1、Designation: D 3690 02Standard Performance Specification forVinyl-Coated and Urethane-Coated Upholstery FabricsIndoor1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3690; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This performance specification covers performance re-quirements for vinyl-coated and urethane-coated upholster
3、yfabrics produced with woven, knit, or nonwoven substrateswhich are used in the manufacture of new indoor furniture.1.2 This performance specification is not applicable tofabrics used in porch, deck, or lawn furniture; nor for plain knitfabrics and plain, tufted, or flocked, woven upholstery fabrics
4、.1.3 These requirements apply to the length and widthdirections for those properties where fabric direction is perti-nent.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5、priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD 1175 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of TextileFabrics (Oscillatory
6、Cylinder and Uniform AbrasionMethod)3D 1203 Test Methods for Volatile Loss from Plastics UsingActivated Carbon MethodsD 2097 Methods of Flex Testing of Finish on UpholsteryLeatherD 2136 Test Method for Coated FabricsLow-Temperature Bend TestD 2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimensfor Te
7、xtilesD 3884 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of TextileFabrics (Rotary Platform, Double Head Method)D 4157 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of TextileFabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)D 5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongationof Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)2.2 AATCC Test Method
8、s:48 Colorfastness to Crocking: AATCC Crockmeter Method16 Colorfastness to Light116 Colorfastness to Crocking: Rotary Vertical CrockmeterMethodEvaluation Procedure 1 Gray Scale for Color ChangeEvaluation Procedure 3 Chromatic Transference Scale2.3 Chemical Fabrics and Film Association Standards:5CFF
9、A-5 Test for BlockingCFFA-20 Test for Tearing Strength, Procedure BTongueMethodNOTE 1Reference to test methods in this specification give only thepermanent part of the designation of ASTM, AATCC, or other testmethods. The current editions of each test method cited shall prevail.3. Terminology3.1 Def
10、initions:3.1.1 blocking, nthe measurement of the development ofsurface tack and the thermal softening point of the material.3.1.2 hydrolytic stability, nthe ability to withstand theenvironmental effects of high humidity.3.1.3 tack tear, nthe measurement of the resistance of acoated fabric to tearing
11、 under conditions simulating an instal-lation that has been tacked in place.3.1.3.1 DiscussionTack tear is intended primarily fortesting vinyl-coated fabrics for furniture or automotive appli-cations.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology D 123 and
12、 to the TechnicalManual of the American Association of Textile Chemists andColorists.41This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.63 on HomeFurnishings.Current edition April 10, 2002. Published July 2002. Origina
13、lly published asD 3690 78. Last previous edition D 3690 95a(2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM web
14、site.3DiscontinuedReplaced by D 4157 and D 4158, Annual Book of ASTMStandards, Vol 07.01.4Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O.Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.5Available from Chemical Fabrics and Film Association, 1230 Keith Bldg.,Cleveland, OH 44115
15、.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Significance and Use4.1 Fabrics intended for this end-use should meet all therequirements listed in Table 1.4.2 It should be recognized that fabric can be producedutilizing an almos
16、t infinite number of combinations of con-struction variables (e.g., type of fibers, percentage of fibers,yarn twist, yarn number, warp and pick count, chemical andmechanical finished). Additionally, fashion and aesthetics dic-tate that the ultimate consumer may find acceptable articlesmade from fabr
17、ics that do not conform to all of the require-ments in Table 1.4.2.1 Hence, no single performance specification can possi-bly apply to all the various fabrics that could be utilized for thisend-use.4.3 The uses and significance of particular properties andtest methods are discussed in the appropriat
18、e sections of thespecified methods.5. Performance Requirements5.1 The properties of vinyl-coated or urethane-coated up-holstery fabrics shall conform to the specification requirementsof one of the three categories in Table 1.6. Test Methods (see Note 1)6.1 Breaking ForceDetermine the dry breaking fo
