1、Designation: D3802 10Standard Test Method forBall-Pan Hardness of Activated Carbon1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3802; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pa
2、rentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining theball-pan hardness number of granular activated carbons. Forthe purpose of this test, granula
3、r activated carbons are thosehaving particles 90 % of which are larger than 80 mesh (180m) as determined by Test Method D2862.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of
4、thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B19 Specification for Car
5、tridge Brass Sheet, Strip, Plate,Bar, and DisksB150/B150M Specification for Aluminum Bronze Rod,Bar, and ShapesD2652 Terminology Relating to Activated CarbonD2854 Test Method for Apparent Density of ActivatedCarbonD2862 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Granu-lar Activated CarbonD2867 Te
6、st Methods for Moisture in Activated CarbonE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals3. Terminology3.1 GeneralTerms applicable to this standard are definedin Terminology D2652.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.
7、1 nominal particle size: natural, granular, and irregu-larly shaped particle carbonsthat particle size range, ex-pressed in terms of Specification E11 sieve sizes, whose smallend excludes not more than 5 % of the particle size distribu-tion, and whose large end excludes not more than 5 % of thedistr
8、ibution, on a weight basis.3.2.2 nominal particle size: pelleted carbonsthat particlesize range, expressed in terms of Specification E11 sieve sizes,whose small end excludes not more than 10 % of the particlesize distribution, and whose large end excludes not more than5 % of the distribution, on a w
9、eight basis.3.2.3 small end nominal particle sizethat particle size,expressed by its equivalent Specification E11 sieve, whichdefines the excluded portion of the particle size distribution atits small particle size end in accordance with 3.2.1 or 3.2.2.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A screened and wei
10、ghed sample of the carbon is placedin a special hardness pan with a number of stainless steel balls,then subjected to a combined rotating and tapping action for 30min. At the end of this period, the amount of particle sizedegradation is determined by measuring the quantity of carbon,by weight, which
11、 is retained on a sieve whose openings areclosest to one half the openings of the sieve that defines theminimum nominal particle size of the original sample.5. Significance and Use5.1 Several methods have been employed in the past fordetermining the resistance of activated carbons to particle sizede
12、gradation under service conditions, including the ball-panmethod, the stirring bar method, and the dust elutriationmethod. None of these has proved completely satisfactory forall applications, and all have been questioned by ASTMCommittee D28 on Activated Carbon as tests for establishingdegradation
13、resistance. However, the ball-pan method has beenused widely in the past and has a broad history in the activatedcarbon industry for measuring the property loosely describedas “hardness.” In this context the test is useful in establishinga measurable characteristic of a carbon. Conceding the fact th
14、atthe test does not actually measure in-service resistance todegradation, it can be used to establish the comparability oflots ostensibly of the same grade of carbon.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 onActivated Carbon and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
15、D28.04 on GasPhase Evaluation Tests.Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originallyapproved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D3802 79 (2005).DOI: 10.1520/D3802-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Se
16、rvice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Mechanical S
17、ieve Shaker, designed to produce from 140to 160 taps and from 280 to 320 rotating motions per minute ina stack of standard Specification E11 sieves.3Adjust the sieveshaker to accommodate the desired number of sieves, receiverpan, and sieve cover. Adjust the bottom stops to give aclearance of approxi
18、mately 1.6 mm between the bottom plateand the sieves so that the sieves will be free to rotate. Fit thecover plate with a cork stopper which extends from 3.2 to 9.5mm above the metal recess.6.2 Wire Cloth Sieves, in accordance with Specification E11;six required, at least four of which bracket the e
19、xpectednominal particle size distribution of the sample, and one ofwhich, designated the hardness test sieve, has an opening asclose as possible to one half the opening of the sieve thatdefines the smaller nominal particle size of the original sample.Table 1 lists the hardness test sieve correspondi
20、ng to eachminimum nominal sieve.6.3 Bottom Receiver Pan and Top Sieve Cover (see 6.1).6.4 Hardness Test Pan, having the dimensions of that in Fig.1.6.5 Adjustable Interval Timer, with a precision of at least65 s, duration at least 600 s (10 min).6.6 Sample Splitter, single-stage riffle type, in acco
21、rdancewith 30.5.2 of Practice E300.6.7 Balance, with sensitivity and accuracy of at least 0.1 g.6.8 Soft Brass-Wire Brush.46.9 Steel Balls, fifteen 12.7 6 0.1 mm (12 in.) in diameterand fifteen 9.5 6 0.1 mm (38 in.) in diameter.7. Sampling7.1 Guidance in sampling granular activated carbon is givenin
22、 Practice E300.8. Calibration8.1 Calibration of balances shall be maintained by standardlaboratory methods. Sieves shall be calibrated at reasonableintervals in accordance with the procedure described in Speci-fication E11.9. Procedure9.1 Determine the nominal particle size of the sample inaccordanc
23、e with Test Method D2862, and its moisture contentin accordance with Test Methods D2867.9.2 Obtain an additional representative sample of approxi-mately 125 mLof the carbon in accordance with Practice E300.9.3 Screen this sample to its nominal particle size distribu-tion using Test Method D2862. Dis
24、card the fractions above thelarger and below the smaller nominal particle size. Obtain atleast 100 mL of material within the nominal mesh size range.Use additional material obtained as in 9.2, if necessary.9.4 Measure out 100 mL of the screened sample into a tared,graduated cylinder in accordance wi
