1、Designation: D3667 16Standard Specification forRubber Seals Used in Flat-Plate Solar Collectors1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3667; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the general requiremen
3、ts formaterials used in rubber seals of flat-plate solar collectors,except vertically mounted passive collectors. Particular appli-cations may necessitate other requirements that would takeprecedence over these requirements when specified.1.2 The design requirement pertains only to permissibledeflec
4、tions of the rubber during thermal expansion or contrac-tion of the seal in use and the tolerances in dimensions ofmolded and extruded seals.1.3 This specification does not include requirements per-taining to the fabrication or installation of the seals.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be re
5、garded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only toSection 9, Test Methods, of this specification: This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the respons
6、ibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C661 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Elastomeric-Type Sealants by Means of a DurometerC717
7、Terminology of Building Seals and SealantsC719 Test Method for Adhesion and Cohesion of Elasto-meric Joint Sealants Under Cyclic Movement (HockmanCycle)D395 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompression SetD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-tic ElastomersTensionD865 Test Method for
8、 RubberDeterioration by Heating inAir (Test Tube Enclosure)D1149 Test Methods for Rubber DeteriorationCracking inan Ozone Controlled EnvironmentD1229 Test Method for Rubber PropertyCompression Setat Low TemperaturesD1349 Practice for RubberStandard Conditions for Test-ingD1415 Test Method for Rubber
9、 PropertyInternationalHardnessD1566 Terminology Relating to RubberD2137 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyBrittleness Pointof Flexible Polymers and Coated FabricsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-nessD3182 Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, and Pro-cedures for Mixing Standard C
10、ompounds and PreparingStandard Vulcanized SheetsD3183 Practice for RubberPreparation of Pieces for TestPurposes from ProductsG7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Test-ing of Nonmetallic MaterialsG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accel-erated Test Devices that Use Labo
11、ratory Light SourcesG155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus forExposure of Non-Metallic Materials2.2 Other Standards:3RMA Handbook Rubber Products: Molded, Extruded,Lathe Cut, and Cellular3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to the definitions of terms in Termi-nology C717 and Terminolog
12、y D1566.4. Classification4.1 Types:1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D11 on Rubberand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.37 on Coated Fabrics, RubberThreads and Seals.Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published July 2016. Originally approvedin 1978. La
13、st previous edition approved in 2010 as D3667 05 (2010). DOI:10.1520/D3667-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
14、the ASTM website.3Available from Rubber Manufacturers Association (RMA), 1400 K St., NW,Suite 900, Washington, DC 20005, http:/www.rma.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.1.1 Type C, intended for use in cold climates
15、 (below -10C in winter).4.1.2 Type W, intended for use in warm climates (above -10C in winter).4.2 Grades:4.2.1 Grade designations represent differing degrees ofhardness as follows:4.2.1.1 Grade 2, hardness of 20 6 5.4.2.1.2 Grade 3, hardness of 30 6 5.4.2.1.3 Grade 4, hardness of 40 6 5.4.2.1.4 Gra
16、de 5, hardness of 50 6 5.4.2.1.5 Grade 6, hardness of 60 6 5.4.2.1.6 Grade 7, hardness of 70 6 5.4.2.1.7 Grade 8, hardness of 80 6 5.NOTE 1The grade to be used in a particular application depends on thedesign of the seal and must be specified by the designer.4.3 Classes:4.3.1 Seals shall be classifi
17、ed as follows:4.3.1.1 Class PS, preformed rubber seal.4.3.1.2 Class SC, sealing compound.NOTE 2Class SC material should not be used in designs where theseal is under mechanical stress.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Seals shall be rubber vulcanizates conforming to therequirements in Section 6 and re
18、sistant to deterioration by solarradiation.5.2 Resistance to solar radiation can be determined by oneof the following:5.2.1 Desert outdoor exposure, in accordance with recom-mended Practice G7 using the exposure rack at an angle of 45for unbacked exposure of the specimens. Desert outdoorexposure sha
19、ll be for at least six months including at least onemonth preceding and following the summer solstice.5.2.2 Xenon arc laboratory exposure, in accordance withrecommended Practice G151 and G155 using daylight filtersand operating conditions as described below:5.2.2.1 The irradiance level shall be main
20、tained at 0.55 60.02 W/(m2nm) at 340 nm at the control point. For equivalentbroad band irradiance levels and tolerances at 300 to 400 nmand 300 to 800 nm, consult the manufacturer of the apparatus.5.2.2.2 The default exposure cycle shall be 102 min lightonly followed by 18 min light plus either wate
21、r spray on thefront surface or immersion in water. The spray water can befresh or recirculated from a holding tank. The temperature ofthe spray water is uncontrolled and for fresh water typicallyranges between 16 and 26C. Recirculated spray water can beat a higher temperature. Immersion water is gen
22、erally in aholding tank for recirculation. The uncontrolled temperature ofthe recirculated immersion water during operation of theweathering device typically ranges between 45 and 55C.NOTE 3Water spray and immersion in water are different kinds ofmoisture exposures and may produce different results.
