1、Designation: D3806 98 (Reapproved 2011)D3806 98 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method ofSmall-Scale Evaluation of Fire-Retardant Paints (2-FootTunnel Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3806; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adop
2、tion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method determines the protection a coating affords its substra
3、te, and the comparative burning characteristics ofcoatings by evaluating the flame spread over the surface when ignited under controlled conditions in a small tunnel. Thisestablishes a basis for comparing surface-burning characteristics of different coatings without specific consideration of all the
4、end-use parameters that might affect surface-burning characteristics under actual fire conditions.1.2 In addition to the experimental flamespread flame spread rate, the weight of panel consumed, time of afterflaming andafterglow, char dimensions and index, and height of intumescence may be measured
5、in this test. However, a relationship shouldnot be presumed among these measurements.1.3 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heatand flame under controlled laboratory conditions, and should not be used to describe o
6、r appraise the fire hazard or fire risk ofmaterials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire riskassessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particula
7、r enduse.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to e
8、stablish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C220 Specification for Flat Asbestos-Cement SheetsD344 Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints by the Visual Evaluation of Brushou
9、tsD1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related ProductsD2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational ViscometerE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials2.2 Federal Standard:Fed. Spec. TT-V-119 Varnish, Sp
10、ar, Phenolic Resin33. Significance and Use3.1 A number of laboratory procedures are used to evaluate the effectiveness of fire-retardant and fire-resistant treatments andcoatings. In general, these methods measure the three stages of fire development: (1) ignition; (2) flame spread (rate of growth o
11、fthe fire); and (3) conflagration extent. While all three are of extreme importance, flame spread has been recognized as the mainfactor associated with testing fire-retardant coatings.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and App
12、lications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.Current edition approved June 1, 2011Dec. 1, 2016. Published June 2011December 2016. Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 20042011 asD3806 98 (2004).(2011). D
13、OI: 10.1520/D3806-98R11.10.1520/D3806-98R16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standardsstandards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Availa
14、ble from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.19111-5094, http:/quicksearch.dla.mil.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user
15、 of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as
16、published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2 Flame spread ratings based upon Test Method E84 have acquired common acceptance by regulatory agencies, but suchlarge-scal
17、e tests are seldom practical during the development or modification of a fire-retardant coating.3.3 This test method provides the relative flame spread of experimental coatings using small test specimens. By calibrating the2-foot tunnel with Test Method E84-rated fire-retardant paint, results obtain
18、ed by this test method should be indicative of thoseobtained with a large specimen in the Test Method E84 tunnel.4. Apparatus4.1 Flame Tunnel4 (see Fig. 1A)610-mm (two-foot) flame tunnel consisting of asbestos-cement board mounted on an ironframework and supplied with natural gas fuel of uniform qua
19、lity.4.1.1 The framework is constructed of 3 by 25 by 25-mm (18 by 1 by 1-in.) angle iron, the top of which provides a 610 by100-mm (24 by 4-in.) specimen holder inclined at 28 to the horizontal. The framework is mounted on a 250 by 610 by 13-mm(10 by 24 by 12-in.) steel base. The specimen holder is
