1、Designation: D 3763 08Standard Test Method forHigh Speed Puncture Properties of Plastics Using Load andDisplacement Sensors1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3763; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of punctureproperties of rigid plastics over a range of test v
3、elocities.1.2 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant andappropriate for use in engineering design.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibi
4、lity of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1This specification does not closely conform to ISO 6603.2.The only similarity between the two tests is that they are both instru-mente
5、d impact tests. The differences in striker, fixture, and specimengeometries and in test velocity can produce significantly different testresults.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1600 Terminology for
6、 Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Mate-rialsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 6603.2 PlasticsDetermination of Multiaxial ImpactBehavior of Rigid Plastics Part
7、2: Instrumented PunctureTest3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions see Terminology D 883and for abbreviations see Terminology D 1600.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is designed to provide load versusdeformation response of plastics under essentially multiaxialdeformation conditions
8、 at impact velocities. This test methodfurther provides a measure of the rate sensitivity of the materialto impact.4.2 Multiaxial impact response, while partly dependent onthickness, does not necessarily have a linear correlation withspecimen thickness. Therefore, results should be comparedonly for
9、specimens of essentially the same thickness, unlessspecific responses versus thickness formulae have been estab-lished for the material.4.3 For many materials, there may be a specification thatrequires the use of this test method, but with some proceduralmodifications that take precedence when adher
10、ing to thespecification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that materialspecification before using this test method. Table 1 of Classi-fication System D 4000 lists theASTM materials standards thatcurrently exist.5. Interferences5.1 Inertial Effects A loading function encountered whenperforming
11、an instrumented impact test that may, in somecases, confuse the interpretation of the test data. For furtherdefinition and examples of inertial effects, refer to AppendixX1.6. Apparatus6.1 The testing machine shall consist of two assemblies, onefixed and the other driven by a suitable method to achi
12、eve therequired impact velocity (that is, hydraulic, pneumatic, me-chanical, or gravity):6.1.1 Clamp Assembly, consisting of two parallel rigidplates with a 76.0 6 3.0 mm diameter hole in the center of1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct resp
13、onsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originallyapproved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 3763 - 06.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer
14、Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the en
15、d of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.each. The hole edges shall be rounded to a radius of 0.8 6 0.4mm. Sufficient force must be applied (mechanically, pneumati-cally, or hydraulically) to prevent slippage
16、 of the specimen inthe clamp during impact.6.1.2 Plunger Assembly, consisting of a 12.70 6 0.13 mmdiameter steel rod with a hemispherical end of the samediameter positioned perpendicular to, and centered on, theclamp hole.6.1.3 Other Geometries The dimensions given in 6.1.1and 6.1.2 shall be the sta
17、ndard geometry. If other plunger orhole sizes are used they shall be highlighted in the report.Correlations between various geometries have not been estab-lished.6.1.4 Load Sensing SystemA load cell of sufficiently highnatural resonance frequency, as described in A1.1, used to-gether with a calibrat
18、ing network for adjusting load sensitivity.6.1.5 Plunger Displacement Measurement SystemAmeans of monitoring the displacement of the moving assemblyduring the loading and complete penetration of the specimen.This can be accomplished through the use of a suitabletransducer or potentiometer attached d
19、irectly to the system.Photographic or optical systems can also be utilized formeasuring displacement.6.1.5.1 Alternatively, displacement may be calculated as afunction of velocity and total available energy at initial impact,along with increments of load versus time, using a micropro-cessor.6.1.5.2