19、rce inthe standard atmosphere for testing textiles, as directed in TestMethod D 5034, using a constant- rate- of- extension (CRE)tensile testing machine.6.2 Tongue Tear StrengthDetermine tongue tear strengthas directed in Procedure B of CFFA Method 20 using a CRTtensile testing machine.6.3 Tack-Tear
20、 ResistanceDetermine the tack-tear resis-tance as directed in Sections 43 to 47 of Test Methods D 751.6.4 Adhesion of Coating to Substrate:6.4.1 Determine the adhesion of coating to substrate asdirected in Sections 39 to 42 of Test Methods D 751, with thespeed of the pulling clamp at 12 612 in. (305
21、 6 13 mm)/min.6.4.2 Report adhesion in pounds-force per inch (newtonsper metre) of width.6.5 Surface Abrasion:6.5.1 Determine the surface abrasion as directed in Sections33 to 42 of Test Methods D 4157.6.5.2 After 200 cycles, the test specimens are rated visuallyfor color change.6.6 Resistance to Fl
22、exingDetermine the resistance toflexing as directed in Methods D 2097 with the specimensmounted face side out.6.7 Blocking at Elevated Temperature Determine theblocking at elevated temperature as directed in CFFA Method5.6.8 Resistance to Cracking at Low TemperatureDetermine the resistance to cracki
23、ng at low temperature asdirected in Test Method D 2136 with the cold chambertemperature at 10 6 1F (23 6 1C).6.9 Colorfastness:TABLE 1 Performance RequirementsPropertyRequirementsSectionGrade A Grade B Grade CBreaking strength (load) (CRT Method):A6.1LengthWidth244 N (55 lbf), min244 N (55 lbf), min
24、222 N (50 lbf), min222 N (50 lbf), min200 N (45 lbf), min178 N (40 lbf), minTongue tear strength (CRT Method)A6.2LengthWidth27 N (6 lbf), min22 N (5 lbf), min18 N (4 lbf), min13 N (3 lbf), min13 N (3 lbf), min9 N (2 lbf), minTack-tear resistance: 6.3LengthWidth133 N (30 lbf), min133 N (30 lbf), min1
25、11 N (25 lbf), min89 N (20 lbf), min67 N (15 lbf), min67 N (15 lbf), minAdhesion of coating to substrate 525 N/m (3.0 lbf/in.),min525 N/m (3.0 lbf/in.),min525 N/m (3.0 lbf/in.),min6.4Surface abrasion no appreciable color change at 200 cycles, grade A, B, and C 6.5Resistance to flexing no cracking or
26、 delamination at 15 000 cycles, grade A, B, and C 6.6Blocking at elevated temperature rating 2, min, no blocking; coating adheres slightly,grade A, B, and C 6.7Resistance to cracking at low temperature no cracking at 106 1F (23 6 1C), grade A, B, and C 6.8Colorfastness to crocking:B6.9.1DryWetgrade
27、4.0 minCgrade 4.0 minCgrade 4.0 minCgrade 4.0 minCgrade 4.0 minCgrade 4.0 minCColorfastness to light (xenon)A(120 AATCC fadingunits)Step 4 minDStep 4 minDStep 4 minD6.9.2Loss of plasticizer 10 % max 10 % max 10 % max 6.10Hydrolytic stability: 6.11Adhesion must maintain 75 % of original strength, gra
28、de A, B, and C 6.11.3.1Surface abrasion no cracking or delamination at 25 000 cycles, grade A, B, and C 6.11.3.2Resistance to flexing no breaks in coating at 15 000 cycles, grade A, B, and C 6.11.3.3Flammability pass pass pass 6.12AThere is more than one standard test method that can be used to meas
29、ure breaking strength, tongue tear strength, and lightfastness. These test methods cannot beused interchangeably since there may be no overall correlation between them (see Note 2).Bgrade in b and c is based on a numerical scale of 5 for negligible color transfer or color change to 1 for very severe
30、 color transfer or color change. The numerical ratingin Table 1 or higher is acceptable.CAATCC 8step Chromatic Transference Scale.DAATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.D36900226.9.1 CrockingDetermine the colorfastness to wet and drycrocking as directed in AATCC Test Method 8 for solid shadesand AATCC T
31、est Method 116 for prints.6.9.2 LightDetermine the colorfastness to light as di-rected in AATCC Test Method 16.NOTE 2There are distinct differences in spectral distribution betweenthe various types of machines listed in AATCC Test Method 16, with nooverall correlations between them. Consequently, th
32、ese machines cannotbe used interchangeably. In case of controversy, results obtained with thewater-cooled xenon-arc machine listed in Option E shall prevail.NOTE 3Standardization of the xenon-arc lamp to 120 AATCC Fu canbe done by using three L5 Blue Wool Lightfastness Standards.6.10 Loss of Plastic
33、izer from Plastics (Activated CarbonMethod)Determine the loss of plasticizer as directed inMethod A of Test Methods D 1203.NOTE 4The loss of plasticizer test only applies to vinyl-coatedfabrics.6.11 Hydrolytic StabilityThe following tests cover accel-erated determinations of changes that might occur
34、 when coatedfabrics are subjected to a combination of specific conditions ofelevated temperature and high humidity. These tests are in-tended to detect changes that may occur in the coating whichwould reduce the surface abrasion resistance, change theadhesion of the coating to the substrate, or alte
