1、Designation: D3699 13b1D3699 18Standard Specification forKerosineKerosene1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3699; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses
2、 indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1 NOTESubsection X1.1.1 was corrected editorially in February 2015.1. Scope*1.1 Th
3、is specification covers two grades of kerosinekerosene suitable for use in critical kerosinekerosene burner applications:1.1.1 No. 1-KA special low-sulfur grade kerosinekerosene suitable for use in nonflue-connected kerosinekerosene burnerappliances and for use in wick-fed illuminating lamps.1.1.2 N
4、o. 2-KA regular grade kerosinekerosene suitable for use in flue-connected burner appliances and for use in wick-fedilluminating lamps.1.2 This specification is intended for use in purchasing, as a reference for industry and governmental standardization, and asa source of technical information.1.3 Th
5、is specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the requiredproperties of kerosinekerosene at the time and place of custody transfer.NOTE 1The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of kerosines
6、.kerosenes. For more information on thesubject, see Guide D4865.1.4 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are includ
7、ed in this standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Tech
8、nical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Produc
9、ts by Copper Strip TestD156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)D187 Test Method for Burning Quality of KeroseneD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in
10、 Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)D2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3227 Test Me
11、thod for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in Gasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels (PotentiometricMethod)D3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup TesterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants1 This specification is under the jur
12、isdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2013May 1, 2018. Published November 2013August 2018. Originally ap
13、proved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2013 asD3699 13a.D3699 13b1. DOI: 10.1520/D3699-13BE01.10.1520/D3699-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refe
14、r to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all cha
15、nges accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Ba
16、rr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD4952 Test Meth
17、od for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5901 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviatio
18、n Fuels (Automated Optical Method) (Withdrawn 2010)3D5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Phase Transition Method)D6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel SystemsD7094 Test Method for Flash Point by Modified Continuously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) TesterD7220 Te
19、st Method for Sulfur inAutomotive, Heating, and Jet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-ray FluorescenceSpectrometryD7344 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Mini Method)D7345 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liqui
20、d Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro DistillationMethod)2.2 Energy Institute Standard:4IP 10 Burning Test24 Hour, Standard Methods for Analysis and Testing of Petroleum and Related Products, Vol 12.3 Other Documents:526 CFR Part 48 Diesel Fuel Excise Tax; Dye, Color, and Concentration3. Terminolog
21、y3.1 See Terminology D4175 for terms used in this standard.4. General Requirements4.1 KerosineKerosene shall be a refined petroleum distillate consisting of a homogeneous mixture of hydrocarbons essentiallyfree of water, inorganic acidic or basic compounds, and excessive amounts of particulate conta
22、minants. Additive usage can beestablished by mutual agreement of the supplier and the purchaser.5. Detailed Requirements5.1 The kerosinekerosene shall conform to the detailed requirements prescribed in Table 1.5.2 The kerosinekerosene shall conform to the following requirements when tested for burni
23、ng quality as specified:5.2.1 Time of BurningA minimum of 16 h 16 h continuous burning after the first weighing shall be required.5.2.2 Rate of BurningAfter the first weighing, the rate of burning shall be 1818 gh to 2626 g g/h h with Test Method IP 10.5.2.3 Appearance of Chimney at End of TestsThe
24、chimney shall have no more than a light, white deposit.5.2.4 Flame Characteristics at End of TestAt the end of test, the width of the flame shall not vary by more than 6 mm, andthe height of the flame shall not have lowered by more than 5 mm 5 mm from the respective measurements recorded at the star
25、tof the test.NOTE 2The significance of ASTM specifications for kerosinekerosene is discussed in Appendix X1.6. Test Methods6.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shall be determined in accordance with the following ASTM methodsexcept as noted.6.1.1 Flash PointTest Method D56, except w
26、here other methods are prescribed by law. Test Method D3828 and D7094 maybe used as an alternative with the same limits. In case of a dispute, Test Method D56 shall be used as the referee method.6.1.2 DistillationDistillation shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods D86, D2887or, D2887D73
27、44, or D7345.Results from Test Method D2887 shall be reported as “Predicted D86” results by application of the correlation inAppendix X5X4of Test Method D2887 to convert the values. Results from Test Method D7344 shall be reported as “Predicted D86” results byapplication of the corrections described
28、 in Test Method D7344 to improve agreement with D86 values. Results from Test MethodD7345 shall be reported as “Predicted D86” results by application of the corrections described in Test Method D7345 to improveagreement with D86 values. In case of dispute, Test Method D86 shall be used as the refere
29、e test method.66.1.3 ViscosityTest Method D445.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIGW1G 7AR, U.K.U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.5 Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Gove