20、Some machines use an accelerometer, whose outputis used to calculate both load and displacement.6.1.6 Display and Recording InstrumentationUse anysuitable means to display and record the data developed fromthe load and displacement-sensing systems, provided its re-sponse characteristics are capable
21、of presenting the datasensed, with minimal distortion. The recording apparatus shallrecord load and displacement simultaneously. For furtherinformation, see A1.2.6.1.6.1 The most rudimentary apparatus is a cathode-rayoscilloscope with a camera. This approach also requires aplanimeter or other suitab
22、le device, capable of measuring thearea under the recorded load-versus-displacement trace of theevent with an accuracy of 65%.6.1.6.2 More sophisticated systems are commercially avail-able. Most of them include computerized data reduction andautomatic printouts of results.7. Test Specimen7.1 Specime
23、ns must be large enough to be adequatelygripped in the clamp. In general, the minimum lateral dimen-sion should be at least 13 mm greater than the diameter of thehole in the clamp (see 6.1.1 and 10.9).7.2 Specimens may be cut from injection-molded, extruded,or compression molded sheet; or they may b
24、e cast or molded tosize.8. Conditioning8.1 Conditioning Condition the test specimens in a roomor enclosed space maintained 23 6 2C, and 50 % relativehumidity, in accordance with Procedure A in Practice D 618unless otherwise specified.8.2 Test Conditions Conduct tests in the standard labora-tory atmo
25、sphere of 23 6 2C, and 50 6 5 % relative humidity,unless otherwise specified. In cases of disagreement, thetolerances shall be 61C, and 62 % relative humidity.8.2.1 By changing the conditioning and test temperature ina controlled manner for a given test velocity, the temperature atwhich transition f
26、rom ductile to brittle failure occurs can bedetermined for most plastics.NOTE 2To facilitate high throughput during automated testing attemperatures other than ambient, it is often necessary to stack thespecimens in a column with no airflow in between. To assure compliancewith Section 10 of Practice
27、 D 618, the time to equilibrium must bedetermined for a given material. A thermocouple may be placed at thecenter of a specimen stack in which its height is equal to its minimumwidth. Determine the time to reach equilibrium at the desired testtemperature. Experiments with materials having low therma
28、l conductivityvalues have shown that more than 7.5 h of soak time was required beforethe stack center temperature fell within the tolerances specified in D 618at a setpoint of -40C. Two and a half additional hours were needed toreach equilibrium. The opposite extreme was seen in a material of higher
29、thermal conductivity that only required2htoreach equilibrium at -40C.9. Speed of Testing9.1 For recommended testing speeds see 10.4.10. Procedure10.1 Test a minimum of five specimens at each specifiedspeed.10.2 Measure and record the thickness of each specimen tothe nearest 0.025 mm at the center of
30、 the specimen.10.3 Clamp the specimen between the plates of the speci-men holder, taking care to center the specimen for uniformgripping. Tighten the clamping plate in such a way as toprovide uniform clamping pressure to prevent slippage duringtesting.10.4 Set the test speed to the desired value. Th
31、e testingspeed (movable-member velocity at the instant before contactwith the specimen) shall be as follows:10.4.1 For single-speed tests, use a velocity of 200 m/min.10.4.1.1 Other speeds may be used, provided they areclearly stated in the report.10.4.2 To measure the dependence of puncture propert
32、ies onimpact velocity, use a broad range of test speeds. Somesuggested speeds are 2.5, 25, 125, 200, and 250 m/min.10.5 Set the available energy so that the velocity slowdownis no more than 20 % from the beginning of the test to the pointof peak load. If the velocity should decrease by more than20 %
33、, discard the results and make additional tests on newspecimens with more available energy.NOTE 3It is observed that when the available energy is at least threetimes the absorbed energy at the peak load velocity slow-down is less than20 %.10.6 Place a safety shield around the specimen holder.10.7 Ma
34、ke the necessary adjustments to data collectionapparatus as required by the manufacturers instructions orconsult literature such as STP 9364for further informationregarding setting up data acquisition systems.4Instrumented Impact Testing of Plastics and Composite Materials, ASTM STP936, ASTM, 1986.D
35、 3763 08210.8 Conduct the test, following the manufacturers instruc-tions for the specific equipment used.10.9 Remove the specimen and inspect the gripped portionfor striations or other evidence of slippage. If there is evidenceof slippage, modify the clamping conditions or increase thespecimen size
36、 and repeat test procedures.11. Calculation11.1 Using the load-versus-displacement trace and appro-priate scaling factors, calculate the following:11.1.1 Peak load, in newtons.11.1.2 Deflection, in millimetres, to the point where peakload first occurred.11.1.3 From the area within the trace, calcula
37、te:11.1.3.1 Energy, in joules, to the point where load firstoccurred.11.1.3.2 Total energy absorbed. The point for determiningthis has not been standardized. Therefore, the point used foreach test must be stated in the report.11.1.4 Load, deflection, energy, or combination thereof, atany other speci
38、fic point of interest (see Appendix X1).11.2 For each series of tests, calculate the arithmetic meanfor each of the above, to three significant figures.11.3 Calculate the estimated standard deviations as follows:S 5 SSX22 n X2n 2 1D1/2(1)where:S = estimated standard deviation,X = value of a single d
39、etermination,n = number of determinations, andX = arithmetic mean of the set of determinations.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 Complete identification of the material tested, includ-ing type, source, manufacturers code number, form andprevious history,12.1.2 Specimen size and
40、thickness,12.1.3 Method of preparing test specimens (compressionmolding, casting, etc.),12.1.4 Geometry of clamp and plunger, if different from6.1.1 and 6.1.2,12.1.5 Source and types of equipment,12.1.6 Speed of testing (see 10.4),12.1.7 The point on the curve at which total energy wascalculated (se
41、e 11.1.3.2),12.1.8 Average value and standard deviation for each of theproperties listed in 11.1,12.1.9 Whether or not any slippage of the specimens wasdetected, and12.1.10 If the effect of testing speeds was studied (see10.4.2).13. Precision and Bias13.1 Tables 1-3 are based on a round robin conduc
42、ted in1996 in accordance with Practice E 691, involving 7 materialstested by 11 laboratories. For each material, all of the speci-mens were prepared at the laboratory of the company volun-teering that material for the round robin. Ten specimens fromeach material were sent to each participating labor
43、atory. Eachtest result was the average of 5 individual determinations. Eachlaboratory obtained 2 test results for each material.(WarningThe explanations of r and R (13.2-13.2.3) are onlyintended to present a meaningful way of considering theapproximate precision of this test method. The data in Tabl
44、es1-3 should not be applied to acceptance or rejection ofmaterials, as these data only apply to the materials tested in theround robin and are unlikely to be rigorously representative ofother lots, conditions, materials, or laboratories. Users of thistest method should apply the principles outlined
45、in PracticeE 691 to generate data specific to their materials and laboratory(or between specific laboratories). The principles of 13.2-13.2.3 would then be valid for such data.)TABLE 1 Maximum LoadNOTE 1MU = microcellular urethane, CP = cellulose propionate.NOTE 2Thicknesses were: aluminum, 0.031 in
46、.; all others, 0.12 in.NOTE 31982 round robin data, including precision and bias state-ments, may be found in Appendix X4.Material Mean, NSr,ANSR,BNr,CNR,DN(A) Aluminum 4094 75.38 349.0 211 977(B) ABS 3783 200.22 295.2 561 827(C) MU 1704 110.53 149.6 309 419(D) PC 6368 380.58 455.1 1066 1274(E) Poly
47、ester 4244 154.57 278.7 433 780(F) CP 4889 377.24 424.6 1056 1189(G) PP 2703 164.89 246.5 462 690ASr= within-laboratory standard deviation for the indicated material. It isobtained by pooling the within-laboratory standard deviations from the test resultsfrom all of the participating laboratories as
48、 follows:Sr= (S1)2+(S2)2. + (Sn)2/n1/2BSR= between-laboratories reproducibility, expressed as standard deviation, asfollows:SR=Sr2+ SL21/2where SL= standard deviation of laboratory means.Cr = within-laboratory critical interval between two test results = 2.8 3 Sr.DR = between-laboratories critical i
49、nterval between two test results = 2.8 3SR.TABLE 2 Deflection to Maximum Load PointNOTE 1MU = microcellular urethane, CP = cellulose propionate.NOTE 2Thicknesses were: aluminum, 0.031 in.; all others, 0.12 in.NOTE 31982 round robin data, including precision and bias state-ments may be found in Appendix X4.MaterialMean,mmSr,AmmSR,Bmmr,CmmR,Dmm(A) Alumi-num8.74 0.2227 0.619 0.62 1.73(B) ABS 15.75 0.7009 0.811 1.96 2.27(C) MU 19.33 0.9923 1.238 2.78 3.47(D) PC 22.21 0.8567 0.897 2.40 2.51(E) Polyester 19.03 0.9144 0.940 2.56 2.63(F) CP 16.21 1.0858 1.122