20、 elevated 185 mm (738 in.) above the base at the lower (fire) end and 480mm (1878 in.) at the upper (flue) end.4.1.2 The fire end and sides of the tunnel are covered to the extent shown in Fig. 1, with 6-mm (14-in.) asbestos-cement board5or 6-mm (14-in.) inorganic reinforced-cement board6 attached t
21、o the inside of the angle iron framework. The open flue end andthe cut-out sides allow a natural draft through the tunnel. Additional air access is provided by a 25-mm (1-in.) hole drilled in thecover at the fire end, centered and 115 mm (412 in.) above the base.4.1.3 An observation window made of a
22、 50-mm (2-in.) wide strip of 3-mm (18-in.) polished heat-resistant sheet glass7 is locatedjust below the specimen holder, extending the full length of the tunnel, 610 mm (24 in.). This glass is marked by any appropriatemethod at 1-in. intervals from 4 to 22 in. A 560 by 55 by 2-mm (22 by 214 by 116-
23、in.) sheet metal shield is attached above thewindow, slanting downwards at an angle of 60 to shield the observation window. The angle iron panel holder is notched alongthe bottom or supporting lip of the angle at 25-mm (1-in.) intervals to assist in the measurements of the flame advance.NOTE 1A rule
24、 may also be mounted outside the observation window to help measure the flame advancement.4.1.4 A 2.5-mm (332-in.) hole is drilled in the side of the specimen holder immediately above the center of the burner to allowinsertion of a thermocouple.4.1.5 The tunnel should be placed in an area as free fr
25、om drafts as possible with facilities for removal or escape of combustionproducts. (Standard laboratory hood with forced draft off during test.)4.2 Burner,8215 mm (8.5 in.) high with 40-mm diameter, 10-mm thick grid for use with natural gas. The burner is placed 57mm (214 in.) in from the fire end o
26、f the tunnel and 25 mm (1 in.) below the bottom side of the sample holder, that is, 30 mm (118in.) from the bottom of the specimen. See Fig. 1.NOTE 2Artificial gas or liquid petroleum (LP) gas may be used, but burners designed for these types of gases must be used.4.3 Ignition Transformer, or other
27、suitable ignition source, to generate a spark through a 2-mm (116-in.) Nichrome wire to theburner barrel. The transformer is activated by a push-button type spark switch.4.4 Gas Supply, of uniform quality controlled by a positive-flow pressure regulatory valve (0 to 152 mm (0 to 6 in.) water) anda g
28、as flowmeter (0.6 to 5.0 SCFH).4.5 Insulating and Fire Resistant Backing for Test Panels, consisting of 100 by 605-mm (378 by 2378-in.) pieces of 13-mm(12-in.) asbestos-cement board or inorganic reinforced cement board and 12-in. steel plate applied one above the other with asbestoscement or the ino
29、rganic reinforced cement board placed directly on top of the test panel.4.6 Thermocouple9totally shielded (see Note 3), installed through the hole in the side of the specimen holder so that its tip restson the back, cool side, of the test panel.NOTE 3Some commercial tunnels are supplied with more th
30、an one thermocouple.4 The sole source of supply of a suitable cabinet and assembly known to the committee at this time is Dek-Tron Scientific, 244 East 3rd St., Plainfield, NJ 07060. If youare aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your co
31、mments will receive careful consideration at a meeting ofthe responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.5 The sole source of supply of an asbestos-cement board, transite, known to the committee at this time is Manville Corp., Denver CO 80217 If you are aware of alternativesuppliers, plea
32、se provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technicalcommittee,1 which you may attend.6 The sole source of supply of inorganic reinforced-cement board, #100S and 100H, nominal 1600 to 1760 kg/m3 (100
33、 to 110 lb/ft3), known to the committee at this timeis Shameful Corp., 100 Spence Lane, Nashville, TN 37210. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
34、technical committee,1 which you may attend.7 Quartz or high-silica glass has been found satisfactory for this purpose.8 The sole source of supply of a burner, Catalog No. 3902 for artificial gas, or Catalog No. 3900 and 3902 for natural gas and LP gas, respectively, known to thecommittee at this tim
35、e is Fisher Scientific Co. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your commentswill receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.9 The sole source of supply of a thermo
