1、Designation: D 3628 08Standard Practice forSelection and Use of Emulsified Asphalts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3628; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the selection of emulsified asphaltsfor various paving and allied uses.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of
3、 thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D8 Terminology Relating
4、to Materials for Roads and Pave-mentsD 977 Specification for Emulsified AsphaltD 2397 Specification for Cationic Emulsified Asphalt3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bituminous-aggregate applicationsapplications ofbituminous material to a prepared aggregate base or pavementsurface followed by the a
5、pplication of aggregate.3.1.2 bituminous-aggregate mixturesa combination of bi-tuminous material and aggregate that is physically mixed bymechanical means, spread on the job site, and compacted.3.1.3 bituminous applicationsthe application of sprayedbituminous coatings not involving the use of aggreg
6、ates.3.1.4 crack fillerthe bituminous material used to fill andseal cracks in existing pavements.3.1.5 dense-graded aggregateaggregate that is gradedfrom the maximum size, down to and including filler, with theobject of obtaining a bituminous mix with a controlled voidcontent and high stability.3.1.
7、6 dust bindera light application of bituminous mate-rial for the express purpose of laying and bonding loose dust.3.1.7 fog seala light spray application of asphalt to anexisting pavement as a seal to inhibit raveling, or seal thesurface, or both.3.1.8 graded aggregate seal, na single surface treatm
8、entin which the aggregate is graded with little or no mineral filler,typically with a nominal maximum size of about 19 mm, andcontaining sufficient sand that the bituminous material will berequired to penetrate upward into the aggregate cover; thenominal maximum aggregate size may vary depending on
9、thecourse thickness desired and aggregate availability. It is anapplication method used in lieu of a chip seal to provide alower cost road.3.1.8.1 DiscussionIn this case, nominal maximum sizerefers to the definition in Terminology D8.3.1.9 maintenance mixa mixture of bituminous materialand mineral a
10、ggregate applied at ambient temperature for usein patching holes, depressions, and distress areas in existingpavements, using appropriate hand or mechanical methods inplacing and compacting the mix. These mixes may be designedfor immediate use or for use out of a stockpile at a later datewithout fur
11、ther processing.3.1.10 mixed-in-placethe procedures by which the bitu-minous material and mineral aggregrate are mixed on the jobsite by means of travel plants, blade mixing, or other specialroad-mixing equipment.3.1.11 mulch treatmenta spray application of bituminousmaterial used to temporarily sta
12、bilize a recently seeded area.The bituminous material can be applied to the soil or to a strawor hay mulch as a tie-down.3.1.12 multiple surface treatmenttwo or more single sur-face treatments placed one on the other. The maximumaggregate size of each successive treatment is usually one halfthat of
13、the previous one, and the total thickness is about thesame as the nominal maximum size aggregate particles of thefirst course.3.1.13 open-graded aggregateaggregate containing littleor no mineral filler and in which the void spaces in thecompacted aggregate are relatively large.3.1.14 pavement bases
14、and surfacesthe lower or underly-ing pavement course atop the subbase or subgrade and the topor wearing course. Cold-laid mixtures that are bound togetherwith liquid bitumens use either open or dense aggregategradations.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road andPaving
15、 Materials and is the direct responsibility of D04.41 on Emulsified AsphaltSpecifications.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008. Published January 2008. Originallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 3628 06.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.or
16、g, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.15 penetr
17、ation macadampavement construction usingessentially one-size coarse aggregate which is penetrated inplace by an application of high viscosity bituminous materialfollowed by an application of smaller one-size coarse aggre-gate and thoroughly rolled. Procedure may be progressivelyrepeated to reduce su
18、rface voids as desired.3.1.16 plant mix (cold)a mixture of bituminous materialand mineral aggregate prepared in a central mixing plant andspread and compacted at the job site when the mixture is at ornear ambient temperature.3.1.17 plant mix (hot)a mixture of bituminous materialand mineral aggregate
19、 usually prepared in a conventionalhot-mix plant or drum mixer at a temperature of not more than127C and spread and compacted at the job site at a tempera-ture above 93C.3.1.18 prime coatan application of low-viscosity bitumi-nous material to an absorptive surface designed to penetrate,bond, and sta
