1、Designation:D350596 (Reapproved 2006) Designation: D3505 12Standard Test Method forDensity or Relative Density of Pure Liquid Chemicals1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3505; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test me
3、thod describes a simplified procedure for the measurement of density or relative density of pure liquid chemicalsfor which accurate temperature expansion functions are known. It is restricted to liquids having vapor pressures not exceeding 79993 Pascal (0.800 bar, 600 mm Hg (0.789 atm) at the equili
4、bration temperature, and having viscosities not exceeding 15 cSt at20C (60F). 20C.1.2 Means are provided for reporting results in the following units:Density g/cm3at 20CDensity g/mlg/mL at 20CRelative density 20C/4CRelative density 60F/60F (15.56C/15.56C)Commercial density, lb (in air)/U.S. gal at 6
5、0FCommercial density, lb (in air)/U.K. gal at 60F.Relative density 15.56C/15.56CNOTE 1This test method is based on the old definition of 1 L= 1.000028 dm3(1 mL= 1.000028 cm3). In 1964 the General Conference on Weightsand Measures withdrew this definition of the litre and declared that the word “litr
6、e” was a special name for the cubic decimetre, thus making 1 mL =1cm3exactly.NOTE 2An alternative method for determining relative density of pure liquid chemicals is Test Method D4052.1.3 The following applies to all specified limits in this test method: for purposes of determining conformance with
7、this testmethod, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used inexpressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.41.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
8、No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicabi
9、lity of regulatorylimitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 7.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1555 Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and CyclohexaneD3437 Practice for Samplin
10、g and Handling Liquid Cyclic ProductsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD6809 Guide for Quality Control and Quality Assurance Procedures for Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related MaterialsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermomet
11、ersE12 Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravity of Solids, Liquids, and GasesE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Other Document:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on Aromatic Hydrocarbons an
12、d Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD16.04 on Instrumental Analysis.Current edition approved Jan.March 1, 2006.2012. Published January 2006.May 2012. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20002006 asD3505 96 (20006). DOI: 10.1520/D3505-96R06.1
13、0.1520/D3505-12.2For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is
14、intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the c
15、urrent versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.OSHA Regulations, 29 CFR pa
16、ragraphs 1910.1000 and 1910.120033. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 density, nthe mass of material per unit volume at a given temperature called the “reference temperature.” Weightcorrected to a standard acceleration of gravity and corrected for the buoyant effect of air is used to measure mass. Th
17、is methodspecifies the use of a beam balance to determine weight so that no correction for variation in acceleration of gravity is necessary.When a torsion or spring balance is used, such correction must be applied.3.1.2 relative density, nthe ratio of the density of the material at reference temper
18、ature “t” to the density of pure water, inconsistent units, at reference temperature t2. It is common practice to use reference temperature t1equal to t2.3.1.2.1 Since the mass of water at 4C is very close to 1 g/mLor 1 g/cm3, it is common practice to set the reference temperaturet2for water at 4C.
19、When this is done and the density of the material is given in grams per millilitre, or grams per cubic centimetre,the value of density is very nearly identical to the value for relative density. Thus, density at 20C in g/cm3or g/mL, is nearlyidentical with relative density 20C/4C.3.1.3commercial den
20、sity, nweight per unit volume without correcting for the buoyant effect of air and is limited in thisdocument to pounds (in air) per U.S. gallon at 60F, or pounds in air per U.K. gallon at 60F. This is the density most commonlyused in commercial transactions in the petroleum and coal chemicals indus
21、try in the United States and Canada.3.2 The definitions included in Terminology E12 are applicable to this test method.4. Summary of Test MethodNOTE 3See Appendix X1 for details on the method and derivation of formulas.4.1 For materials listed in Table 1 the sample is drawn into a weighed and calibr
22、ated bicapillary pycnometer. The fillerpycnometer is allowed to come to equilibrium at any convenient temperature between 10 and 30C (50 and 86F).30C. Theequilibrium temperature is measured to the nearest 0.02C. The weight is determined using a beam balance. The density, relativedensity, or commerci
23、al density at the desired reference temperature is then calculated from the sample weight, a calibration factorproportional to an equal volume of water, and a multiplier which corrects for the buoyancy of air and the change in volume of thepycnometer and the sample due to deviation from the chosen r
24、eference temperature.4.2 For liquids not listed in Table 1, the sample is equilibrated at the desired reference temperature, usually 20C or 60F(15.56C), 15.56C, the density, relative density, or commercial density is then calculated from the sample weight, a calibrationfactor proportional to an equa
25、l volume of water and a term which corrects for the buoyancy of air. In the case of volatile liquidssuch as pentane, the time between reading of volume at the equilibrium temperature and weighing must not be prolonged,otherwise weight loss through evaporation may result in errors.43Available from U.
