1、Designation: D3575 14Standard Test Methods forFlexible Cellular Materials Made From Olefin Polymers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3575; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods apply to flexible closed cell materi-als made from olefin polymers or blends of olefin polymerswith other polym
3、ers as defined in Section 3.1.2 These test methods cover test procedures only. Productrequirements are outlined in Specification D4819.1.3 Unless specifically stated otherwise, by agreement be-tween the purchaser and supplier, all tests shall be performed inaccordance with the test methods specified
4、 in this standard.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices a
5、nd determine the applica-bility or regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1This standard and ISO 7214 address the same subject matter,but differ in technical content.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Proper
6、ties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-tic ElastomersTensionD624 Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional Vul-canized Rubber a
7、nd Thermoplastic ElastomersD1056 Specification for Flexible Cellular MaterialsSponge or Expanded RubberD1349 Practice for RubberStandard Temperatures forTestingD1596 Test Method for Dynamic Shock Cushioning Char-acteristics of Packaging MaterialD1667 Specification for Flexible Cellular MaterialsPoly
8、(Vinyl Chloride) Foam (Closed-Cell)D2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum OxygenConcentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion ofPlastics (Oxygen Index)D4819 Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials MadeFrom Polyolefin PlasticsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM T
9、est MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodF355 Test Method for ImpactAttenuation of Playing SurfaceSystems and Materials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 blendmixture of olefin polymers with other m
10、ono-mer(s) or polymer(s) in which at least 51 mass percent is theolefin polymer.3.1.2 cellular material, flexiblea cellular organic poly-meric material that will not rupture when a specimen 203.2 by25.4 by 25.4 mm (8 by 1 by 1 in.) is bent around a 25.4-mm(1-in.) diameter mandrel at a uniform rate o
11、f one lap in5sata temperature between 18 and 29C.3.1.3 constant compression creepthe time-dependentchange in thickness of a material under a constant compressivestress or compression force.3.1.4 olefin polymerspolymers made by the polymeriza-tion of olefins or copolymerization of olefins with otherm
12、onomers, the olefins being at least 51 mass percent.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 Table 1 contains a list of all the assigned suffix lettersthat may be used in describing the cellular products covered bythese test methods.4.2 These test methods do not contain test methods for allthe suffix letters l
13、isted in Table 1. Where the test method is notincluded, it shall be arranged between the purchaser andsupplier.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on CellularMaterials - Plastics and Elastomers.Curre
14、nt edition approved Jan. 1, 2014. Published January 2014. Originallyapproved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3575 - 08. DOI:10.1520/D3575-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book o
15、f ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.3 Test methods included in this standard are indicated inTable 1 by showing the appl
16、icable section numbers after thesuffix letter.4.4 In cases involving referee decisions, SI units shall beused.5. Significance and Use5.1 The test procedures provide a standard method ofobtaining data for research and development, quality control,acceptance and rejection under specifications, and spe
17、cialpurposes.5.2 The data obtained by these test methods are applicableto the material under conditions of the particular test and arenot necessarily the same as obtained in other environments oruse conditions.6. Sampling6.1 When possible, use the completed manufactured prod-uct for the tests specif
18、ied. Randomly select representativesamples of the lot being examined, as required.6.2 Extruded or molded shapes or sizes too small for cuttingstandard test specimens are difficult to classify or test by thesetest methods and will usually require special testing proceduresor the use of standard test
19、sheets.6.3 When it is necessary or advisable to obtain test speci-mens from the article, as in those cases where the entire sampleis not required or adaptable for testing, specify the method ofcutting and the exact position from which specimens are to betaken. The apparent density and the state of c
20、rosslinking mayvary in different parts of the finished product, especially if thearticle is of complicated shape or of varying thickness, andthese factors affect the physical properties of the specimens.Also, the apparent density is affected by the number of cutsurfaces as opposed to the number of s