35、r the resistanceof the coating to cracking or delamination due to flexing inrelation to end-use performance.NOTE 5Moisture alone can also cause hydrolytic degradation in thecoating of these fabrics.6.11.1 Apparatus:6.11.1.1 Laboratory Chamber, capable of maintaining therequired test temperature with
36、in 62F (61C) and maintainingthe relative humidity of the test within 65%.6.11.1.2 Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Tensile TestingMachine, with the speed of the pulling jaw at 12 612 in. (3056 13 mm)/min as described in Test Methods D 751.6.11.1.3 Oscillatory Cylinder Abrasion Tester, as describedin
37、Test Methods D 1175.6.11.1.4 Newark Flex Tester, as described in MethodsD 2097 69(1974).6.11.2 Test SpecimensThe sample to be exposed to hightemperatures and humidity shall be a panel large enough toprovide the specimens required for the following tests;6.11.2.1 AdhesionFour specimens, 2 in. (51 mm)
38、 wide by8 in. (203 mm) long shall be cut, two of which shall have thelonger dimensions parallel to the lengthwise direction of thefabric; and the other two specimens shall be cut with the longdimension parallel to the widthwise direction of the fabric.Adhesion shall be reported as the value per inch
39、 of width.6.11.2.2 Surface AbrasionThree specimens in the fabriclength direction, each measuring 178 in. (48 mm) wide by 9 in.(229 mm) long with the long dimension cut parallel to thefabric length direction.6.11.2.3 Resistance to FlexingPrepare two specimensmeasuring 3 by 4.5 in. (76 by 114 mm); one
40、 in the lengthwisedirection and the other in the crosswise direction.6.11.3 ProcedureExpose the large sample of coated fab-ric, from which test specimens will be taken, in the humiditychamber at 158 6 2F (70 6 1C) and 95 6 5 % relativehumidity for 15 days. Following this exposure, condition thesampl
41、e for 24 h at 70 6 2F (21 6 1.1C) and 65 6 2%relative humidity. After conditioning for 2 h, cut the specimensfor adhesion, surface abrasion, and flex testing in accordancewith the sizes given in 6.11.2.6.11.3.1 AdhesionDetermine the adhesion as directed inSections 39 to 42 of Test Methods D 751 with
42、 the speed of thepulling clamp at 12 612 in. (305 6 13 mm)/min.6.11.3.2 Surface AbrasionDetermine the surface abrasionas directed in Sections 26 to 29 of Test Methods D 1175(Oscillatory Cylinder Method), with the following modifica-tions:NOTE 6The Oscillatory Cylinder Method of Test Methods D 1175 i
43、sspecified due to the historical usage of this method by furniture manufac-turers; and one by which they have accumulated much data which,reportedly, has correlated with end-use performance in certain cases.Nonetheless, Section 5 of Test Methods D 1175 states that the procedureis not recommended for
44、 acceptance testing. Consequently, the testrequirements for this performance factor should be used with caution, withthe knowledge that different fabrics will not always be ranked by this testin the same order as by actual abrasive wear which takes place on specificpieces of furniture.(a) The abrade
45、nt to be used is a desized and bleached 100 % cottonsateen fabric,653 in. (135 cm) wide with a thread count of 96 by 60 andhaving a yield of 1.12 yd/lb (2.3 m/kg). Expose the face side of the fabricto the coated fabric being abraded.(b) The tension on the specimen shall be 4 lbf (18 N) and thecompre
46、ssion force shall be 3 lbf (13 N).(c) Give the specimen 25 000 double rubs (cycles).6.11.3.3 Resistance to FlexingDetermine the resistance toflexing as directed in Methods D 2097, with the specimensmounted face side out. Flex the specimen for 15 000 cycles andthen remove from the machine for examina
47、tion.6.11.4 Report of Hydrolytic Stability ParametersReportthe vinyl-coated or urethane-coated specimens tested for hy-drolytic stability with respect to adhesion, surface abrasion,and resistance to flexing as follows:6.11.4.1 AdhesionAverage the values of adhesion for thetwo specimens tested in eac
48、h direction. Calculate L, the percentloss, using Eq 1:L 5 100 O 2 H!/O (1)where:O = adhesion of original fabric, andH = adhesion after hydrolytic stability treatment.6.11.4.2 Surface AbrasionReport whether or not the skincoat has “breaks” or other surface changes.6.11.4.3 Resistance to FlexingReport
49、 whether or not thecoating shows evidence of cracking or delamination from thebase fabric.6.11.5 Precision and Accuracy:6.11.5.1 PrecisionThe precision of the procedures inhydrolytic stability for testing adhesion, surface abrasion, andflex abrasion have not been established.6.11.5.2 AccuracyNo justifiable statements can be madeabout the accuracy of the procedures in hydrolytic stability for6Available from Testfabrics Inc., P.O. Box 118, Middlesex, NJ 08846.D3690023testing adhesion, surface abrasion, and resistance to fl