25、th Test Method D2854, andweigh to the nearest 0.1 g.9.5 Place the hardness pan (Fig. 1) on the standard bottomreceiver pan. Pour the screened and weighed sample into thehardness pan and add the steel balls.9.6 Complete the sieve stack by stacking five full-heightsieves and the sieve cover on top of
26、the hardness pan. The extrasieves, in this case, serve only to form a stack which fills theshaker, thus avoiding changes in tapping action and readjust-ment of the sieve stack retainer.9.7 Place sieve stack in the sieve shaker and shake for 30 60.5 min, with tapping hammer operating.9.8 At the end o
27、f the shaking period, remove the sieve stackfrom the sieve shaker and remove the hardness pan from thesieve stack. Place the hardness test sieve on top of the receivingpan.9.9 Remove the steel balls from the hardness pan andtransfer sample to the hardness test sieve, brushing adheringparticles into
28、the sieve. Stack the five full-height sieves andsieve cover on top of the hardness test sieve and receiving pan,and replace the stack in the sieve shaker. Shake with thehammer operating for 10 min 6 10 s.9.10 At the end of the shaking period, remove the sievestack from the sieve shaker and transfer
29、the remainder of the3The sole source of supply of the apparatus (the Tyler Ro-Tap Sieve Shaker,Model RX-29) known to the committee at this time is W.S. Tyler, Inc., Gastonia,NC. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comment
30、s will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.4The sole source of supply of the apparatus (W.S. Tyler Model 1778-SB) knownto the committee at this time is W.S. Tyler, Inc., Gastonia, NC. If you are aware ofalternative suppliers, pleas
31、e provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.TABLE 1 Hardness Test Sieve (HTS) Corresponding to Specification E11 Sieves Defining Small-End Nominal Particle Size
32、 (SNPS)SNPS HTS SNPS HTSOpening, mm E11 Mesh Opening, m E11 Mesh Opening, m E11 Mesh Opening, m E11 Mesh5.6 312 2800 7 850 20 425 404.75 4 2360 8 710 25 355 454.00 5 2000 10 600 30 300 503.35 6 1700 12 500 35 250 602.80 7 1400 14 425 40 212 702.36 8 1180 16 355 45 180 802.00 10 1000 18 300 50 150 10
33、01.70 12 850 20 250 60 125 1201.40 14 710 25 212 70 106 1401.18 16 600 30 180 80 90 1701.00 18 500 35D3802 102sample on the hardness test sieve to a tared weighing pan.Weigh to the nearest 0.1 g.9.11 Sweep the pan catch into a tared weighing dish, andweigh to the nearest 0.1 g.10. Calculation10.1 Ca
34、lculate the ball-pan hardness number from the equa-tionH 5 100 B/A (1)where:H = ball-pan hardness number,B = weight of sample retained on hardness test sieve (see9.10), g, andA = weight of sample loaded onto hardness pan (see 9.4), g.10.2 As a check on the accuracy of the test, calculateball-pan har
35、dness from the pan catch as follows:H25 100 1 2 C/A! (2)where:C = pan catch from 9.11,g.If H2differs from H by more than 2 %, one may assume thatsignificant amounts of carbon are not accounted for, and therun must be rejected.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Name of the carbon
36、supplier,11.1.2 Grade designation of the sample,11.1.3 Nominal particle size range and moisture content (asmeasured in 9.3),11.1.4 Ball-pan hardness number,11.1.5 Name of the agency and technician making the test,11.1.6 Identification number and date of the test, and11.1.7 Lot number from which the
37、sample was taken.12. Precision and Bias512.1 The precision of this test method is based on aninterlaboratory study conducted in 2007. Each of nine labora-tories tested four different materials. Every “test result” repre-sents an individual determination. All laboratories submittedthree replicate tes
38、t results (from one operator) for each mate-rial.12.1.1 RepeatabilityTwo test results obtained within onelaboratory shall be judged not equivalent if they differ by morethan the “r” value for that material; “r” is the intervalrepresenting the critical difference between two test results forthe same
39、material, obtained by the same operator using thesame equipment on the same day in the same laboratory.12.1.2 ReproducibilityTwo test results shall be judged notequivalent if they differ by more than the “R” value for thatmaterial; “R” is the interval representing the difference be-tween two test re
40、sults for the same material, obtained bydifferent operators using different equipment in different labo-ratories.12.1.3 Any judgment in accordance with these two state-ments would have an approximate 95 % probability of beingcorrect.12.2 BiasAt the time of the study, there was no acceptedreference m
41、aterial suitable for determining the bias for this testmethod, therefore no statement on bias is being made.12.3 The precision statement was determined through sta-tistical examination of 108 results, from nine laboratories, onfour materials. These four carbons are described in Table 2.12.4 As noted
42、 in the results table, the repeatability andreproducibility are dependent on the carbon type. To judge theequivalency of two test results, it is recommended to choose5Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D28-1006.NOTE
43、1Material is plate, of one of the following alloys: (1) Cartridge brass, UNS C2600, half-hard temper, hardness 60 HRB or greater (seeSpecification B19); or (2) Aluminum bronze, UNS C6140, soft temper, hardness 140 HB or greater (see Specification B150/B150M).FIG. 1 Pan for Ball-Pan Hardness TestD380
44、2 103the carbon closest in characteristics to the test carbon.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
45、patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited
46、either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fa
47、ir hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this st
48、andard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE
49、2 HardnessCarbon Average RepeatabilityStandardDeviationReproducibilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityLimitxsr sR r RWood45 sieve62.37 4.16 16.76 11.66 46.92Lignite50 sieve80.20 1.96 4.46 5.49 12.48Coconut16 sieve99.36 0.18 0.51 0.51 1.44Bituminous70 sieve98.36 0.37 0.73 1.03 2.04D3802 104