26、S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.acces
27、s.gpo.gov.4For a more complete discussion on the use of this design pycnometer, see Lipken, Davidson, Harvey and Kurtz, Industrial Engineering Chemistry, Analytical Edition;Vol 16, 1944, p. 55.D3505 122TABLE I, PART I 20C Reference Temperature Multiplier, F20, for use in Computing Density, 12.1D3505
28、 123TABLE I, PART I ContinuedD3505 124TABLE I, PART II 60F Reference Temperature Multiplier, F60, for use in Computing Density, 12.1TABLE I, PART II 60F Reference Temperature Multiplier, F15.56, for use in Computing Density, 12.1D3505 125TABLE I, PART II Continued5. Significance and Use5.1 This test
29、 method is suitable for setting specification, for use as an internal quality control tool, and for use in developmentor research work on industrial aromatic hydrocarbons and related materials. In addition to the pure liquid chemicals for whichexpansion functions are known, it may also be used for l
30、iquids for which temperature expansion data are not available, or forD3505 126impure liquid chemicals if certain limitations are observed. Information derived from this test can be used to describe therelationship between weight and volume.6. Apparatus6.1 Pycnometer, 9 to 10-mL capacity, conforming
31、to the dimensions given in Fig. 1, constructed of borosilicate glass, andhaving a total weight not exceeding 30 g.6.2 Bath, having a depth of at least 300 mm, capable of being maintained constant to 60.02C at any convenient temperaturebetween 10C (50F) and 30C (86F).30C. Provide a support for the py
32、cnometer (see Fig. 2) constructed of any suitablenoncorrosive metal.NOTE 4If the laboratory air temperature does not vary more than 0.02C during temperature equilibration a special bath is not needed.6.3 Bath Thermometer, Anan ASTM Precision Thermometer, having a range from 8 to +32C and conforming
33、to therequirements for Thermometer 63C as prescribed in Specification E1.7. Hazards7.1 Consult current OSHA regulations, suppliers Material Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations, for all materials used inthis test method.8. Sampling8.1 Sample the material in accordance with Practice D3437.9. Pre
34、paration of Apparatus9.1 Acid Cleaning, for use when the pycnometer is to be calibrated or when liquid fails to drain cleanly from the walls of thepycnometer or its capillary. Thoroughly clean with hot chromic acid solution and rinse well with reagent water conforming to TypeIII of Specification D11
35、93. Other suitable cleaning procedures may be used. Dry at 105 to 110C for at least 1 h, preferably witha slow current of filtered air passing through the pycnometer.9.2 Solvent Cleaning, for use between determinations. Rinse with toluene and then with anhydrous acetone, drying with afiltered stream
36、 of dry air.10. Calibration of Apparatus10.1 Using the procedure described in Section 11, determine the weight of freshly boiled reagent water conforming to Type IIIof Specification D1193 held by the pycnometer with the water level at each of three different scale points on the graduated arms.Two of
37、 these water levels must be at opposite ends of the scale. Make all weighings on the same day, using the same balance andweights.NOTE 1The graduation lines shall extend around the entire circum-ference of the pycnometer at the integral numbers 0, 1, 2 cm, etc., half wayaround at the half divisions 0
38、.5, 1.5, etc., and shorter lines for theintermediate subdivisions.FIG. 1 PycnometerD3505 12710.2 Calculate the volume, VTp, at each scale point tested by means of the following equation; carry all calculations in 6non-zero digits and round to 4 decimal places: Pycnometercapacity,VPycnometer capacity
