1、Designation: D3776/D3776M 09a (Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Methods forMass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3776/D3776M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the mea
3、surement of fabricmass per unit area (weight) and is applicable to most fabrics.1.2 There are four approved options:1.2.1 Option AFull Piece, Roll, Bolt or Cut (Section 7).1.2.2 Option BFull Width Sample (Section 8).1.2.3 Option CSmall Swatch of Fabric (Section 9).1.2.4 Option DNarrow Fabrics (Secti
4、on 10).1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conforman
5、cewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to
6、 use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven FabricD3774 Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric2.2 Other Standard:ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Inspection by Attributes33. Terminology
7、3.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:weight.3.2 For definitions of all other textile terms see TerminologyD123.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 Fabric mass is calculated from the mass of a specimenthe length and width of which have been measured as directedin one of the procedures in T
8、est Method D3773 and D3774.5. Apparatus5.1 Scale, with a capacity and sensitivity sufficient to weighthe full piece, roll, bolt, or cut units to within 60.1 % of theirgross mass. The accuracy of the scale should be certified by arecognized authority.5.2 Balance, having a capacity and sensitivity to
9、weighwithin 60.1 % of the mass of the specimens being tested.5.3 Cutting Die, either square or round with an area of atleast 13 cm2or 2 in.26. Conditioning6.1 Condition test specimens as directed in Practice D1776.6.2 All weighing tests should be made in the standardatmosphere for testing textiles (
10、21 6 1C (70 6 2F),65 6 2 % RH), after the specimens have been conditioned inthe same atmosphere. It may be impractical to condition thespecimens in Option A or nonconditioned testing may beagreed upon by the purchaser and supplier. When the full rollsor bolts of fabric cannot be properly conditioned
11、 in a reason-able time with available facilities, perform the tests withoutconditioning and report the actual conditions prevailing at thetime of the test. Such results may not correspond with theresults obtained after testing adequately conditioned specimensin the standard atmosphere for testing te
12、xtiles.7. Option AFull Piece, Roll, Bolt, or Cut7.1 Significance and Use7.1.1 OptionAfor the determination of mass per unit area ofwoven fabrics may be used for acceptance testing of commer-cial shipments since it has been used extensively in the trade.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction
13、of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric TestMethods, Specific.Current edition approved July 1, 2013. Published September 2013. ReplacesSections 35 to 41 of Methods D1910 64 (1975). Originally approved in 1979. Lastprevious edition approved
14、in 2009 as D3776 09a2. DOI: 10.1520/D3776_D3776M-09AR13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Avai
15、lable from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17.1.2 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported t
16、est values when using Test Methods D3776 foracceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser andthe supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine ifthere is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competentstatistical assistance is recommended for the investigation ofbias. A
17、s a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens which are as homogeneous as possible and whichare from a lot of material of the type in question. The testspecimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory for testing. The average results from the twolabor
18、atories should be compared using students t-test forunpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by thetwo parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either itscause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and thesupplier must agree to interpret future test results in the
19、light ofthe known bias.7.2 SamplingAs a lot sample for acceptance testing, takeat random the number of rolls of fabric as directed in anapplicable material specification or other agreement betweenthe purchaser and the supplier. Consider rolls of fabric to be theprimary sampling units. Consider the r
20、olls of fabric in the lotsample as the laboratory sample and as the test specimens.7.3 Procedure:7.3.1 Measure the length of the full piece, roll, bolt, or cutby the hand procedure in Test Method D3773.7.3.2 Measure the width by the tension-free alternative ofOption A of Test Method D3774.7.3.3 Weig
21、h the fabric, with shell and holder, if any, to thenearest 0.1 % of its mass.7.3.4 Weigh the holder, if any, to the nearest 0.1 % of itsmass.7.4 Calculations:7.4.1 Determine the net weight of the fabric by subtractingthe weight of the holder from the total weight.7.4.2 Dimensions and mass may all be
22、 determined in SIunits and mass per unit area calculated using Eq 1, Eq 2,orEq3, as follows:g/m25 103M/LW (1)g/m 5 103M/L (2)m/kg 5 L/M (3)where:M = mass of fabric, in kilograms,L = length of fabric, in metres, andW = width of fabric, in metres.7.4.3 Calculate the mass per unit area, mass per linear
23、 yard,or linear yards per pound to three significant figures, unlessotherwise specified, using Eq 4, Eq 5, Eq 6,orEq 7, as follows:Mass per unit area:oz/yd25 576M/LW (4)Mass per yard:oz/yd 5 16M/L (5)Linear yards per pound:yd/lb 5 L/M (6)yd/lb 5 16 oz/yd (7)where:M = mass of fabric, in pounds,L = le
24、ngth of fabric, in yards, andW = width of fabric, in inches.7.4.4 If preferred, convert the U.S. customary units to SIunits using Eq 8, Eq 9,orEq 10, as follows:Mass, g/m25 oz/yd2333.906 (8)Mass, g/m 5 oz/yd 331.000 (9)m/kg 5 yd/lb 32.016 (10)8. Option BFull Width Sample8.1 Significance and Use:8.1.