30、rnment Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.6 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1553. Contact ASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.D3699 1826.1.4 SulfurTest Method D2622. Test Methods D1266, D4294, or D5453
31、 may also be used.Alternatively, Test Method D7220may be used if the sulfur result is less than 942942 mg mg/kg or 0.094 mass %. kg or 0.094 % by mass. In case of a dispute, TestMethod D2622 is the referee sulfur test method for this specification.6.1.5 Mercaptan SulfurTest Method D3227.6.1.6 Copper
32、 Strip CorrosionTest Method D130, 3 h 3 h test at 100C.100 C.6.1.7 Freezing PointTest Method D2386.Automatic Test Methods D5901 and D5972 can be used as alternates with the samelimits. In case of a dispute, Test Method D2386 shall be used as referee.6.1.8 Burning QualityTest Method D187.6.1.9 Saybol
33、t ColorTest Method D156.7. Keywords7.1 fuel oil; kerosine;kerosene; petroleum and petroleum productsAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SIGNIFICANCE OF STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR KEROSINEKEROSENEX1.1 ColorAn indication of the overall purity of the product, and is a useful parameter in ensuring th
34、e freedom from tracecontamination with heavier products which may render the kerosinekerosene to be unsuitable for designated critical applications.KerosineKerosene that is subjected to long term storage, excessive heat, or both, particularly in summer storage in above groundtanks, can become unsuit
35、able for use due to degradation and associated loss of Saybolt Color quality. Some contaminants canadversely affect the performance of kerosine,kerosene, particularly in wick-fed, unvented applications like 1-K space heaters.Detection of these contaminants may require additional testing, such as sul
36、fur content or distillation. Unless gross contaminationis present, these tests may not readily identify the presence of contamination.X1.1.1 Red DyeKerosineKerosene sold exempt from federal motor fuel excise tax sold from terminals may contain the dyeSolvent Red 164 at a concentration spectrally equ
37、ivalent to at least 3.9 lb 3.9 lb of the solid dye standard Solvent Red 164 perthousand barrels of kerosine,kerosene, where required in the United States of America (for example, by 26 CFR Part 48). If clear,undyed fuel is desired for tax-exempt applications, the Internal Revenue Service has provide
38、d other options, such as blockedTABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for KerosineKeroseneProperty ASTMTest Method LimitAFlash Point C, min D56 38Distillation temperature, C D8610 % volume recovered, max 205Final boiling point, max 300Kinematic viscosity at 40C, mm2/s D445Kinematic viscosity at 40 C, mm2/s
39、D445min 1.0max 1.9Sulfur, % mass D2622No. 1-K, max 0.04No. 2-K, max 0.30Mercaptan sulfur, % mass, maxB D3227 0.003Copper strip corrosion rating max,3 h at 100CD130 No. 3Copper strip corrosion rating max,3 h at 100 CD130 No. 3Freezing point, C, max D2386 30Burn QualityTime of Burning D187 Minimum 16
40、h continuous after first weighingRate of Burning IP 10 18 g/h to 26 g/h after first weighingChimney Appearance D187 Maximum light white deposit (at end of test)Flame Characteristics(comparison of properties from beginningand end of test)D187 Maximum variance of flame width 6 mmMaximum variance of fl
41、ame height lowered 5 mmSaybolt color, min D156 +16CA To meet special operating conditions, modifications of individual limiting requirements, except sulfur, can be agreed upon among purchaser, seller and manufacturer.B The Mercaptan sulfur determination can be waived if the fuel is considered sweet
42、by Test Method D4952.C Appendixes X1.1 and X1.12 contain additional information on color, red dye, and potential application problems.D3699 183pumps, for consideration. The addition of red dye makes it more difficult to detect contamination by visual inspection.KerosineKerosene subjected to dying mu
43、st meet the minimum Saybolt Color of +16 prior to the introduction of red dye.X1.2 Mercaptan SulfurMercaptans are limited to preclude undesirable side-reactions and to minimize the unpleasant odor.X1.3 Doctor TestThe doctor test is an indirect indication of Mercaptan levels.X1.4 SulfurLimited sulfur
44、 content of kerosinekerosene may be required for special uses or to meet legal requirements for sulfurdioxide emissions.X1.5 Distillation An indication of the volatility of a fuel. The maximum 10 % and final boiling point limits specified establisha suitable boiling range to readily vaporize the ker
45、osinekerosene in normal applications.X1.6 Flash PointThe flash point of kerosinekerosene is used primarily as an index of fire hazards. The minimum permissibleflash point is usually regulated by federal, state, or municipal laws and is based on accepted practice in handling and use.X1.7 Freezing Poi
46、ntThe temperature at which crystals of hydrocarbons formed on cooling disappear when the temperature ofthe fuel is allowed to rise. The waxy crystals may clog the wick in wick-fed systems and can block filter passages in fuel handlingsystems.X1.8 Viscosity The measure of internal resistance to flow,
47、 and an indication of flowability and lubricity.X1.9 Burning QualityAn indication of the kerosinekerosene performance in critical applications. The inherent burning qualitypotential of the bulk fuel, as determined by conventional parameters such as smoke point, luminometer number, or hydrogencontent
48、, cannot always be fully realized due to the adverse overriding effect of trace quantities of certain sulfur, oxygen, or nitrogencompounds that can be present in some kerosines.kerosenes. Thus, the burning quality of kerosinekerosene must be evaluated bydesignation of a suitable bench-type burning t
49、est.X1.9.1 Burning tests are essentially performance tests and are a direct method for determining the quality of the kerosineskero-senes for the specific purpose for which they are intended. However, it is not possible to make tests in all kinds of commercialequipment, or under all the combinations of such factors as location, time, temperature, humidity, air currents, and cleanliness.These difficulties are partially overcome by selecting equipment for the burning test that is known to be severe (Test MethodD187), and by exte
