1、Designation: D 3498 03Standard Specification forAdhesives for Field-Gluing Plywood to Lumber Framing forFloor Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3498; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers minimum performance stan-dards and test requirements for gap-filling construction ad
3、he-sives for bonding plywood to lumber framing, particularlyfloor joists, at the construction site.1.2 This specification provides a basis for ensuring thequality of the adhesives and is not intended as an applicationspecification.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the st
4、andard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 11, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibi
5、lity of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 572 Test Method for RubberDeterioration by Heat andOxygen2D 905 Test Method for Strength Properties
6、 of AdhesiveBonds in Shear by Compression Loading3D 907 Terminology of Adhesives3D 2016 Test Methods for Moisture Content of Wood4D 4300 Test Methods for Ability of Adhesive Films toSupport or Resist the Growth of Fungi5D 4783 Test Methods for Resistance of Adhesive Prepara-tions in Container to Att
7、ack by Bacteria, Yeast, and Fungi5E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines6E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods73. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms in this specification are de-fined in Terminology D 907.3.1.1 gap-filling adhesive, nan adhesi
8、ve capable of form-ing and maintaining a bond between surfaces that are notclose-fitting.3.1.1.1 DiscussionClose-fitting is relative to a given ma-terial and industry; for example, standards in constructiondiffer from standards in electronics. Some adhesives will bondby bridging without completely f
9、illing the gap; others by fillingthe gap completely.3.1.2 open assembly time, nthe time interval betweenapplying adhesive on the subtrates and closing them togetherbefore bonding.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specification establishes test methods and perfor-mance requirements for adhesives bondin
10、g plywood to woodframing members.4.2 This specification provides a basis for ensuring thequality of the adhesives.4.3 The tests provide shear strength performance data whenthe substrates are conditioned to simulate various conditionsthat may occur during sub-floor adhesive application andcuring.4.4
11、The tests are suitable for product performance certifica-tion and quality control programs, and can be useful to thegeneral public, adhesive manufacturers, distributors, specifiers,architects, contractors, testing laboratories and other businessesand professionals.4.5 The results do not include all
12、possible conditions, whichmay occur during final assembly, but indicate a set of perfor-mance characteristics for laboratory controlled bonding vari-ables.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.70 on Constr
13、uctionAdhesives.Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originallyapproved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 3498 01.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.4Discontinued; see 1989 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol
14、 04.09.5Discontinued; see 1983 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.017Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Ordering Information5.1 The
15、 adhesive may be furnished by the manufacturer inany suitable form agreeable to the purchaser.6. Materials6.1 The adhesive shall be a gap-filling construction adhesivethat sets at temperatures as low as 40F (4.4C).6.2 The adhesive shall not support mold or bacterial growth.If amylaceous or protein f
16、illers and extenders are used in theadhesive formulation, the adhesive must not only pass theperformance requirements of this specification, but in addition,possess sufficient anti-fungal properties to inhibit the growth ofselected fungal species when tested in accordance with TestMethods D 4300 and
17、 selected bacterial species in accordancewith Test Methods D 4783. The adhesive manufacturer shallnotify in writing the agency responsible for testing, certifying,and compliance labeling of the adhesive whether any suchmaterials are present in the adhesive.6.3 The adhesive, when completely set, shal
18、l form a resil-ient bond that shall be durable when protected from directexposure to the weather, as defined by the requirements of thisspecification.6.4 The adhesive shall be a uniform mixture suitable forextrusion by a caulking gun or other pressurized applicationequipment.6.5 The adhesive shall p
