1、Designation: D 3623 78a (Reapproved 2004)Standard Test Method for TestingAntifouling Panels in Shallow Submergence1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3623; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a proced
3、ure for testing antifoul-ing compositions in shallow marine environments and astandard antifouling panel of known performance to serve as acontrol in antifouling studies.NOTE 1Subcommittee D01.45 has a revised rating procedure nowbeing evaluated by round robin.1.2 The values stated in SI units are t
4、o be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices a
5、nd determine the applica-tion of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 569/A 569M Specification for Steel, Carbon (0.15 Maxi-mum Percent), Hot-Rolled, Sheet and Strip, CommercialSteel3D 2200 Pictorial Surface Preparation Standards for PaintingSteel Surfaces
6、2.2 U.S. Military Specifications (See also Annex A1):MIL-P-15328D Primer Pretreatment (Formula 117 for Met-als)4MIL-P-15929C Primer Coating, Shipboard, Vinyl-Red Lead(Formula 119For Hot Spray)4MIL-P-15931B Paint, Antifouling, Vinyl, Red (Formula121/63)4MIL-S-22698A Steel Plate, Carbon, Structural43.
7、 Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 shallow submergencean immersion to depths be-tween 0.3 and 3.0 m (1 and 10 ft).3.2 Abbreviations:Abbreviations:3.2.1 The following abbreviations are used in reporting testresults:Al algaeBarn barnaclesE.B. encrusting bryozoansHyd hydroidsSl slimeTun tunicatesC.F. co
8、mpletely fouledF.R. fouling resistance ratingA.F. antifouling ratingA.C. anticorrosive ratingO.P. overall performance ratingCO coelenteratesF.B. filamentous bryozoansMol molluscsPC polychaetes3.2.2 Algal Mups may be delineated by classification nota-tion by phyllum as follows:Al-b Phaeophyta (brown)
9、Al-bg Cyanophyta (blue-green)Al-g Chlorophyta (green)Al-r Rhodophyta (red)4. Significance and Use4.1 This method is designed as a screening test in evaluatingantifouling coating systems. Results of the standard system ina specific marine environment are included to assist in inter-preting results (s
10、ee Annex A2).4.2 Antifouling systems providing positive comparisonswith the standard system should be considered acceptable foruse in protecting underwater marine structures.4.3 The degree and type of fouling will vary depending onthe environment. Hence, differences in geographic location oftest sit
11、es, in time of year when panels are exposed, and inweather conditions from 1 year to the next can affect results.Therefore, a fouling census on a nontoxic surface is taken. Forthe exposure to be valid the nontoxic surface should show1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 o
12、n Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.45 on Marine Coatings.Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 3623 78a (1998).2For referenced ASTM
13、standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,S
14、ection D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.heavy fouling, and the standard system should show signifi-cantly less fouling than the nontoxic surface (see Annex A3 andAnnex A
15、4).5. Apparatus5.1 Blast Cleaning Apparatus capable of preparing panelsin compliance with 8.1.5.2 Application Equipment consisting of brush, roller, con-ventional spray, or airless spray. Usually the equipment isdictated by the physical properties of the coating and the filmthickness desired.5.3 Exp
16、osure Rack to provide firm positioning of thespecimen panels such that they are held vertically in place inspite of the current and are electrically insulated from metalliccontact with the rack or other panels. The rack should bepositioned such that the prevailing tidal currents will moveparallel to
17、 the panel face, and the panels will be immersed to adepth of a minimum of 0.3 m (1 ft) and a maximum of3m(10ft). In a rack where the panels are stacked front to back, theyshould be spaced at least 60 mm (212 in.) apart, with the twoend positions filled with blank panels. In a rack where thepanels a
18、re mounted side by side, the distance between adjacentpanels should be a minimum 1.5 mm (12 in.).6. Materials6.1 Test PanelThe substrate for the standard antifoulingcoating system shall be medium low-carbon steel plate perSpecification A 569/A 569M,53 mm thick by 150 to 250 mmby 250 to 300 mm (18 in
19、. thick by 6 to 10 by 10 to 12 in.) witha minimum area per side of 465 cm27(2in.2). A 6-mm (14-in.)diameter hole,12 to 1 in. from the top and centered shall bedrilled for holding the panel while handling and painting. Thetest coating system shall be applied to that substrate for whichit is designed
