1、Designation: D3836 94 (Reapproved 2007)D3836 13Standard Practice for Evaluation ofAutomotive Polish1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3836; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers testing properties and apparatus used in evaluating the performance of automotive polishes. Thispractice is a
3、pplicable to products that are commonly referred to as car/auto wax, cleaner wax, polish, etc.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any
4、, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standard:D1133 Test Method for Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydrocarbon
5、 Solvents3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 automotive polishaids in liquid or paste formulation for cleaning and improving the appearance of automobile finishes.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is intended to define the properties to be tested, the appara
6、tus to use, and the comparisons of productperformance. It is recognized that considerable discretion exists among formulators and marketers of automotive polish on whatproperties or performance characteristics are best most important for their products. This practice is flexible enough to honor this
7、fact within the confines of the automotive polish definition below.definition.4.2 The test methods methods of this practice are subjective and empirical in order to conform to the basic characteristicsprac-tices of the industry and to allow flexibility in testing.5. Apparatus and Materials5.1 Sample
8、 of Polish Test Polish. to be tested.5.2 Sample of Control PolishThe control polish is selected subjectively for comparison to the test polish. It may be acompetitive product, a modified formulation of the test polish, etc. It should be recognized that automotive polishes are formulatedto perform di
9、fferent functions. This should be taken into account when interpreting results and choosing the control polish.5.3 Test SubstratesThe test substrate shall be one for which the test polish is intended (Note 1). The test surface shall be ingood physical condition, not badly cracked, scratched, or othe
10、rwise damaged so as to interfere with evaluation of polish properties.The minimum test surface area for each sample shall be 1290 cm2 (200 in2).NOTE 1It is important to select a test substrate for which a particular polish is intended. For example, if a particular polish is intended for a certainmak
11、e of car only, then the test substrate should be similar.NOTE 1It is important to select a test substrate for which a particular polish is intended. For example, if a particular polish is intended for a certainmake of car only, then the test substrate should reflect this. Standard paint panels that
12、were previously available through ASTM have been discontinuedas of January 1, 1988. It became very difficult to maintain paint panels that were representative of all current and past paint technologies used tomanufacture automotive finishes. Since 4.35.3 requires that the test substrate be one for w
13、hich the test polish is intended, it is in the best interest of theuser of this practice to determine and obtain the appropriate test surface or coating, or both. ASTM Committee D-21D21 on Polishes suggests if furtherassistance is needed in determining or obtaining appropriate test substrates that c
14、ontact be made with automotive paint manufacturers, automobile1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D21 on Polishes and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D21.04 on Performance Tests.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007Oct. 1, 2013. Published March 2007October 2013.
15、Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 19992007 asD3836 94 (1999).(2007). DOI: 10.1520/D3836-94R07.10.1520/D3836-13.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous
16、version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM Interna
17、tional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1manufacturers, and/oror re-painting technology specialists.services.5.4 Polishing ClothThe same type and size of polishing cloth shall be used with each sample tested. Separate cloths shall beused for each sa
18、mple. Materials such as washed cheese cloth, rumple cloth, flannel, cotton diaper cloth, and nonwoven fabrics aresuitable for this purpose. Felt or paper shall not be used.5.5 Cleaning Solvent:5.5.1 Aliphatic solvents with kauri butanol (Kb) values less than 38. (See Test Method D1133.)5.5.2 Water/i
19、sopropanol (70/30).5.6 Eye Droppers and Distilled or Deionized Water.5.7 Masking Tape, with a 9.5-mm (38-in.) width.5.8 Thermometer.5.9 Humidity Gage.6. Test Conditions6.1 The equilibrated temperature and relative humidity of the test runs shall be measured and recorded. The temperature shallbe with
