1、Designation: D3675 14Standard Test Method forSurface Flammability of Flexible Cellular Materials Using aRadiant Heat Energy Source1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3675; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This is a fire test response standard.1.2 This test method describes the measurement of surfacefla
3、mmability of flexible cellular materials.1.3 This standard measures and describes the response ofmaterials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not, by itself, incorporate allfactors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of thematerials, products
4、, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regula
5、tory limitations prior to use.1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-guards for personnel and property shall be employed inconducting these tests.1.6 Specific information about hazards is given in Section 7.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.7 The values state
6、d in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values stated in inch-pound units, in parentheses,are for information only and are approximations (see alsoIEEE/ASTM SI-10).2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE162 Tes
7、t Method for Surface Flammability of MaterialsUsing a Radiant Heat Energy SourceE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE1317 Test Method for Flammability of Marine SurfaceFinishesE1321 Test Method for Determining Material Ignition andFlame Spread PropertiesE1546 Guide for Development of Fire-Hazard-Asses
8、smentStandardsIEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 13943 Fire SafetyVocabulary3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, referto the terminology contained in Terminology E
9、176 andISO 13943. In case of conflict, the definitions given in Termi-nology E176 shall prevail.3.1.2 flame front, nthe leading edge of a flame propagat-ing through a gaseous mixture or across the surface of a liquidor solid.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 flashing, nflame f
10、ronts of three seconds or less induration.3.2.2 radiant panel index, Is,nthe product of the flamespread factor, Fsand the heat evolution factor, Q.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method of measuring surface flammability offlexible cellular materials employs a radiant panel heat sourceconsisti
11、ng of a 300 by 460-mm (12 by 18-in.) panel in front ofwhich an inclined 150 by 460-mm (6 by 18-in.) specimen ofthe material is placed. The orientation of the specimen is suchthat ignition is forced near its upper edge and the flame frontprogresses downward.4.2 Factors derived from the rate of progre
12、ss of the flamefront and the rate of heat liberated by the material under test arecombined to provide a radiant panel index.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties.Current edition appro
13、ved March 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D3675 12. DOI:10.1520/D3675-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards vol
14、ume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Standardization Organization, P.O. Box 56,CH-1211; Geneva 20, Switzerland.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Driv
15、e, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended for use when measuringsurface flammability of flexible cellular materials exposed tofire. The test method provides a laboratory test procedure formeasuring and comparing the surfac
16、e flammability of materialswhen exposed to a prescribed level of radiant heat energy. Thetest is conducted using specimens that are representative, to theextent possible, of the material or assembly being evaluated.For example, if an assembly is required to be tested, suchspecimens shall replicate t
17、he type and thickness of all thelayers present in the assembly being evaluated.5.2 The rate at which flames will travel along surfacesdepends upon the physical and thermal properties of thematerial, product, or assembly under test, the specimen mount-ing method and orientation, the type and level of
18、 fire or heatexposure, the availability of air, and properties of the surround-ing enclosure. (1-6)4, 55.3 Test Method E162 is a generic version of this testmethod, using an apparatus that is substantially the same as theone used in this test method. However, Test Method E162 isnormally intended for
19、 application to specimens other thanflexible cellular materials.5.3.1 The pilot burner in this test method is different fromthe pilot burner in Test Method E162.5.4 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one ormore specific sets of laboratory fire test conditions. If differenttest conditi
20、ons are substituted or the end-use conditions arechanged, it is not always possible by or from this test to predictchanges in the fire-test-response characteristics measured.Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposureconditions described in this procedure.5.5 If the test results
21、 obtained by this test method are to beconsidered as part of an overall assessment of fire hazard in abuilding or structure, then the criteria, concepts and proceduresincorporated into Guide E1546 shall be taken into consider-ation.6. Apparatus6.1 The apparatus shall be essentially as shown in Fig.