23、5.2.2.3 The uninsulated black panel temperature (BPT) shallbe maintained at 63 6 2.5C at the control point during the dryperiod of exposure to light. For the equivalent insulated blackpanel temperature (black standard temperature (BST), consultthe manufacturer of the apparatus.5.2.2.4 Relative humid
24、ity shall be maintained at 60 6 10 %at the control point during the dry period of exposure to lightin xenon arc apparatus that uses water spray for wetting.5.2.2.5 The chamber air temperature shall be maintained at48 6 2C at the control point in equipment that uses waterspray for wetting and provide
25、s for adjustment of the chamberair temperature.5.2.2.6 The exposure duration shall be by agreement be-tween the parties concerned. The exposure time shall be at least1000 h, but long enough to produce a substantial change in theproperty of interest in the least stable formulation of the type ofmater
26、ial being evaluated.NOTE 4The specified set point is the target condition for the controlsensor as programmed by the user. When a Standard calls for a particularset point, the user programs the exact number. The tolerances (maximumallowed operational fluctuations) specified with the set point do not
27、 implythat the user is allowed to program a set point higher or lower than theexact set point specified. The operational fluctuations specified are themaximum deviations allowable from the set point at the control sensorduring equilibrium conditions. The machine variables determine theoperational fl
28、uctuations. If under equilibrium conditions they exceed thoseallowed, stop the test and correct the problem before continuing.5.3 After exposure, slight surface chalking and dulling arepermitted. Brittleness, cracking, tackiness, or other deteriora-tion affecting serviceability shall not be permitte
29、d.6. Requirements6.1 Class PS material shall conform to the requirementsgiven in Table 1.6.2 Class SC material shall conform to the requirementsgiven in Table 2.7. Dimensions7.1 The design of the seal shall not permit the rubber todeflect more than 25 % in any direction during thermalexpansion and c
30、ontraction of the solar collector.NOTE 5If the thermal coefficient of linear expansion for the rubber isnot known, a value of 0.0003/K may be assumed for design purposes.7.2 The tolerances in dimensions shall conform to thefollowing designations in the RMA Handbook:7.2.1 Molded Seals:7.2.1.1 Commerc
31、ial DimensionsRMA A3-F3-T.032.7.2.1.2 Critical DimensionsRMA A2-F3-T.032.7.2.2 Extruded Seals:7.2.2.1 Commercial DimensionsRMA A2-F3.8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance8.1 Class PS seals shall be free of blisters, checks, cracks,and other imperfections that can affect their ability to make ormain
32、tain a watertight seal.8.2 Class SC material shall be uniform in composition andbe free of defects that may affect serviceability.9. Test Methods9.1 Class PS MaterialPrepare the specimens as prescribedin Practice D3183 and test the material in accordance with theD3667 162test methods given in Table
33、1. For control of production,specimens may be taken from standard test sheets prepared inaccordance with Practice D3182, using the same unvulcanizedmaterial used to prepare the seals and vulcanizing the materialat the same temperature used for the seals to an equivalent stateof vulcanization.9.2 Cla
34、ss SC MaterialPrepare five sheets approximately150 by 150 by 2 mm in accordance with instructions suppliedwith the sealing material. Also, prepare five adhesion speci-mens in accordance with Test Method C719. Preferably,prepare each sheet and adhesion specimen from material in adifferent container.
