the specimen from the 3.15-mm(18-in.) sample, retaining the molded surface.8.2 Determine the split tear (Type T or trouser tear) strengthin accordance with Test Method D624. Cut the Type Tspecimen fro
24、m the 3.15-mm (18-in.) sample. The direction oftear shall include both molded surfaces.8.3 Determine the block tear in accordance with TestMethods D3574, except the specimen shall be 19.0 mm (0.75in.) wide by 12.5 mm (0.5 in.) thick. The tear direction shall bethrough the core retaining both molded
25、surfaces.9. Hardness9.1 Determine the hardness in accordance with Test MethodD2240 on the 6.3-mm (14-in.) thick sample. The Type A, orType D durometer, or both, shall be used. Report the 5-s driftvalue and the type durometer used. If the determination is to bemade at subnormal temperatures, conditio
26、n the instrument atthe same temperature. To prevent moisture from damaging theinstrument, it is advisable to place the tester directly in adesiccator after removing from the cold box.10. Compression Set10.1 Determine the compression set in accordance with TestMethods D395, Method B, using 22 h at 70
27、C (158F). Cut thespecimen from the 12.5-mm (0.5-in.) sample, retaining themolded surfaces.11. Compression Deflection11.1 Determine the compression deflection at 25 % deflec-tion in accordance with Test Method D575, Test MethodA. Cutthe specimen from the 12.5-mm (0.5-in.) sample, retaining themolded
28、surfaces. The sample is not preflexed. The initialcompression value is reported.12. Resilience12.1 Determine the resilience by vertical rebound test inaccordance with Test Method D2632. Cut the specimen fromthe 12.5-mm (0.5-in.) sample, retaining the molded surfaces.13. Abrasion Resistance13.1 Deter
29、mine the surface abrasion resistance by employ-ing a Taber Abraser using the weight (mass) loss proceduredescribed in Test Method D3389 with the following param-eters: H-18 wheels, vacuum suction force set at maximum,vacuum pickup nozzle gap of 7 6 1 mm and abrading wheelloading of 1000 g per wheel.
30、 Conduct test on a 100 mm by 100mm (4 in. by 4 in.) specimen with a 6.3 mm (14 in.) center holeeither from the 6.3 mm (14 in.) or 12.5 mm (12 in.) sample. Ifthe vacuum lifts the 6.3 mm thick specimen during the test,retest using a clamping ring with a 105 mm (418 in.) diametercircular specimen. Repo
31、rt the mass loss in mg/1000 cycles.NOTE 3Guide G195 is available as a reference for conducting weartests using a rotary platform, double-head abraser.TABLE 1 LQC Test Precision of Tensile Property TestProperty MeanWithin Laboratories Among LaboratoriesS LSD S LSD100 % tensile stress, MPa (psi) 2.2 (
32、324) 0.08 (12) 0.24 (34) 0.13 (19) 0.38 (54)Tensile strength, MPa (psi) 4.3 (624) 0.18 (26) 0.51 (74) 0.24 (35) 0.69 (99)Elongation, 90 % 297 9 25 11 31D3489 11214. Surface and Core Abrasion14.1 Determine the surface and core abrasion, using thegeneral procedure in Test Method D1630. Cut or mold the
33、specimens from the 12.7-mm (0.5-in.) slab to conform to thedimension in Test Method D1630. Mount the specimens in thespecimen holders and place on the surface of the sandpaper. Setthe dial gages at zero and at the end of every 1.25 mm (0.05 in.)of wear, record the number of cycles until a total wear
34、 of 3.8mm (0.15 in.) has occurred. Report the number of cycles towear 1.25 mm as the surface abrasion (SA 50) and the numberof cycles to abrade the next 2.54 mm (0.10 in.) as the coreabrasion (CA 100).15. Heat Aging15.1 Determine the accelerated heat aging in accordancewith Test Method D573 for 2 da
35、ys at 100C.16. Hydrolytic Resistance16.1 Determine the hydrolytic resistance in accordance withTest Method D3137. Report the percent change in tensilestrength in accordance with 7.1.16.2 Determine the hydrolytic resistance in a steam auto-clave, at Procedure J1for3hat1056 3C, or Procedure J2for5hat1
36、256 5C in accordance with Test Methods D3574.Report the percent change in tensile strength in accordancewith 7.1.17. Cut Growth Resistance17.1 Determine the cut growth resistance on the RossFlexing Machine in accordance with Test Method D1052. Cutthe specimens from the 6.3-mm (14-in.) or 12.5-mm (12
37、-in.)thick sample. If subnormal temperature testing is to be done,condition the specimen for a minimum of 30 min after reachingthe specified temperatures before starting the test.18. Impact Strength18.1 Determine the brittle impact properties in accordancewith Test Method D256 on the 12.5-mm (12-in.