20、provided there is a minimum area per side of 466cm2(72 in.2).6.2 Standard Coating SystemThe standard antifoulingcoating system shall consist of:6.2.1 Green pretreatment coating conforming to U.S. Mili-tary Specification MIL-P-15328B (Formula 117), B revisiononly.6.2.2 Vinyl red lead primer conformin
21、g to U.S. MilitarySpecification MIL-P-15929C (Formula 119), C revision only.6.2.3 Vinyl antifouling coating conforming to U.S. MilitarySpecification MIL-P-15931B (Formula 121/63), B revisiononly.6.3 Test Coating SystemThe test antifouling coating maybe applied to the standard primer system, or to an
22、y othersuitable anticorrosive primer system.7. Safety Precautions7.1 WarningAntifouling paints contain toxic materialsthat could cause skin and eye irritation on contact and adversephysiological effects if ingested or inhaled. In the preparationof panels and the application of various types of antif
23、oulingpaints the use of appropriate protective clothing and equipmentis required consistent with local, state, and federal governmentregulations, and recognized industrial and technical standards.Spills, overspray, and unused material should not be flusheddown the drain, but should be disposed of as
24、 hazardous waste.8. Procedure8.1 Abrasive blast the required number of panels to near-white metal (Sa 212 of Method D 2200) to obtain a profile of25 to 38 m (1 to 1.5 mils).NOTE 2A profile of 25 to 38 m (1 to 1.5 mils) can be obtained withthe following parameters: (1) Type and size of grit, No. 46 (
25、sand); (2)Pressure, 620 kPa (90 psi); (3) Angle, 90 deg; (4) Distance from surface,75 to 125 mm (3 to 5 in.); (5) Nozzle size, 9 mm (38 in.).8.2 On the clean, dry, uncontaminated, blasted surface applyto each standard panel one coat of pretreatment coatingMIL-P-15328D to give a nominal dry film thic
26、kness of 13 m(12 mil).NOTE 3All coating drying times are for a minimum temperature of21C and a maximum relative humidity of 70 %.8.3 Within 24 h of application of the pretreatment coatingapply the first coat of red lead vinyl primer MIL-P-15929C.Apply a total of four coats of red lead vinyl primer t
27、o give anominal dry film thickness of 150 m(6 mils ). Allow aminimum of 2 h and a maximum of 24 h drying between coatsof red lead vinyl primer.8.4 Allowing a minimum of 2 h and a maximum of 24 hdrying after the last coat of red lead vinyl primer, apply the firstcoat of vinyl antifouling coating MIL-
28、P-15931B to the stan-dard panels, and the test coating to the test panels. A 19-mm(34-in.) numbered vinyl tape can be applied before the secondcoat of antifouling coating for identification. Allowing aminimum of 2 h and a maximum of 24 h drying after the firstcoat, apply a second coat of the respect
29、ive antifouling coatingto give a nominal dry film thickness for both antifouling coatsof 100 m (4 mils).8.5 Before immersion permit the second coat of antifoulingcoating to dry a minimum of 4 h and a maximum of 2 weeks,the latter time allowing for shipping the panels to the immer-sion site.8.6 Expos
30、e for a minimum period of 1 year at an immersionsite with a high incidence of fouling as indicated by attach-ments on a dark nontoxic surface such as slate. A monthlyfouling census as well as a yearly accumulation when appro-priate is required.8.7 Evaluate the antifouling panels for surface fouling
31、andphysical condition of the film system at least monthly asfollows using the report form in Table 1.8.7.1 Fouling on SurfacesRate fouling present on thatportion of the antifouling test surface which is intact at the timeof inspection (see 9.1). Rate both sides of the panel ifappropriate. Ignore fou
32、ling present on the substrate or onanticorrosive undercoats. Barnacles, polychaetes, coelenter-ates, etc., that are immature or loosely attached should be soreported in the appropriate space. Report fouling by initialalgal germination, low-form algae and diatoms as “algalslime.” Report absorbed orga
33、nic and inorganic chemicals,trapped silt and detritus, and other unidentified slimes as “silt.”8.7.2 Physical ConditionRate the condition of coatingfilms in accordance with 9.2. Record qualitative descriptions of5See also U.S. Military Specification MIL-S-22698, Type 1, Class A.D 3623 78a (2004)2fil
34、m deterioration and discoloration in this column, and unlessotherwise specified, refer only to the antifouling test surface.Indicate deterioration of undercoats, when evident, by thenotation “A.C.”. For example, “Peeling, A.F. from A.C.” or“Chipping, A.C. from steel.”9. Calculations:9.1 Fouling Resi