36、couple, Megopak Type J, known to the committee at this time is Megopak Co. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, pleaseprovide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 whichyou may
37、 attend.D3806 98 (2016)2FIG. 1 Flame TunnelD3806 98 (2016)34.7 Recording Potentiometer, 0 to 300C range.4.8 Audible Timer, set to sound at 15-s intervals to indicate the time for flame-front measurements.4.9 Constant Temperature and Humidity Room or Cabinet, maintained at 50 6 5 % relative humidity
38、and 23 6 2C (73.5 63.5F).5. Test Panels5.1 Test PanelsSee Table 1 for a list of various woods and their densities. Wood, 6 by 100 by 605-mm (14 by 378 by 2378-in.)close grained, as nearly edge grain as possible and free from knots and imperfections. The panels should be solid wood withsurfaces plane
39、d and sanded (see Note 4). Kiln-dry test panels to contain not more than 10 weight % of moisture on an oven drybasis.NOTE 4Douglas fir, 6.3-mm (14-in.) 3-ply, marinegrade plywood may be used upon agreement between manufacturer and user. Asbestos-cementboard, steel, or concrete may be used upon agree
40、ment between manufacturer and user.5.1.1 Prior to coating, condition test panels for 14 days in the controlled atmosphere of 50 6 5 % relative humidity and 23 62C (73.5 6 3.5F) to a 9 to 10 % moisture content. Refer to Table 1 for the density and weight per panel of each listed wood.5.1.2 Seal the e
41、nds of the panels with two coats of varnish conforming to Fed. Spec. TT-V-119 after conditioning. Allow eachcoat of varnish to air-dry 18 to 24 h.6. Calibration Standards6.1 Zero-Flame SpreadAsbestos-cement board, Type F conforming to Specification C220, 13 by 100 by 605 mm (12 by 378by 2378 in.), c
42、onditioned as in 5.1.1.NOTE 5Inorganic reinforced cement board, 6.3-mm (14-in.) thick may be substituted for asbestos cement.6.2 Fire-Rated StandardA test panel, similar to that used with test coatings, coated with Test Method E84 rated paint at themanufacturers recommended spreading rate and condit
43、ioned as in Section 7.NOTE 6Do not use paint beyond manufacturersmanufacturers stated shelf life.7. Preparation of Test Panels7.1 Thoroughly mix the coating under test by a suitable means until it is uniform in composition and consistency. Test MethodsD2196 describes a suitable preparation procedure
44、.7.2 Determine the density of the coating in accordance with Test Method D1475 in grams per millilitre (or pounds per gallon)for calculating the weight of the coating to be applied to the panel to comply with the specified spreading rate.7.3 Brush apply the coating to conditioned test panels in as u
45、niform a manner as possible to obtain the specified spreading rate.A suitable procedure appears in Test Method D344. Application may be by other conventional means and in as many coats asrequired to obtain the necessary weight of coating, or desired wet or dryfilm thickness.7.4 Calculate the weight
46、of coating to be applied using the following equation:W 5S3 78323 78DD144 SR 3454 (1)where:W = weight of applied wet coating, g,D = coating density, lb/gal, andTABLE 1 Densities and Panel Weights of Various Woods (Conditioned at Relative Humidity 50 5 % and 23 2C(73.5 3.5F) for 14 days)Type of WoodD
47、ensity (9 to 10 % Moisture),kg/m3 (lb/ft3)Weight of 378 by 2378 by 14 in.Panel, gRed cedar345 to 360 (21.4 to 22.4) 130 to 140Douglas fir465 to 560 (29 to 35) 180 to 215White pine-Ponderosa pine360 to 420 (22.4 to 26.4) 140 to 160Southern yellow pine495 to 590 (31 to 37) 190 to 225Redwood435 to 450
48、(27.2 to 28.2) 165 to 175D3806 98 (2016)4SR = spreading rate, ft2/gal.where:W = weight of applied wet coating, g,D = coating density, lb/gal, andSR = spreading rate, ft2/gal.7.4.1 Use the following equation when metric units are employed:W 560.5 DSR(2)where:W = weight of applied wet coating, g,D = c
49、oating density, g/mL, andSR = spreading rate in m2/L.where:W = weight of applied wet coating, g,D = coating density, g/mL, andSR = spreading rate in m2/L.7.5 Dry the coated panels under standard conditions (4.9) until equilibrium weight is obtained, allowing sufficient time for thecomplete evaporation of solvents, any curing that might be required by the material, and for the attainment of equilibrium moisturecontent. Forty-eight hours are normally sufficient except for certain coatings that may require longer pe