25、1 This procedure is applicable to a full-width sample cutfrom a full piece, roll, bolt, or cut. Unless otherwise specified,these results will include selvages and will be on the basis ofconditioned fabric.8.1.2 Option B is not recommended for the acceptancetesting of commercial shipments, since Opti
26、on A is regularlyused for that purpose.8.2 Sampling:8.2.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of rolls of fabric as directed in anapplicable material specification or other agreement betweenthe purchaser and the supplier. Consider the roll of fabric to bethe pr
27、imary sampling units.8.2.2 Laboratory SampleFrom each roll or piece in the lotsample, cutdont tearat least one laboratory sample thefull width of the fabric and at least 250 mm (10 in.) in length.The cut edges must be a straight line, free of indentations orbulges, unless both edges have been made t
28、o trace parallelfilling yarns. In this procedure the complete laboratory sampleis used as the specimen.8.3 Procedure:8.3.1 Measure the length of the conditioned specimen by thehand procedure of Test Method D3773.8.3.2 Measure the width by the tension-free alternative ofOption A of Test Method D3774.
29、8.3.3 Weigh the specimen in grams on a scale or balance tothe nearest 0.1 % of its mass (weight).8.4 Calculations:8.4.1 Calculate the mass per unit area, mass per linear yard,or linear yards per pound to three significant figures, unlessotherwise specified, using Eq 11, Eq 12, Eq 13,orEq 14,asfollow
30、s:Mass per unit area:oz/yd25 45.72G/LsW (11)Mass per linear yard:oz/yd 5 1.27G/Ls(12)Linear yards per pound:yd/lb 5 16/oz per linear yd (13)yd/lb 5 12.6Ls/G (14)where:G = mass of specimen, in grams,Ls= length of specimen, in inches, andD3776/D3776M 09a (2013)2W = width of specimen, in inches.8.4.2 I
31、f preferred, convert the U.S. customary units to SIunits using Eq 4, Eq 5,orEq 6 in 7.4.3.8.4.3 Alternatively, dimensions and mass may all be deter-mined in SI units and calculated using Eq 15, Eq 16,orEq 17,as follows:Mass per unit area:g/m25 106G/LsW (15)Mass per linear metre:g/m 5 103G/Ls(16)Line
32、ar metres per kilogram:m/kg 5 Ls/G (17)where:G = mass of specimen, gLs= length of specimen, mm, andW = width of specimen, mm.9. Option CSmall Swatch of Fabric9.1 Significance and Use:9.1.1 This procedure is applicable when a small swatch offabric is sent to the laboratory to be used as the test spec
33、imen.The results are considered to be applicable to the sample onlyand not necessarily to the lot from which the sample was taken.9.1.2 Measurements by this method do not include selvagesand should be reported as such, unless a selvage allowance isspecified.9.1.3 Option C is not recommended for acce
34、ptance testingof commercial shipments since Option A is regularly used forthat purpose.9.2 SamplingOption C is used only when limited fabric isavailable and should not be used for acceptance sampling.Prepare such specimens from small swatches as is possible.9.3 Preparation of SpecimensPrepare a cond
35、itioned speci-men having an area of at least 130 cm2(20 in.2) or a number ofsmaller die cut specimens taken from different locations in thesample and having a total area of at least 130 cm2(20 in.2)Donot take these specimens closer than one tenth of the fabricwidth to a selvage or cut edge. If insuf
36、ficient fabric is availableto meet these criteria, note that fact in the report.9.4 Procedure:9.4.1 Determine the area of the specimen(s) used. Fordie-cut specimens, the area of the die is normally given. Forother specimens, multiply the length by the width.9.4.2 Weigh the specimen(s) to within 60.1
37、 % of mass(weight) on a balance. Specimens of a fabric may be weighedtogether.9.5 Calculations:9.5.1 Dimensions and mass may be determined in SI unitsand calculated using Eq 15 (8.4.3), Eq 18,orEq 19, as follows:Mass per linear metre:g/m 5 103GW/LsWs(18)Linear metre per kilogram:m/kg 5 LsWs/GW (19)w