20、bilize this existing surface and to promoteadhesion between it and the new super-imposed construction.3.1.19 sanda mineral aggregate material consisting ofparticles of rock passing a 4.75-mm sieve and only about 5 %passing the 75-m sieve.3.1.20 sand seala bituminous-sand application to an ex-isting
21、pavement surface to seal the surface and to function as alight-wearing course.3.1.21 sandy soila material consisting essentially of fineaggregate particles smaller than 2.00-mm sieve and usuallycontaining material passing a 75-m sieve. This materialusually exhibits plasticity characteristics.3.1.22
22、single-surface treatment (chip seal)a wearing sur-face of bituminous material and aggregate in which theaggregate is placed uniformly over the applied bituminousmaterial in a single layer, the thickness of which approximatesthe nominal maximum size of the aggregate used.3.1.23 slurry seala uniform a
23、pplication of a mixture ofemulsified asphalt, fine aggregate, mineral filler, and water toan existing pavement. Single or multiple applications may beused.3.1.24 tack coatan application of bituminous materialapplied to an existing, relatively nonabsorbent surface toprovide a thorough bond between ol
24、d and new surfacing.3.1.25 treatments and sealsa bituminous aggregate appli-cation to any type of road or pavement surface for the purposeof providing a wearing course, or a surface seal, or both.4. Significance and Use4.1 As indicated by Specifications D 977 and D 2397,emulsified asphalts are class
25、ified by type (rapid medium orslow setting) and by grade within type (viscosity in the case ofthe rapid-setting type or characteristic of the residual asphalt inthe case of the medium and slow-setting types). Selection foruse of a particular type and grade is controlled by type ofconstruction (wheth
26、er an application or a mix type), propertiesof the mineral aggregate (both grading and mineral composi-tion), and environmental conditions during construction. Forsurface treatments and seals, emulsions are formulated to setrapidly upon contact with the mineral aggregate or pavementsurface. When use
27、d in mix types, slower breaking is required toallow time for mixing and laydown. If the mix aggregate isopen graded without appreciable fines, a medium-setting emul-sion may be used that deposits a relatively hard asphalt. If theaggregate is dense-graded but does not contain a large amountof very fi
28、ne material (dust), a medium-setting emulsion with asoft residue may be a good choice. However, if the dense-graded aggregate contains a large amount of very fine mineralmatter, a slow-setting emulsion may be required.4.2 The recommendations in Table 1 should be consideredonly as a general guide for
29、 the selection of an emulsion for use.If the user is uncertain as to which to select for an intended use,the emulsion supplier should be contacted.5. Keywords5.1 emulsified asphalt; emulsionD3628082TABLE1GeneralUsesofEmulsifiedAsphaltNOTE1Onlythosegradesofemulsifiedasphaltingeneralusehavebeenindicat
30、edherein.Itispossiblethatundercertainvariationsofaggregates,orclimaticconditions,orboth,additionalselectionsmightbeappropriate.Wheretheuseofemulsifiedasphaltforapplicationsotherthanthoselistedinthetablearecontemplated,theemulsionsuppliershouldbeconsulted.TypeofConstructionASpecificationD977Specifica
31、tionD2397(Cationic)RS-1BRS-2HFRS-2MS-1,HFMS-1MS-2,HFMS-2MS-2h,HFMS-2hHFMS-2sSS-1SS-1hQS-1hCRS-1BCRS-2CMS-2CMS-2hCSS-1CSS-1hCQS-1hBituminous-aggregatemixtures:Forpavementbasesandsur-faces:Plantmix(hot).XC.Plantmix(cold)Open-gradedaggregate.XX.XX.Dense-gradedaggregate.XXX.XX.Sand.XXX.XX.Mixed-in-place
32、:Open-gradedaggregate.XXX.XX.Dense-gradedaggregate.XXX.XX.Sand.XXX.XX.Sandysoil.XX.XX.Slurryseal.XXX.XXXBituminous-aggregateapplica-tions:Treatmentsandseals:Singlesurfacetreatment(Chip Seal)XXX.XX.MultiplesurfacetreatmentXXX.XX.GradedAggregateSeal.X.SandsealXXXX.X.XX.Penetrationmacadam:Largevoids.XX
33、.X.SmallvoidsX.X.Bituminousapplications:Fogseal.XD.XEXE.XEXE.Primecoat-penetrablesur-face.XEXE.XEXE.Tackcoat.XD.XEXE.XEXE.Dustbinder.XEXE.XEXE.Mulchtreatment.XEXE.XEXE.Crackfiller.XXXXX.XXXX.Maintenancemix:Immediateuse.XXXX.XX.Stockpile.X.AFordefinitionsoftermsusedinthistable,refertoSection3.BRS-1an
34、dCRS-1maybeusedasatackcoatinspecialcaseswherenightconstructionorhighhumidityexists.CGradesofemulsionotherthanMS-2hmaybeusedwhereexperiencehasshownthattheygivesatisfactoryperformance.DDilutedwithwaterbythemanufacturer.EDilutedwithwater.D3628083ASTM International takes no position respecting the valid
35、ity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subje
36、ct to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquart
37、ers. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard
38、 is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D3628084