35、stance (F.R.)Award each test surface freeof fouling except for the presence of algal spores and otherbiological slimes a rating of 100. Reduce the rating to 95 ifonly incipient fouling is present. If mature forms of fouling arepresent, obtain the rating by subtracting from 95 the sum of thenumber of
36、 individuals present and percent surface covered bycolonial forms. For example, if the“ fouling on surface” is:Barn 6, 3 to 10 mmE.B. NoneOthers Mol 1,20 mmAl-g (green) 10 %then the F.R. percent rating would be 95 (6+1+10)=78.9.2 Physical Condition:9.2.1 Antifouling Film (A.F.)Award an antifouling t
37、estsurface having no physical defects a rating of 100. Subtract thepercent surface affected by film defects from 100 to obtain therating for imperfect films.9.2.2 Anticorrosive Film (A.C.)Obtain the rating by thesame procedure as 9.2.1.9.3 Overall Performance (O.P.)For overall performance,award the
38、panel the lowest percent rating of the three precedingvalues.9.4 NormalizationThe rating system described above isbased on a minimum test on one side area of 465 cm2(72 in.2).Correct the percent ratings for test surfaces of nonstandarddimensions for the difference between the minimum standardpanel a
39、rea of 72 in.2(465 cm2) and the area on one side of thetest specimen.10. Report10.1 Report the results of the immersion test in terms offouling resistance and overall performance for both the mate-rial under test and the standard system.10.2 Other DataReport the place, depth, and date ofimmersion, w
40、hether mounted from a dock or a floating raft,date the panels were removed and inspected, panel size, andpanel identification number. A census of fouling on a nontoxicsurface taken each month for the period of exposure must beincluded in the report.11. Precision11.1 The precision statements are base
41、d on an interlabora-tory study in which seven laboratories prepared pairs of panelscoated with the standard antifouling system, submerged them,and after 1 year rated the fouling. The within-laboratorystandard deviation was found to be 2.08. The between-laboratory standard deviation was found to be 4
42、.67. Based onthese standard deviations, the following criteria should be usedto judge the acceptability of results at the 95 % confidencelevel:11.1.1 RepeatabilityTwo results each the mean of dupli-cates obtained by the same operator should be consideredsuspect if they differ by more than seven unit
43、s.11.1.2 ReproducibilityTwo results each the mean of du-plicates obtained by operators in different laboratories shouldbe considered suspect if they differ by more than 16 units.TABLE 1 Behavior Report of Experimental SurfacesOrigin: Place of Immersion:Series: Depth of Immersion:Base: Date Immersed:
44、Size: Date Inspected:Inspected by:Test Surface No.Fouling on SurfacesAPhysical ConditionPercent RatingsF.R. A.F. A.C. O.P.Barn:E.B.:Others:Barn:E.B.:Others:Barn:E.B.:Others:Barn:E.B.:Others:Barn:E.B.:Others:Barn:E.B.:Others:Barn:E.B.:Others:AFouling reported as found on the more heavily fouled surfa
45、ce. Solitary forms reported numerically; colonial forms by percent surface covered, Al: algae; Barn: barnacles;E.B.: encrusting bryozoans; Hyd: hydroids; Tun: tunicates; C.F.: completely fouled; CO: coelenterates; F.B.: filamentous bryozoans; Mol: molluscs; PC: polychaetes.D 3623 78a (2004)312. Keyw
46、ords12.1 antifouling; antifouling coatings; fouling; immersion;performance; staticANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1. STANDARD COATING SYSTEM FORMULASTABLE A1.1 Green Pretreatment Coating, MIL-P-15328D (Formula 117)Pounds per 100 galof Mixed MaterialGallons per 100 galof Mixed MaterialIngredients of r
47、esin component (80 gal):Polyvinyl-butyral resinA56 6.10Zinc chromate (insoluble type)B54 1.78Magnesium-silicate (Type A or B of Specification MIL-M-15173) 8 0.34Lampblack (Specification TT-L-70) 0.6 0.04Butyl alcohol, normal (Spec. TT-B-846) 125 18.48Isopropyl alcohol, 99 %C353 53.80Water 15 1.80Ing
48、redients of acid component (20 gal):Phosphoric acid (Class A of Spec. O-P-313) 28 2.0Water 25 3.0Isopropyl alcohol, 99 %C99 15.0AThe resin shall be a polyvinyl partial butyral resin containing only poly(vinyl butyral), poly(vinyl alcohol), and poly(vinyl acetate) in the molecule. The resin shall con
49、tain18.0 to 20.0 % vinyl alcohol, and not more than 1.0 % of vinyl acetate. A 6 % solution of the resin in methanol shall have a viscosity of 12 to 18 cP at 20C. The specificgravity of the resin shall be 1.05 to 1.15.BThe zinc chromate shall be of an insoluble type, showing an analysis of 16 to 19 % CrO3, and 67 to 72 % ZnO, and not more than 1 % water-soluble salts.CIsopropyl alcohol, 99 % shall have a specific gravity of 0.785 to 0.790 at 20/20C and a distillation range not greater than 1.5C and this range shall include 82.3C.TABLE A1.2 Vin