22、1 andshall include the following:6.1.1 Radiant Panel with Air and Gas SupplyThe radiantpanel shall consist of a porous refractory material verticallymounted in a cast iron frame, exposing a radiating surface of300 by 460 mm (12 by 18 in.) and shall be capable of operatingat temperatures up to 820C (
23、1500F). The panel shall beequipped (see Fig. 1) with a venturi-type aspirator for mixinggas and air at approximately atmospheric pressure; a centrifu-gal blower, or equivalent, capable of providing 9.4 dm3/s (1200ft3/hour) air at a pressure of 0.7 kPa (2.8 in. water); an air filterto prevent dust fr
24、om obstructing the panel pores; a pressureregulator and a control and shut-off valve for the gas supply.6.1.2 Specimen HolderThe specimen holder shall con-form in shape and dimension to Fig. 2 and be constructed fromheat-resistant chromium steel, or other suitable non-combustible material which will
25、 not be affected by the heatinput during the test. Observation marks shall be filed on thesurface of the specimen holder to correspond with 75-mm(3-in.) interval lines on the specimen.6.1.2.1 The calibration process (see A1.2) shall be con-ducted with the specimen holder to be used in the tests toen
26、sure that the physical characteristics of the constructionmaterial do not affect the test results.6.1.3 Framework for Support of the Specimen HolderTheframework shall have two transverse rods of stainless steel,each 12.5 mm 6 3.0 mm (0.5 6 0.13 in.) in diameter, with astop to center the specimen hol
27、der directly in front of theradiant panel. The support and bracing members shall beconstructed from metal stock. Since the angle of the specimenand its position with respect to the panel are critical, theframework dimensions specifying these conditions shall bewithin 3.0 mm (0.13 in.) of the values
28、given in Fig. 1.6.1.4 Pilot BurnerThe pilot burner shall be a porcelaintube 203-230 mm (8-9 in.) in length, nominally 6.3 mm (0.25in.) in diameter, with two holes 1.5 6 0.1 mm (0.059 6 0.004in.) in diameter equally spaced in the tube (see Fig. 3). Theburner shall be mounted horizontally and at an an
29、gle of 15 to20 to the intersection of the horizontal plane of the burner withthe plane of the specimen with the outlet end of the burnerspaced 32 6 2 mm (1.25 6 0.1 in.) from the specimen (see Fig.3). The pilot shall provide a 150 to 180-mm (6 to 7-in.) flameof acetylene gas premixed with air in an
30、aspirating type fitting.Properly adjusted, the pilot flame shall have 25-mm (1-in.)inner blue cones and should impinge on the upper centralsurface of the specimen within 13 mm (0.5 in.) of the edge ofthe specimen support frame. Flow rates of 0.015 dm3/s (0.032ft3/min) of acetylene and 0.075 dm3/s (0
31、.16 ft3/min) of air havebeen found to provide the desired flame.6.1.5 StackThe stack shall be made from nominally1.0-mm (0.040-in.) sheet steel with shape and dimensions asshown in Fig. 1. The position of the stack with respect to thespecimen and radiant heat panel shall also comply with therequirem
32、ents of Fig. 1.6.1.6 ThermocouplesEight thermocouples of equal resis-tance and connected in parallel shall be mounted in the stackand supported with porcelain insulators as indicated in Fig. 1and Fig. 4. The thermocouples shall be Chromel-Alumel TypeK, shielded against high heat with insulation resi
33、sting up to1200C (2190F), and with wire gages in the range of0.36-0.51 mm (0.14-0.20 in.) (30 AWG-24 AWG) diameter.The mean stack thermocouple temperature rise for unit heatinput rate of the calibration burner, , shall be determinedperiodically for the specific test apparatus, using the procedurein
34、A1.2.6.1.7 Automatic Potentiometer RecorderAn automatic po-tentiometer recorder in the range from 38 to 538C (100 to1000F) shall be installed to record the temperature variationof the stack thermocouples as described in 6.1.6. Alternatively,a computerized data acquisition system shall be permitted t
35、o beused. The data acquisition system shall have facilities to recordthe temperature output from the thermopile. The data acquisi-tion system shall have an accuracy of 0.01 % of the maximum4The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end ofthis standard.5Also see Test Me
36、thod E162.D3675 142temperature to be measured. Whichever system is used, it shallbe capable of recording, or printing, data at least every 5 s fora minimum of 1 h. For cases where preliminary tests indicaterapid flame spread, a system shall be used capable of acquiringdata fast enough to ensure adeq
37、uate results (see 11.6).6.1.8 HoodA hood with exhaust blower placed over thestack is required. Before igniting the panel, but with theexhaust hood operating, the air flow rate through the stack shallproduce a nominal velocity of 0.5 m/s (100 ft/min, 30 m/min).Measurements are to be made either with
38、a hot wire anemom-eter after at least 30 seconds of insertion of the probe into thecenter of the stack at a distance of 152 mm (6 in.) down fromthe top of the stack opening, or with a bi-directional probe orsimilar device at the top of the stack opening. The hot wireMetric Equivalentsmm in. mm in.1.