35、Condition the sheets and adhesion speci-mens for 14 days at a temperature of 23 C and relativehumidity of 50 %. Test the material in accordance with the testmethods given in Table 2.9.3 Determine volatiles lost from the difference in mass ofthe specimens before and after heating for 166 h at thetemp
36、erature given in Table 1 or Table 2 and as prescribed inTest Method D865.9.4 Determine volatiles condensable at 23 C from thedifference in mass of the outlet tubes before and after heatingthe specimens for 166 h at the temperature given in Table 1 orTable 2 in accordance with Test Method D865. If ne
37、cessary,cool the exposed portion of the outlet tube with a stream of airto maintain a temperature of 23 6 2 C. If any volatilescondense on the inlet tube or other parts of the apparatus, addthe mass of this condensed material to the mass of the materialon the outlet tube.TABLE 1 Requirements for Cla
38、ss PS Material Used to Seal Flat-Plate Solar CollectorsPropertyGradeASTM TestMethod34 5 678Ultimate elongation, min, % 350 300 250 200 150 100 D412Compression set, max, %:after 70 h at 150C 30 30 30 30 30 30 D395Aafter 166 h at 10C 60 60 60 60 60 60 D1229BResistance to heating (for 166 h at150C):CD8
39、65Hardness change, max 10 10 10 10 10 10 D1415 orD2240Ultimate elongation change, max, % 30 30 30 30 30 30 D412Tensile strength change, max, % 20 20 20 20 20 20 D412Volatiles lost, max, % 1 1 1 1 1 1 See 9.3Volatiles condensible, max, % 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 See 9.4Resistance to ozone: D1149100 mP
40、a,Dfor 166 h at 40C No crackingResistance for low temperature: D2137Type C only, max, C 40 40 40 40 40 40Resistance to Outdoor or Xenon arc exposure No brittleness, cracking, tackiness, or other deterioration affecting serviceability See 5.2AMethod B.BSet to be measured at 10 s after release. Lubric
41、ated plates or polytetrafluoroethylene film is recommended if the rubber adheres to the metal compression plates duringtest.CThe test temperature of 150C is used to test seals for cover plates. A seal in contact with an absorber plate should be tested at a standard test temperature listed inPractice
42、 D1349 next above the maximum temperature of the absorber plate in service (which generally occurs under stagnation conditions and maximum radiation flux)but not less than 150C. The higher test temperatures are: 175, 200, 225, and 250.D100 mPa of ozone partial pressure is equivalent to 100 pphm at s
43、tandard atmospheric pressure (100 kPa). See new terminology on ozone content expressions describedin Test Method D1149.TABLE 2 Requirements for Class SC Material Used to Seal Flat-Plate Solar CollectorsProperty Grade ASTM TestMethod234Ultimate elongation, min, % 200 150 100 D412Resistance to heating
44、 (for 166 h at 125C) D865Hardness change, max 10 10 10 C661Ultimate elongation change, max, % 30 30 30 D412Tensile strength change, max, % 20 20 20 D412Volatiles lost, max, % 1 1 1 See 9.3AVolatiles condensible, max, % 0.1 0.1 0.1 See 9.4AResistance to ozone: D1149100 mPa, for 166 h at 40C No cracki
45、ngResistance to low temperature D2137Type C only, max, C 40 40 40Adhesion loss, max, cm2B999C719Resistance to Outdoor or Xenon arc exposure No brittleness, cracking, tackiness, or other deterioration affecting serviceability See 5.2AThis test is not required if the design precludes condensing of the
46、 volatiles on the cover plate(s) of the solar collector.BThe combined loss in bond and cohesion areas for the three specimens tested shall not exceed 9 mm2.D3667 16310. Inspection and Rejection10.1 Class PS MaterialManufacturers of preformed sealsmay use their quality control systems for production
47、inspectionto ensure the seals conform with this specification, providedappropriate records are kept. In case of dispute regarding thequality of a delivered product, a sample of five seals shall betaken from the lot and tested for compliance with this specifi-cation. If one of the five seals does not
48、 conform, a secondsample of five seals may be taken and tested. If two or more ofthe ten seals do not conform, the lot may be rejected.10.2 Class SC MaterialManufacturers may use their qual-ity control systems to ensure production conforms with thisspecification. In case of dispute regarding the qua
49、lity of adelivered product, five test sheets and five adhesion specimensshall be prepared, preferably from five different packages, inaccordance with the instructions supplied with the sealingmaterial. If one of the five sheets or adhesion specimens doesnot conform, an additional five sheets or adhesion specimensmay be prepared and tested. If two or more of the ten sheets oradhesion specimens do not conform, the lot may be rejected.11. Product Marking11.1 The following information shall be marked either onthe seal, packagin