39、, VTp, mL 5 A 3 Ww/dtw! 1 BT 2 t! (1)TABLE 2 Density of WaterA, g/mlt, C 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.56 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.915 0.999 13 11 10 08 07 05 04 04 02 00 *9916 0.998 97 96 94 92 91 89 87 86 84 8217 80 79 77 75 73 72 70 68 66 6418 62 61 59 57 55 53 51 49 47 4519 43 42 40 38 36 34 32 30 27 2520 23 2
40、1 19 17 15 13 11 09 07 0421 02 00 *98 *96 *93 *91 *89 *87 *85 *8222 0.997 80 78 75 73 71 69 66 64 62 5923 57 54 52 50 47 45 42 40 38 3524 33 30 28 25 23 20 18 15 13 1025 08 05 02 00 *97 *95 *92 *89 *87 *842627280.996 81542679522476492173461871431568411265380963350660320357290029300.995 9868956592628
41、959865683538050774674437240AAbstracted from Tilton and Taylor, U.S. National Bureau of Standards Research Paper 971, NBS Journal of Research Vol 18, 1917, p. 213. This paper is a statisticalanalysis of the data of Chappuis, Travaux Et Memoires du Bureau International de Poid et Mesures, Vol 13, 1907
42、, p. D39.NOTE 1All dimensions are in Meters.FIG. 2 Pycnometer HolderD3505 128Pycnometer capacity, VTp, mL 5 A 3 Ww/dtw! 1 BT 2 t! (1)D3505-12_1where:A = air buoyancy coefficient, a constant for the temperature range involved = 1.001064VTp= volume of pycnometer at reference temperature, TWw= weight o
43、f water in air, contained in the pycnometer, gdtw= density of water at t (see Table 2)t = test temperature, CT = reference temperature, 20C or 15.56C, andB = volumetric coefficient of expansion of 9.5 mL of a borosilicate glass pycnometer, 9.26276 3 105mL/C.10.3 Prepare a calibration curve by plotti
44、ng apparent volume, VA, that is, the sum of the scale readings on the two arms of thepycnometer against the corresponding calculated volume, VTp. If a straight line cannot be drawn through the three points, discardthe data and determine three additional points so that a straight calibration line can
45、 be drawn such that no data point lies more than0.0002-mL units from the line. If neither set of data meets the condition, the diameters of the graduated capillary arms are notsufficiently uniform, and the pycnometer should be discarded.10.4 From the curve obtained, prepare a table of apparent volum
46、e, VA, (sum of scale readings of both arms), as apparent volumeagainst corresponding calculated volumes, VTp, in increments of 0.0001 mL. Label this table with the reference temperature towhich it applies.11. Procedure11.1 Weigh the clean, dry pycnometer to 0.1 mg and record the weight.11.2 With the
47、 sample at approximately the test temperature, fill the pycnometer by holding it in an upright position and placingthe hooked tip in the sample; the liquid will then be drawn over the bend in the capillary by surface tension.Allow the pycnometerto fill by siphoning (about 1 min) and break the siphon
48、 when the liquid level in the bulb arm of the pycnometer reaches the lowestgraduation mark.11.3 Thoroughly dry the wet tip. Wipe the body of the pycnometer with a chemically clean, lint-free cloth slightly damp withwater (Note 4) and weigh the filled pycnometer to the nearest 0.1 mg.NOTE 5In atmosph
49、eres below 60 % relative humidity, drying the pycnometer by rubbing with a dry cotton cloth will induce static charges equivalentto a loss of about 1 mg or more in the weight of the pycnometer. This charge may not be completely dissipated in less than12 h, and can be detectedby touching the pycnometer to the wire hook in the balance and then drawing it away slowly. If the pycnometer exhibits an attraction for the wire hook,it may be considered to have a static charge.11.4 Place the pycnometer in the hold