21、kin-covered surfaces onthe test specimen.6.4 When the finished product does not lend itself to testingor to the taking of test specimens because of complicatedshape, small size, metal or fabric inserts, solid covers, adhesionto metal, or other reasons, prepare standard test sheets. Whendifferences d
22、ue to the difficulty in obtaining suitable testspecimens from the finished part arise, the manufacturer andpurchaser may agree on acceptable deviations. This can bedone by comparing the results of standard test specimens andthose obtained on actual parts.6.5 If the material to be tested is anisotrop
23、ic, prepare the testspecimens so as to measure the property in the direction ofinterest in the application.7. Conditioning7.1 Conduct tests under known conditions of temperatureand humidity or as specified in the individual test procedure. Incase of dispute, conduct the test at a temperature of 23 6
24、 2C(73.4 6 3.6F) and in an atmosphere of 50 6 10 % relativehumidity. The product shall be conditioned, undeflected, andundistorted, at the temperature and humidity of test for at least24 h before being tested.7.2 It is recommended, for referee purposes, that all testsshall be performed 96 h or more
25、after the foam has beenmanufactured.8. Measurement of Test Specimens8.1 Measure dimensions up to and including 25.4 mm (1 in.)using a dial-type gauge with a minimum foot area of 645.1mm2(1 in.2). Pressure on the foot shall be held to 190 6 50 Pa(0.028 6 0.007 psi).NOTE 2Where foam is appreciably com
26、pressed by this test method,foot area and loading shall be as agreed upon between the purchaser andthe supplier.NOTE 3Thickness of materials having irregular surface characteristicsshall be measured as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.8.2 Dimensions over 25.4 mm (1 in.) may be meas
27、ured witha dial gauge, scale, or tape. Take care not to distort the testspecimen.8.3 The scale, tape, or gauge shall be graduated to permitmeasurements within 61 % of the dimension to be measured.8.4 Results reported shall be the average of a minimum ofthree equally spaced measurements of length and
28、 width and forthickness shall be the average of the center and four equallyspaced measurements around the perimeter of the specimens.TABLE 1 Suffix Letter DesignationsNOTE 1These suffix letters have been assigned by SubcommitteeD11.33 and are consistent with those in Specifications D1056 and D1667.S
29、uffixLetterProperty SectionA Heat resistance 916B Compression set under constant deflectionC Ozone or weather resistanceD Compression deflection 1724E Oil resistanceF Low temperatureG Tear resistance 25H Flex resistanceI Not assigned because of similarity tonumeral 1J Abrasion resistanceK Adhesion c
30、apabilityL Water absorption 2632M Flammability resistance 33N Impact resistanceO Electrical propertiesP Staining resistanceQ Not assigned because of similarity toletter OR1 ResilienceR2 Energy absorption 34S Thermal stability 3542T Tensile strength and elongation 43U Not assignedV Thermal conductivi
31、ty 44 and 45W Density 4649X Not assignedY Not assignedZ Special requirementsAA Buoyancy 5056BB Constant compressive creep 5764CC Dynamic cushioning 65 and 66DD Open cellEE Not assignedFF Water vapor transmissionD3575 142Suffix Tests Suffix BCompression Set Under ConstantDeflection9. Scope9.1 This te
32、st method covers the deflection of the foamspecimen under a compressive force and under specifiedconditions of time and temperature, then noting the effect onthe thickness of the specimen after releasing the compressiveforce.10. Apparatus10.1 Compression Device, consisting of two or more flatsteel o
33、r aluminum plates that are of sufficient thickness toprevent deflection of the plates under load. The plates are heldparallel to each other by bolts or clamps, and the space betweenthe plates is adjustable to the required deflection thickness bymeans of spacers.11. Test Specimens11.1 The test specim
34、ens shall have parallel top and bottomsurfaces and essentially perpendicular sides.11.2 Specimens shall be 50.8 by 50.8 by 25.4 mm (2 by 2 by1 in.) unless otherwise specified. Specimens less than 25.4 mmin thickness shall be plied up, without the use of an adhesive,to produce a total thickness of 25
35、.4 mm.NOTE 4To obtain accurate data when testing foams with large cells orirregular surfaces, or both, larger samples approximately 101.6 by 101.6by 25.4 mm (4 by 4 by 1 in.) are recommended.12. Number of Specimens12.1 Test three specimens for each sample. The valuesreported shall be the mean of tho
36、se observed. If any valuedeviates more than 20 % from this mean, test two additionalspecimens and report the mean for all five values.13. Procedure13.1 Perform the entire test procedure at 23 6 2C (73.4 63.6F).NOTE 5See Practice D1349 if conditions other than these are desired.13.2 Measure the test
37、specimen original thickness (to)inaccordance with the procedure in Section 8.13.3 Place the test specimen or specimens in the apparatusin a manner that will not allow the specimens to come intocontact with each other upon being compressed and deflect thespecimens to 50 % 6 1 % of their thickness.13.