38、) specimen withthe mold surface in accordance with Test Method A or Eat 30C (22F). If no test temperature has been specified, thefollowing temperatures are recommended: 10, 25, and40C ( +14, 13, and 40F).19. Flexural Modulus19.1 Determine flexural modulus, using the general proce-dure in Test Method
39、s D790, Procedure A.19.2 The following test parameters are recommended formicrocellular urethanes:19.2.1 Specimen SizeLength 75 6 0.5 mm (3.0 6 0.02in.), width 25 6 0.5 mm (1.0 6 0.02 in.), and thickness 3.2 60.2 mm (0.125 6 0.01 in.).19.2.2 Span50 mm (2.0 in.).19.2.3 Rate of Crosshead Motion0.20 6
40、0.02 mm/s (0.5in./min).19.2.4 CalculationCalculate the tangent modulus of elas-ticity. See the Calculations section of Test Methods D790.When calculating slope, use the steepest tangent as shown inFig. 1NOTE 4The crosshead rate of 0.2 mm/s (0.5 in./min) differs from therate of 0.02 mm/s (0.05 in./mi
41、n) specified in Test Methods D790. Test datahave shown that the faster rate provides a lower coefficient of variationthan does the slower rate.19.2.5 Condition a specimen at the test temperature for aminimum of 30 min.19.3 Precision:19.3.1 This precision statement has been prepared in accor-dance wi
42、th Practice D3040. Please refer to Practice D3040 forterminology and other testing and statistical concept explana-tion.19.3.2 These precision data are based on limited data. Thenumber of participating laboratories and property levels testedare included in the precision statement summary.19.3.3 For
43、the LQC (Laboratory Quality Control) test pre-cision expressed in relative terms, see Table 2.20. Ash20.1 Determine the ignition loss of microcellular urethanein accordance with Test Method D2584.21. Flexural Recovery21.1 Determine the flexural recovery of microcellular ure-thane in accordance with
44、Test Method D3768.22. High-Temperature Sag22.1 Determine the heat sag of microcellular urethane inaccordance with Test Method D3769.22.2 The length of the specimen, temperature, and time varyin some specifications, which should be consulted and refer-enced when reporting results.FIG. 1 Determination
45、 of Tangent Modulus of ElasticityTABLE 2 Precision of Flexural Modulus TestTest Method Property Range TestedNo. ofPropertyLevelsTestedRepeatability ReproducibilityParticipatingLaboratoriesCV (%) (LSD)A(%) CV (%) (LSD)A(%)Flexural modulus 140 to 700 MPa 4 2.9 8.2 6.2 12.7 6(2.0 to 10.0 3 104psi)ALeas
46、t significant difference between the means of three individual test results based on a 95 % confidence limit.D3489 11323. Report23.1 Report the following information:23.1.1 Complete identification of the material,23.1.2 Test methods used and thickness of specimen, and23.1.3 Any modification of test
47、method or procedure.24. Precision and Bias24.1 Precision statements can be found within the individualtest methods called out in these test methods.25. Keywords25.1 microcellular; test method; urethaneSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard si
48、nce the last issue (D3489 - 06)that may impact the use of this standard. (December 1, 2011)(1) Updated Reference Documents section.(2) Changed the sample conditioning time and humidity rangetolerance to correspond to ASTM D 618.(3) Changed referenced test method for trouser tear.(4) Specified the ty
49、pe of durometer to use for hardness testing.(5) Updated test procedure reference for compression deflec-tion.(6) Changed referenced test method for abrasion resistanceand included reference note to Standard Guide G195.(7) Updated procedure names from Test Method D3137.(8) Updated test method names from Test Method D256.(9) Updated test procedure name from Test Method D790 andmoved Note information to body.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentio
