1、Designation: D3775 12D3775 17Standard Test Method forWarp (End) and Filling (Pick)End (Warp) and Pick (Filling)Count of Woven Fabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3775; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test
3、method covers the measurement of warp end count(warp) and filling pick (filling) count and is applicable to alltypes of woven fabrics.NOTE 1Historically, the term fabric count has been used to describe the end and pick count of woven fabrics. The terms warp (end) and filling (pick)end count and pick
4、 count are replacing the term fabric count, to provide clarity.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.2.1 Throughout this document, there will be some instances in which the units do not convert 1:1. This is to
5、 acknowledge thatthis is a global document and that different parts of the world use different units of measurement. Organizations using the metricsystem wil report the count per 1 cm. Organizations using the English system will report the count per 1 in.1.3 This standard does not purport to address
6、 all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 2For a current test method fo
7、r the wale and course count of weft knitted fabrics, refer to Test Method D8007.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides an
8、d Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test MethodsD7023 T
9、erminology Relating to Home FurnishingsD8007 Test Method for Wale and Course Count of Weft Knitted Fabrics2.2 Other Standard:ANSI/ASQC Z1.4Inspection by Attributes33. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to D13.59, Fabric Test Methods, General, refer to Terminology D48503.1.1 The following ter
10、ms are relevant to this standard: count, end, end count, filling, pick, pick count, thread count. thread count3.2 For all terminology related to Home Furnishings, refer to Terminology D7023.3.3 For all other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.1 This test method is under the jurisdi
11、ction of ASTM Committee D13 on Fabric Test Methods, SpecificCurrent edition approved Sept. 1, 2012Sept. 1, 2017. Published October 2012September 2017. Replaces Sections 28 to 34 of Methods D1910 64 (1975). Originallyapproved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 20082012 as D3775 08.D3775 12. D
12、OI: 10.1520/D3775-12.10.1520/D3775-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM Standardsvolume information, refer tot he standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American
13、 National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequate
14、ly depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
15、 PA 19428-2959. United States14. Summary of Test Method4.1 The number of warp yarns (ends) ends per unit distance and filling yarns (picks) picks per unit distance are determined usingsuitable magnifying and counting devices or by raveling yarns from fabrics. See ANSI Z1.4.5. Significance and Use5.1
16、 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because it has been usedextensively in the trade for that purpose.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparativetest should
17、be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As aminimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of materialas the samples that resulted in disparate results during ini
18、tial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory.The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability levelchosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected,
19、 or future test results for that materialmust be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.1.2 This test method is suitable for use with narrow fabrics when the count across the total width is measured in the narrowdirection and extrapolated to the number of yarns per centimetre or inch.centimet
20、er (inch).6. Apparatus6.1 Use any suitable device, such as pick glass, rule and pointer, microfilm reader, or projection equipment. The use of opticalsensing equipment may be used as agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier.6.2 Use a scale graduated in mm (16 in.)-in.) to measure the width of the f
21、abric test specimen to be raveled for a count of yarns.distance over which thread counts were taken.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing, take at random the number of rolls of fabric as directed in an applicablematerial specification or other agreement between the purchase
22、r and the supplier. Consider rolls of fabric to be the primarysampling units.7.2 Laboratory Sample As a laboratory sample, take a full width swatch at least 2 m (2 yd) long from each roll of fabric inthe lot sample. Consider each designated place at which warp end counts and filling pick counts are
23、made as a test specimen.NOTE 3For specimens not obtained as directed in Section 7, the results should not be used for acceptance testing of a lot.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition specimens as directed in Practice D1776.8.2 Fabrics woven from yarns having a relatively low moisture regain in the standard
24、atmosphere for testing textiles, which is21 6 1 C (70 6 2 F) and 65 % 21 6 2 C (70 6 4 F) and 65 6 5 % relative humidity, and which are not significantly affectedby minor variations in different atmospheric conditions, for example, nylons, acrylics, and polyesters, may be tested withoutpreconditioni
25、ng. Fabrics woven from yarns composed wholly or in part from wool, rayon, cotton, or acetate are more sensitive toatmospheric changes and must be conditioned prior to testing, except by agreement of all parties interested in the test results.8.3 When full rolls or bolts of fabric cannot be properly
26、conditioned in a reasonable time with available facilities, perform thetest without conditioning and report the actual conditions prevailing at the time of the test. Such results may not correspond withthe results obtained after testing in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles.9. Procedure9.1
27、 General:General:9.1.1 Count the number of warp yarns (ends) and filling yarns (picks) ends and picks in five randomly spaced places diagonallyacross the width of the laboratory sampling unit. Count individual warp ends and fillingFor specific distances to count, see 9.3picksas single units, regardl
28、ess of whether they are comprised of single or plied components. .9.1.2 Round all counts to the nearest whole yarn contained in the distance counted.9.1.3 When two yarns are laid-in together and parallel, count each yarn separately, as a single unit, regardless of whether it iscomprised of single or
29、 plied components.9.1.3 In fancy weaves, where one or more yarns do not appear at regular, short intervals, make count measurements over at leastone full pattern repeat of each design in the weave.9.1.4 When the coefficient of variation for five counts is higher than 5 %, make five additional counts
30、 and average the resultsof the ten readings.9.2 Specific Fabric Widths:Specific Fabric Widths:D3775 1729.2.1 For fabric widths of 1000 mm100 cm (40 in.) or more, make no count closer than 150 mm15 cm (6 in.) from the selvageedge, or within 0.5 m (0.5 yd)50 cm (20 in.) from the end of the roll or pie
31、ce.9.2.2 For fabric widths of less than 1000 mm100 cm (40 in.) but greater than 125 mm12.5 cm (5 in.), make no count closerthan one tenth of the width of the fabric, or within 0.5 m (0.5 yd)fabric from the selvage edge, or within 50 cm (20 in.) from theend of the roll or piece.9.2.3 For narrow fabri
32、cs constructed with widths of 25 mm (112.5 cm (5 in.) or less, count all of the yarns in the use the fullwidth of the fabric. When the data are reported, the fabric width, the number of yarns within that width, and the resultant calculatedyarns per centimetre (inch) shall be reported.fabric, but mak
33、e no count within 50 cm (20 in.) from the end of the roll or piece.9.3 Specific Fabric CountsSpecific Fabric Counts:9.3.1 For fabrics containing 10 yarns per cm (25 yarns per in.) or more, count the ends over 2.5 cm (1 in.) of width in fivedifferent, randomly selected places across the width of the
34、laboratory sampling unit, and count the picks over a 2.5 cm (1 in.) lengthin five different, randomly selected places along the length of the laboratory sampling unit.9.3.1.1 When the coefficient of variation for five counts is higher than 5 %, make five additional counts and average the resultsof t
35、he ten readings.9.3.2 For fabrics containing less than 1 yarn10 yarns per mmcm (25 yarns per in.), count the number of warp yarns (ends) endsover a 75 mm7.5 cm (3 in.) width, in five randomly selected places across the width of the laboratory sampling unit, and countthe number of filling yarns (pick
36、s) picks over a 75 mm7.5 cm (3 in.) length in five randomly selected places along the length ofthe laboratory sampling unit.9.3.2.1 When the coefficient of variation for five counts in a 75 mm7.5 cm (3 in.) width is higher than 5%, 5 %, discard thosereadings and make five fresh counts over a 125 mm1
37、2.5 cm (5 in.) width.9.3.1.2 For fabrics containing 1 yarn per mm (25 yarns per in.) or higher, count the number of warp yarn (ends) over 25 mm(1 in.) of width in five different, randomly selected places across the width of the laboratory sampling unit, and count the numberof filling yarns (picks) o
38、ver a 25 mm (1 in.) length in five different, randomly selected places along the length of the laboratorysampling unit.9.3.3 In fancy weaves, where one or more yarns do not appear at regular, short intervals, make count measurements over at leastone full pattern repeat of each design in the weave. C
39、ount the number of ends over each design repeat in five different, randomlyselected places across the width of the laboratory sampling unit, and count the number of picks over each design repeat in fivedifferent, randomly selected places along the length of the laboratory sampling unit. The repeat w
40、idth and length shall be recordedto the nearest 0.1 cm (116 in.).9.3.4 For narrow fabrics constructed with widths of 12.5 cm (5 in.) or less, count the number of ends in the full width of thefabric, and count the number of picks over a 2.5 cm (1 in.) length in five different, randomly selected place
41、s along the length ofthe laboratory sampling unit.9.3.5 Record the distance (W) over which warp counts were taken to the nearest 0.1 cm (116 in.). Record the distance (L) overwhich filling counts were taken to the nearest 0.1 cm (116 in.).9.4 Count by Raveling Options When When individual yarns cann
42、ot be readily distinguished visually for counting in afabric, one of the two alternative options shown below may be used.9.4.1 Ravel a piece of fabric parallel to the direction to be counted, obtain a straight edge, then ravel and count the yarns in a25 mm2.5 cm (1 in.) strip. For example, cut a str
43、ip of fabric from each randomly selected place, approximately 35 mm3.5 cm (1.5in.) wide, and of practical length parallel to the yarns to be counted. Then ravel each strip to give a testing width of 25 mm2.5cm (1 in.) by removing an approximately equal number of yarns from each side, prior to counti
44、ng.9.4.2 Make a straight cut through the fabric across the yarns to be counted. Place a ruler along the cut edge and mark off a 25mm2.5 cm (1 in.) length. Count the number of yarns protruding between the two marks. If possible, ravel a yarn or two, to ensurethat only protruding yarns are being count
45、ed.9.4.3 Record the distance (W) over which end counts were taken to the nearest 0.1 cm (116 in.). Record the distance (L) overwhich pick counts were taken to the nearest 0.1 cm (116 in.).10. Calculation10.1 For each place counted, calculate, to the nearest whole number, the number of yarns per cent
46、imeter (inch), using thefollowing equations:CountswW 5yarns/cm in.! (1)CountsLW 5yarns/cm in.! (2)where:Countw = number of ends counted in the width direction,W = Distance over which end count was taken, cm (in.),CountL = number of picks counted in the length direction, andL = distance over which pi
47、ck count was taken, cm (in.).D3775 173Examples:20 ends/0.6 cm = 33 ends/cm (3)100 picks/2.5 cm = 40 picks/cm (4)Note that counts reported in yarns/cm and those reported in yarns/in. may not be exact conversions and may have differentlevels of accuracy due to rounding.10.2 Calculate the average of al
48、l warp end counts made for the warp direction number of ends/cm (ends/in.) to the nearestindividual yarn for each roll and for the lot.10.3 Calculate the average of all filling pick counts made for the filling direction number of picks/cm (picks/in.) to the nearestindividual yarn for each roll and f
49、or the lot.10.4 When requested, calculate the thread count of the fabric as the sum of the warp end and filling pick counts per cm (in.)to the nearest whole number for each roll and for the lot.10.4 For narrow fabrics, extrapolate the count in the narrow direction to 1 cm (in.) using the following equations:CountW,cm5 yarnscm (1)CountW,in.5 yarnsin. (2)where:Count = count in the narrow direction, andW = fabric width, mm or in.Examples:200.6 cm5 33 yarnscm (3)200.25 in.5 80 yarnsinch (4)11. Report11.1 State that the specimens were tested as direc
