1、Designation: D 3745 95 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Practice forInstallation of Prefabricated Asphalt Reservoir, Pond, Canal,and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3745; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the description of suitable materialsand procedures fo
3、r installing prefabricated asphalt reservoir,pond, canal, and ditch liner (exposed type).1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practice
4、s and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D5 Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous MaterialsD6 Test Method for Loss on Heating of Oil and AsphalticCompoundsD36 Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball App
5、aratus)D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup TesterD113 Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous MaterialsD 312 Specification for Asphalt Used in RoofingD 2042 Test Method for Solubility of Asphalt Materials inTrichloroethyleneD 2643 Specification for Prefabricated Asphalt Re
6、servoir,Pond, Canal, and Ditch Liner (Exposed Type)D 2822 Specification for Asphalt Roof Cement, Asbestos-Containing3. Terminology3.1 There are no terms in this practice that require new orother dictionary definitions.4. Significance and Use4.1 The practices described are only for water bearingreser
7、voirs, ponds, canals, and ditches.5. Materials5.1 The materials needed for the installation consist of thelining sheets, a joint sealant (either a hot-mopped asphalt or acold-applied asphalt mastic type), and batten or cover strips forthe joints between sheets; all of which are manufactured forcompa
8、tibility to prevent exudation.5.2 The lining sheets should conform to SpecificationD 2643.5.3 The hot-mopped asphalt joint sealant should conform toone of the following specifications:5.3.1 Specification D 312, Types II, III, or IV.5.3.1.1 The choice of which type of roofing asphalt to usefor a part
9、icular application will be influenced by climaticconditions and must be determined by the installer.5.3.2 An asphalt manufactured to the requirements in Table1.5.3.3 Test MethodsThe properties specified in Table 1may be determined as follows:5.3.3.1 Flash PointTest Method D92.5.3.3.2 Softening Point
10、Test Method D36.5.3.3.3 PenetrationTest Method D5.5.3.3.4 DuctilityTest Method D113.5.3.3.5 Weight LossTest Method D6.5.3.3.6 Asphalt Soluble in TrichloroethyleneTest MethodD 2042.5.4 The cold-applied joint sealant should meet the require-ments of Specification D 2822 and should have the approval of
11、the manufacturer of the lining material.1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing andWaterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.20 on RoofingMembrane Systems.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006. Published December 2006. Originallyapproved in 1
12、978. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 3745 95 (2000)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM web
13、site.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.5 The batten or cover strips should meet the requirementsof Specification D 2643, except with a minimum thickness of8 mm (5/16 in.) and a width of 203 mm (8 in.), unless othermat
14、erials or thicknesses are recommended by the lining manu-facturer or agreed upon between the purchaser and seller.6. Preparation of Subgrade6.1 Prepare the subgrade, whether soil, brick, concrete, orother substrate, by whatever means are necessary to removeany irregularities that might puncture or d
15、eform the lining.6.2 The subgrade should be designed to support the load ofthe particular installation under consideration. Compaction ofthe soil to give a minimum 95 % modified proctor density isrecommended.7. Cleaning the Liner Sheets7.1 Remove parting material from the lining prior to instal-lati
16、on. The cleaning equipment required will be determined bythe type of parting material used to separate the sheets duringshipment. Removal of some parting material may simply meanlifting off a sheet of paper or plastic. Other parting material,such as sand or mica, may require vigorous brushing withpo
17、wer equipment.7.2 CautionIf loose powdery material is involved, con-duct the cleaning process outside the installation area and wearsuitable protective equipment to prevent damage to the eyes orthe respiratory system.8. Installation of Bottom Lining in a Reservoir or Pond8.1 Lay the lining sheets in
18、 any pattern agreeable to thepurchaser and the installer. The following pattern has provensuccessful:8.1.1 Place a row of lining sheets on a line near the centerand parallel to the long side of the reservoir or pond. Lay thesheets end-to-end using butt-joints.8.1.2 Butt-joint succeeding rows adjacen
19、t to the first row,with transverse joints offset to the approximate midpoint of thesheets of each adjacent row.8.2 Seal the transverse and longitudinal joints using battenor cover strips and joint sealant. Use battens at least 305 mm(12 in.) longer than the joint to be covered. The ends oflongitudin
20、al cover strips should be overlapped 150 mm (6 in.)about midway between alternating perpendicular butt joints ofthe lining sheets.8.2.1 Apply joint sealant along all joints at least as wide asthe cover strips. If sealant application is by any method otherthan pouring (for example, mopping, troweling
21、, or spraying),apply another coat of sealant to the underside of the coverstrips.8.2.2 Position and press the cover strips immediately beforethe joint sealant solidifies. Apply sufficient pressure to forceout some of the sealant all along the edges.8.2.3 Point the ends of the batten strips with cold