38、here:G = mass of specimen, gW = width of fabric, mmLs= length of specimen, mm, andWs= width of specimen mm.9.5.2 Calculate the mass in ounces per square yard, ouncesper linear yard, or linear yards per pound to three significantfigures using Eq 11 (8.4.1), Eq 19,orEq 20, as follows:Mass per linear y
39、ard:oz/yd 5 1.27GW/LsWs(20)Linear yards per pound:yd/lb 5 12.6LsWs/GW (21)where:G = mass of specimen, g,W = width of fabric, in.Ws= width of specimen, in., andLs= length of specimen, in.9.5.3 If preferred convert the U.S. customary units to SIunits by using Eq 8, Eq 9,orEq 10 in 7.4.4.10. Option DNa
40、rrow Fabrics10.1 Significance and Use:10.1.1 This procedure is intended for use with narrowfabrics as so designated by the trade. These fabrics are usually300 mm (12 in.) in width or less, have a selvage on both sidesand are woven on multishuttle looms.10.1.2 Option D is not recommended for acceptan
41、ce testingof commercial shipments since Option A is regularly used forthat purpose.10.2 Sampling:10.2.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of rolls of fabric as directed in anapplicable material specification or other agreement betweenthe purchaser and the sup
42、plier. Consider the rolls of fabric to bethe primary sampling units.10.2.2 Laboratory SampleFrom each roll or piece in thelot sample, cut a conditioned laboratory sample 1 m 6 3mm(36.0 6 0.10 in.) long perpendicular to the selvages. Take aminimum of three such laboratory samples from differentplaces
43、, distributed as evenly as practicable along the length ofthe roll or piece. In this procedure a complete laboratorysample is used as a specimen.10.3 Procedure:10.3.1 Measure the width of the fabric to the nearest 1 mm(0.125 in.) by the tension-free alternative of Option A of TestMethods D3774.10.3.
44、2 Weigh each specimen to within 60.1 % of its weighton a scale or balance.10.4 Calculations:10.4.1 If all measurements are made in SI units, use Eq 15,Eq 16 or Eq 17 in 8.4.3.10.4.2 Calculate the average mass as ounces per linear yardor linear yards per pound using Eq 12, Eq 13,orEq 14 from8.4.1.10.
45、4.3 If preferred, convert the U.S. customary units to SIunits using Eq 9 or Eq 10 in 7.4.4.D3776/D3776M 09a (2013)311. Report11.1 State that the tests were made as directed in Option A(or B or C or D) in Test Methods D3776. Describe the materialor product sampled and the method of sampling used.11.2
46、 Report the following information:11.2.1 Option used to measure fabric mass per unit area.11.2.2 Fabric mass in ounces per square yard, or ounces perlinear yard, or in yards per pound, to three significant figures.11.2.3 Fabric mass in grams per square metre, or grams perlinear metre, or metres per
47、kilogram, to three significantfigures.11.2.4 Fabric width if mass is reported as mass per linearmetre (yard) or metres per kilogram (yards per pound).11.2.5 State whether the fabric weight includes or does notinclude selvages, and11.2.6 Atmospheric conditions under which the tests wereconducted and
48、whether the specimens were conditioned asdirected in Practice D1776.12. Precision and Bias12.1 SummaryIn comparing two averages of four obser-vations when using Option B of Test Methods D3776, thedifference should not exceed the following amounts in 95 outof 100 cases when all of the observations we
49、re taken by thesame well-trained operator using the same piece of equipmentand specimens randomly drawn from the same sample ofmaterial:Seersucker 0.125 oz/yd2Gingham 0.080 oz/yd2Corduroy 0.330 oz/yd2Denim 0.105 oz/yd2Larger differences are likely under all other circumstances.The procedure in Option B of Test Methods D3776 has noknown bias and is used as a referee method.12.2 Interlaboratory Test DataAn interlaboratory test wasrun in 1981 in which randomly drawn specimens of fourmaterials were tested in each of four laboratories using OptionB of Test Me