19、ermit an open assembly time of notless than 10 min when applied to the lumber framing inaccordance with the manufacturers instructions. It shall befunctional, as defined in this specification, when applied tosurfaces having a temperature range from 0 to 100F (17.8 to37.8C).NOTE 1Open assembly times
20、that are less than 10 min as agreed uponbetween the manufacturer and user, are acceptable provided the adhesivemeets the requirements of Table 1.6.6 The adhesive shall be functional when applied to lumberframing free of standing water, ice, or snow.7. Requirements7.1 The adhesive shall conform to th
21、e strength and durabil-ity properties shown in Table 1.8. Sampling8.1 A representative sample totaling not less than 1 qt (946cm3) of the adhesive shall be taken from each lot to be tested.8.2 For the purpose of sampling, a lot shall consist ofmaterial from the same batch or blending operation subje
22、ct tothe same processing operations and conditions.9. Number of Tests9.1 The number of test specimens shall be as specified ineach test method designated in Section 11 and Table 1. Theaverage result for the specimens tested shall conform to therequirements prescribed in this specification.10. Specim
23、en Preparation10.1 MaterialsUse the following materials for the testsoutlined:10.1.1 Plywood58 -in. or (1932 -in. (15.1-m) thick, U.S.Product Standard PS-195 grade marked stamped, commercialplywood, Group 1 Species, exterior glue, or sanded exterior-grade plywood, underlayment type with A grade face
24、 ply forthe adhesion surface. The plywood must be flat within116 in.(2 mm); that is, the maximum permissible bow for a 16-in.(406-mm) length of plywood shall be116 in. (2 mm). Make themeasurement across the top surface of the plywood. Usebowed plywood only if it meets the limitation above and if the
25、convexity occurs on the bottom surface that will contact thelumber. The plywood must be free of patches, core voids, andknot holes in the glueline area.10.1.2 Lumber2-in. (51-mm) (nominal) Douglas-fir andsouthern pine; (Note 2) clear dry lumber (moisture content of8 to 15 %) (Note 3). The surface sh
26、all be free of bark, knots,splits, and pitch.NOTE 2Only the sapwood of loblolly, slash, longleaf, and shortleafpine may be used.NOTE 3Test Methods D 2016 can be used to determine moisturecontent.10.1.3 Adhesiveapplied with a caulking gun.10.2 Number of Test AssembliesPrepare three wood-adhesive comp
27、osite test assemblies as shown in Fig. 1 for eachcondition specified.TABLE 1 Adhesive Strength and Durability RequirementsTest PropertyNumber ofSpecimensRequirement Section ReferenceTest A (wet lumber)Douglas-fir shear strength 24 150 psi (1.035 MPa), min avg 11.2Southern pine shear strength 24 150
28、psi (1.035 MPa), min avg 11.2Test B (frozen lumber)Douglas-fir shear strength 24 100 psi (0.689 MPa), min avg 11.2Southern pine shear strength 24 100 psi (0.689 MPa), min avg 11.2Test C (dry lumber)Douglas-fir shear strength 24 150 psi (1.035 MPa), min avg 11.2GAP-fillingDouglas-fir shear strength 2
29、4 100 psi (0.689 MPa), min avg 11.3Durability (moisture resistance)Douglas-fir delamination 24 a minimum of 22 of 24 specimens shall show nodelamination.11.4shear strength 24 150 psi (1.035 MPa), min avg 11.4Durability (oxidation resistance) flexibility 3 no fracture of free film on mandrel bend or
30、visiblesigns of melting after exposure11.5D349803210.3 Conditioning of Materials:10.3.1 Cut lumber and plywood to the required size asshown in Fig. 1. If the lumber must be reduced in height, retainat least one mill-finished surface as the surface to be bonded. Ifthe lumber must be reduced in width
31、to achieve a maximum112 -in. (38-mm) dimension, plane both sides in equal amounts.10.3.2 Predrill the plywood and lumber with a No. 37(diameter 0.104 in. (2.64 mm) to receive nails as shown in Fig.1. Predrill the lumber to a depth of 1 in. (25 mm).10.3.3 Condition the adhesive at 70 6 5F (21.1 6 2.8
32、C)for a period of 48 h prior to use.10.3.4 Condition the lumber and plywood in accordancewith the schedules shown in Table 2, and the followingprocedures:10.3.4.1 Run Test A (wet lumber) and Test B (frozenlumber) with both Douglas-fir and southern pine lumber.10.3.4.2 Before fabricating samples with
33、 wet lumber sur-faces (Test A), seal both ends of the lumber sections withparaffin. Completely submerge the lumber in water at 70 6 5F(21.1 6 2.8C) for 48 h for Douglas-fir, and for2hforsouthern pine. After submersion, wipe off visible surface waterand expose the lumber for 48 h at 100 6 5F (37.8 6
34、2.8C),and 90 6 5 % relative humidity. At the completion of thehumidity cycle, submerge the lumber in water at 70 6 5F(21.1 + 2.8C) for 15 min. Wipe off visible surface water witha clean, dry cloth and immediately begin the fabricationprocedure as outlined in 10.4.1.10.3.4.3 Seal lumber for test asse