39、0 0.040 152 612.712 241 91216.058 457 1822.278 492 193844 134 19.1 by 19.34 by3451 2 38by32 112 by 11464 212 305 by 457 12 by 1871 2.8 330 by 483 13 by 19102 4 51by51by3.2 2by2by18111 438 1.3 by 514 by 914 0.050 by 2014 by 36121 434100 cfm 47.21 litres/sFIG. 1 Details of Construction of Test Equipme
40、ntD3675 143anemometer, bi-directional probe or similar device, shall havean accuracy of 60.1 m/s (19 ft/min).6.1.8.1 In order to facilitate the insertion of the hot wireanemometer probe, a hole of adequate diameter to allow itsinsertion shall be pre-drilled through the hood, in the center ofeither o
41、f the 152 mm (6 in.) wide surfaces, so as to preventcontact of the probe with the internal baffles. The hole isintended to be used for insertion of the probe and shall beplugged after the air flow rate has been established and beforetesting.6.1.8.2 The velocity is not critical for flame spread measu
42、re-ments provided a stack thermocouple calibration is performed(see 6.1.6 and A1.2) for the established test conditions. Thehood surfaces shall clear the top and sides of the stack by aminimum of 250 mm (10 in.) and 190 mm (7.5 in.), respec-tively.6.1.8.3 Testing has shown that the air flow rate thr
43、ough thestack, if measured during operating conditions using a bi-directional probe or similar device, produces a velocity ofapproximately 1.3 m/s (250 ft/min).6.1.9 Radiation PyrometerThe radiation pyrometer forstandardizing the thermal output of the panel shall be suitablefor viewing a circular ar
44、ea 250 mm (10 in.) in diameter at arange of about 1.2 m (4 ft). It shall be calibrated over theoperating black body temperature range in accordance with theprocedure described in Annex A1.6.1.10 Portable PotentiometerThe electrical output of theradiation pyrometer shall be monitored by means of a po
45、ten-tiometer provided with a millivolt range suitable for use withthe radiation pyrometer described in 6.1.9. Alternatively, thedata shall be permitted to be recorded with a computerized dataacquisition unit, as discussed in 6.1.7.Metric Equivalentsmm in. mm in.19.034 159 61425 1 433 175832 114 460
46、181876 3 1.6 by 19 by 533116 by34 by 21133 514FIG. 2 Specimen HolderD3675 1446.1.11 TimerThe timer shall be calibrated to read to 0.01min to record the time of events during the test.7. Hazards7.1 Safeguards shall be installed in the panel fuel supplysystem to guard against a gas air fuel explosion
47、in the testchamber. Potential safeguards include, but are not limited to,one or more of the following: a gas feed cut-off activated whenthe air supply fails; a flame sensor directed at the panel surfacethat stops fuel flow when the panel flame goes out; and a heatdetector mounted in contact with the
48、 radiant panel plenum thatis activated when the panel temperature exceeds safe limits.Manual reset is a requirement of any safeguard system used.7.2 The exhaust system must be so designed and operatedthat the laboratory environment is protected from smoke andgas. The operator shall be instructed on
49、ways to minimizeexposure to combustion products by following sound safetyand industrial hygiene practices. For example, ensure that theexhaust system is working properly and wear appropriateclothing including gloves, safety glasses, breathing apparatus(when hazardous fumes are expected).7.3 During this test, very high heat fluxes and high tempera-tures are generated that are capable of igniting some clothingfollowing even brief exposures. Precautions shall be taken toavoid ignitions of this type.8. Test Specimens8.1 The test specime