22、 asphaltmastic or overmop with sealant.9. Installation on Side Slope of a Reservoir or Pond9.1 Do not attempt this type of installation on inclinesgreater than 50 % (1 unit of rise for each 2 horizontal units).9.2 Position all sheets on slopes with their long dimensionparallel to the slope.9.3 Lay o
23、r trim all bottom sheets so that all joints are at least0.3 m (1 ft) up the slope or 0.3 m from the end of the slope onthe bottom. The joint on the bottom is preferred.9.4 Continue up the slope and at least1m(3ft)over theberm, following the method of installation described in 8.1.2and 8.2.10. Instal
24、lation in Corners of Side Slopes of a Reservoiror Pond10.1 Follow the same general procedure used with compo-sition shingles in the valley area of a roof.10.2 Where the end of a sheet from one side meets the sideof a sheet from the adjoining side of the reservoir, trim the endso that it makes a neat
25、, tightly butted joint.10.2.1 Where corners are formed by gradual curves, inter-secting joints may be in any position.10.2.2 Where corners are angular or of small radius, planwork so that intersecting joints are not in the angular areas.11. Installation of Lining in Canals, Ditches, and CertainReser
26、voirs11.1 In structures where flows are involved, lap the linersheets rather than butting them.11.1.1 Lay all upstream sheets of liner so they overlapdownstream sheets, shingle fashion, by at least 150 mm (6 in.).11.1.2 Stagger transverse lap joints; that is, transverse lapjoints in one row of sheet
27、s should not coincide with thetransverse lap joints in an adjacent row.11.2 Thoroughly seal all lapped joints with joint sealant inthe same manner described for batten strips in 8.2.12. Sealing Reservoir, Pond, Canal, and Ditch LinersAround Penetrations12.1 When concrete foundations, piers, or pipin
28、g supports,etc., are poured, provide at least a 150 mm (6 in.) wide, 100mm (4 in.) thick apron in the same plane as the surroundingsurface for sealing the lining in place.12.1.1 Prior to pouring the foundations, piers, or supports, iffixed structures such as pipes will pass through or bear againstth
29、em, apply a light coating of asphalt sealing mastic (coldapplication) at the points where contact with the concrete willoccur.TABLE 1 Requirements for AsphaltProperty min maxFlash point, C (F) 218 (425) .Softening point, C (F) 96 (205) 107 (225)Penetration at 25C (77F), 100 g, 5 s 25 to 40Penetratio
30、n at 0C (32F), 200 g, 60 s 15 .Penetration at 46C (115F), 50 g, 5 s . 75Ductility at 25C (77F), 5 cm/min, cm 30 .Mass loss at 163C (325F), 5 h, % . 1Penetration at 25C (77F) of residuefrommass loss, compared to penetrationbefore 25C (7F) of residue fromheating, %60 .Asphalt soluble in trichloroethyl
31、ene, % 98 .D 3745 95 (2006)212.2 If pipes or other like structures will penetrate thelining, concrete collars should be provided at the interface. Thecollars should be at least 300 mm (12 in.) larger in diameterthan the penetrating structure and at least 100 mm (4 in.) thick.12.2.1 Thoroughly coat t
32、he surface between the pipe and thecollar with the cold-applied mastic.12.3 For cinching purposes, set 13 by 130-mm (0.5 by 5 in.)anchor bolts approximately 75 mm (3 in.) into the concreteapron and space about 0.3-m (12-in.) on centers. (Power-drivenpins with galvanized metal strips may also be used
33、.)12.4 Give particular care to the compaction of the soil orother fill around each concrete structure.12.5 Before sealing the sheets to the concrete apron, primethe apron with an asphalt primer recommended by the manu-facturer of the lining.12.6 Trim all lining sheets to fit around all penetrations.
34、 Ifanchor bolts are being used, make appropriate holes.12.6.1 After all material is trimmed and ready to lay inplace, coat the concrete apron or collar with joint sealant andimmediately lay the sheets, pressing firmly into place.12.6.2 Where cinching bolts have been used, place battenstrips either 2
35、5 mm (1 in.) thick by 75 mm (3 in.) wideredwood, or 6 mm (0.25 in.) thick by 50 mm (2 in.) widecorrosion-resistant metal with appropriate holes over the boltsand secure with nuts to fit the bolts.12.6.3 Point all joints and edges with cold mastic orovermop with hot-applied joint sealant.12.6.4 Seal
36、and point the lining around all penetrationsusing a stiff, cold-applied mastic with a minimum of a 40-mm(11/2-in.) throat.13. Berm Anchoring13.1 Extend the lining1m(3ft)above the top of the wallsof the installation. This lining material is required for anchor-ing along the berm.13.2 Approximately 0.
37、6 m (2 ft) after the breakover at thetop of the berm, dig a narrow, V-shaped ditch approximately0.3 m (1 ft) deep.13.3 Shape the berm so that a minimum 0.3-m (1-ft ) radiusis formed in the lining when it is placed in the bottom of theditch.13.4 Drive wooden or steel pins 0.5 m (18 in.) long onapprox
38、imately 1-m (3-ft) centers near the end of the liningsheets and within the ditch itself.13.5 Then backfill the anchoring ditch with soil and thor-oughly compact it.14. Keywords14.1 asphalt prefabricated sheet; canal; ditch; installation;liner; pond; reservoirASTM International takes no position resp
39、ecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This s
40、tandard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Interna
41、tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown bel
42、ow.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 3745 95 (2006)3