35、mblies with frozen lumbersurfaces (Test B) at both ends with paraffin and submerge inwater as described in Table 2. After submersion, wipe offvisible surface water with a clean, dry cloth and store imme-diately at 0 6 5F (17.8 6 2.8C) for 48 h.NOTE 4For safety, conditioning chambers should have no i
36、gnitionsources within the vapor space.10.4 Preparation of Shear Strength Specimens:10.4.1 Apply an adhesive bead along the center line of amill-finished surface of the lumber, such that the bead extendsfrom one predrilled hole to the other, but not beyond. Applysufficient adhesive to give 100 % cove
37、rage of the lumbersurface, as evidenced by a “squeeze-out.” If it is necessary toapply the adhesive outside of the lumber conditioning chamber,remove only one piece of lumber at a time, apply the adhesiveTable of Dimensionsin. mmDimension Tolerance Dimension ToleranceA 153418 400 3B 512 . 140 .C 16
38、. 406 .D 1518 381 3E 1318 330 3F 118 25 3G 112 min116 38 min 2H 138116 33 2I 112 max116 38 max 2FIG. 1 Test AssemblyTABLE 2 Conditioning of Materials before Fabrication of Test AssembliesTestLumberPlywoodDouglas-fir Southern PineTest A (wet lumber) 48 h soak in water at 70 6 5F(21.1 6 2.8C),then2 h
39、soak in water at 70 6 5F (21.16 2.8C),then48hat1006 5F (37.8 6 2.8C)and 90 6 5%RH48hat1006 5F (37.8 6 2.8C)and 90 6 5 % RH,then48hat1006 5F (37.8 6 2.8C)and 90 6 5 % RH,then15-min soak in water at 70 6 5F(21.1 6 8C)15 min soak in water at 70 6 5F(21.1 6 2.8C)Test B (frozen lumber) 48 h soak in water
40、 at 70 6 5F(21.1 6 2.8C),then2 h soak in water at 70 6 5F (21.16 2.8C),then48hat06 5F (17.8 6 2.8C),with RH uncontrolled48hat06 5F (17.8 6 2.8C),with RH uncontrolled48hat06 5F (17.8 6 2.8C),with RH uncontrolledTest C (dry lumber) 48 h at 100 6 5F (37.8 6 2.8C)and RH max of 40 %. same as lumberGap-fi
41、lling 48 h at 70 6 5F (21.1 6 2.8C)and 50 6 10 % RH. same as lumberDurability (moisture resistance) 48 h at 70 6 5F (21.1 6 2.8C)and 50 6 10 % RH. same as lumberD3498033bead, then condition the lumber with adhesive applied for aminimum of 10 min and a maximum of 12 min in accordancewith Table 3.10.4
42、.2 Before placing the plywood on the adhesive-coveredsurface, insert spacers,14 in. wide by 0.006 in. thick by 4 in.long (6 by 0.15 by 102 mm), at the midpoint of the lumber andat the outboard side of each nail, as shown in Fig. 2. Before thespacer is inserted at the midpoint, scrape away a 1-in. (2
43、5-mm)segment of the adhesive bead at the midpoint. Do not permitadhesive between the spacer and substrate.NOTE 5Aluminum embossing tape is suggested for use as spacers.10.4.3 Position the plywood on the adhesive-covered sur-face with the aid of a positioning jig as shown in Fig. 3. Nailin place with
44、 6-penny (2 in. (51 mm) in length) scaffold nails.Make the top of the lower head of a scaffold nail flush with thesurface of the plywood.10.4.4 Apply a uniform pressure of 4 6 0.25 psi (28 6 2kPa) across the entire bonded area of the assembly for a periodof 1 min at 70 6 5F (21.1 6 2.8C). Apply this
45、 pressure byany appropriate means, including a press with a suitable insertbetween the nails or a combination of uniformly distributedweights between the nails.10.4.5 Set the adhesive in the assemblies in accordance withthe schedules shown in Table 4.10.4.6 After the specified setting time, remove t
46、he nails, butleave the spacers in place. Using a sharp saw, cut off theplywood flush with the side surfaces of the lumber, at the sametime removing any excess adhesive. Cut eight block-shearspecimens from each assembly as shown in Figs. 4 and 5.10.5 Preparation of Specimens for Test of Gap-Filling E
47、ffecton StrengthPrepare assemblies as described in 10.4.1-10.4.4,except for thickness of spacers. Before placing the plywood onthe adhesive-covered lumber surface, insert spacers,14 in. wideby 0.062 in. thick by 4 in. long (6 by 1.57 by 102 mm), asshown in Fig. 2. Avoid disturbing the location of th
48、e spacers.Do not permit adhesive between the spacer and substrate.NOTE 6TFE-fluorocarbon sheet is suggested for use as spacers.10.5.1 After the specified setting time (Table 4), remove thenails and spacers before cutting eight block-shear specimensfrom each assembly, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5.10.6 P
49、reparation of Specimens for Test of Durability (Mois-ture Resistance)Prepare assemblies as described in 10.4.1-10.4.4. After the specified setting time (Table 4), remove thenails, but leave the spacers in place. Cut eight specimens fromeach assembly as shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 6.10.7 Preparation of Specimens for Test of Durability (Oxi-dation Resistance).10.7.1 Prepare specimens by casting wet films of adhesivelengthwise on silicone release paper or polyethylene sheet, asshown in Fig. 7. Control