38、4 Allow the test specimen to remain deflected in theapparatus for 22 h 6 30 minutes.13.5 Remove the specimen from the test apparatus at theend of the 22-h period. Measure the final thickness ( tf) after 24h 6 30 minutes of recovery.14. Calculation14.1 Calculate the constant deflection compression se
39、t,expressed as a percentage of the original thickness, as follows:Cd5to2 tf!to3100 (1)where:Cd= compression set expressed as a percent of the originalthickness,to= original thickness, mm (in.), andtf= thickness of the specimen after the specified recoveryperiod, mm. (in.)15. Report15.1 Report the av
40、erage compression set value, of the threespecimens tested, for each sample, except as noted in 13.1.16. Precision and Bias16.1 See Section 67 for precision and bias data.Suffix DCompression Deflection (Also called LoadDeflection or Compressive Strength)17. Scope17.1 This test method covers the measu
41、rement of the forcenecessary to produce a 25 % compression over the entire toparea of the foam specimen.NOTE 6Compression deflection tests other than at 25 % may bespecified as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.18. Apparatus18.1 An apparatus shall be provided having a flat compres-s
42、ion foot, larger than the specimen to be tested, connected to aforce-measuring device and mounted in a manner such that theproduct or specimen can be deflected (compressed) at a speedof 0.21 to 0.84 mm/s (0.5 to 2 in./min). The apparatus shall bearranged to support the specimen on a level horizontal
43、 plate.19. Test Specimens19.1 The test specimen shall be 50.8 by 50.8 by 25.4 mm (2by 2 by 1 in.) with parallel top and bottom surfaces. Thethickness shall be no greater than 75 % of the minimum topdimension.19.2 Specimens shall be a minimum of 2580.6 mm2(4 in.2)in area and have a minimum thickness
44、of 25.4 mm (1 in.).Specimens less than 25.4 mm thick shall be plied up, withoutthe use of cement, to a minimum of 25.4 mm.NOTE 7Specimens less than 25.4 mm (1 in.) thick may be testedwithout being plied up, but the thickness must be specified.20. Number of Specimens20.1 Test three specimens for each
45、 sample. The valuesreported shall be the mean of those observed. If any valuedeviates more than 20 % from this mean, test two additionalspecimens and report the mean for all five values.21. Procedure21.1 Place the specimen centered in the line of the axial loadon the supporting plate of the apparatu
46、s.21.2 Bring the compression foot into contact with thespecimen and determine the thickness after applying a totalpretest-pressure of 190 6 50 Pa (0.028 6 0.007 psi) to thespecimen area. Compress the specimen 25 6 0.5 % of thisD3575 143thickness at 12.7 mm/min (0.5 in./min) and take the reading ofth
47、e load immediately, unless another speed is specified.NOTE 8Where foam is appreciably compressed by this pretest-pressure, foot area and loading shall be as agreed upon between thepurchaser and the supplier.22. Calculation22.1 Calculate the 25 % compression deflection force, perunit area of specimen
48、, expressed as kilopascals (or pounds-force per square inch), as follows:CD 5FA(2)where:CD = compression deflection force per unit of specimenarea, kPa (psi),F = force required to compress the specimen 25 % of thethickness as measured in 8.2, N (lbf), andA = specimen compression contact surface area
49、, m2(in.2).23. Report23.1 Report the average thickness after pretest pressure andthe average compression deflection, for the three specimenstested, in kilopascals (or pounds-force per square inch), re-quired for 25 % compression, except as noted in 20.1.24. Precision and Bias24.1 See Section 67 for precision and bias data.Suffix GTear Resistance, Test Method D62425. Test Method D62425.1 Die C shall be used.25.2 Test the material at the thickness to be supplied, unlessotherwise arranged by agreement between the purchaser andthe supplier.Suffix LWater