20、in 13 to 29C (55 to 85F) with a relative humidity of 20 to 80 %.6.2 The substrate shall have the same temperature as the surrounding area.7. Personnel and Instructions7.1 The application and evaluation of the test and control polishes requirerequires four individuals. They shall be capable ofmaking
21、discriminating judgementsjudgments of subjective physical and aesthetic properties. Training and orientation to specificproduct performance characteristics may be required.7.2 The four persons each apply the polishes to one of the four test substrates. All persons then rate all properties exceptappl
22、ication properties on the remaining (three) substrates to which they did not apply polish. The persons applying the polishesrate Each person will rate the ease of use and other application properties. properties that they experienced. Each person will rateeach of the four test panels for all of the
23、pertinent performance properties being tested. This means there will be only four readingson application properties. The three rating the other polish properties do not observe the application because they rate propertiesof each polish “blind.”ratings of application properties and twelve sets of rat
24、ings of other polish performance properties.NOTE 2For intralaboratory and development work the observations of an individual experimenter may be substituted as long as the decrease inaccuracy is considered.8. Procedure8.1 Cleaning of Test SubstratesUsing soft cotton towels, first clean the test subs
25、trate thoroughly with an aliphatic solventhaving a kauri butanol value less than 38.Wipe dry. Using new soft cotton towels, reclean with a water/isopropanol solvent mixture(70/30). Wipe dry with a clean soft cotton towel.NOTE 3If polishes containing resins or reactive polymers, or both, or unknown p
26、olishes have been previously used on the test substrate, precleanwith an abrasive cleaner to ensure their complete removal.8.2 Surface SubdivisionDivide the precleaned surface of each test substrate and outline by tape with uniform squares.8.3 Blind TestingThe test polish and control polish samples
27、will be labeled in code so that the identity and status of thesamples is not known to the testers.8.4 Application of PolishAssuming the control polish or the test polish is a commercially available product, follow thedirections on the container so far as is possible. manufacturers directions. When i
28、n doubt on the method of use, the directions forsimilar products may be used. Equal volumes of control and test polish shall be used to avoid excessively thin or heavy coats ofpolish. One or two applications may be used depending on the substrate and the discretion of the tester. The same number of
29、coatsmust be used for both the test polish and the control polish.9. Placement of Polishes9.1 Method AA controlled randomized method laying out the test (X) and control (C) polishes is represented as follows:Test Panel Left Center Right1 C X C2 C C X3 X C X4 X X CThese four positionings should be wr
30、itten on tags and drawn randomly by each of the four who apply the polishes.9.2 Method BA controlled randomized method of laying out the test (X) and control (C) polishes is represented as follows:D3836 132Test Panel Left Right1 C X2 X C3 C X4 X CThese four positionings should be written on tags and
31、 drawn randomly by each of the four who apply the polishes.10. Evaluation10.1 GeneralComparison is made between the test polish and the control.control by reporting relative performance of leftversus center versus right (Method A) or left versus right (Method B).10.2 Application PropertiesDuring the
32、 application of the polish begin the first phase of evaluation. In each case compare thetest polish and the control. Evaluate evaluate relative performance of all or any number of the following properties:10.2.1 Ease of ApplicationDuring the application of the polishes note the ease of wetting, spre
33、adability, and absence of drag.10.2.2 CleaningFollowing the application of the polishes inspect the discoloration, if any, on applicators (towels). Also notethe effect of applying the polishes on the test surfaces.10.2.3 Drying RateTake readings of time in minutes for each polish to dry.10.2.4 Ease
34、of Wipe OffNote effort necessary to wipe off each of the polishes from test substrate.10.2.5 PowderingNote the degree of powdering, if any, during the wipe off of polishes from test substrate.10.2.6 Ease of Rub Up to Maximum Gloss During application of the polishes, note the time and ease with which
35、 each productdevelops maximum gloss.10.3 Final PropertiesFive to ten minutes following the second phase of the application of the polishes, begin the evaluation.In each case compare the test polish and the control. Evaluate evaluate relative performance of all or any number of the followingpropertie
36、s:10.3.1 GlossEvaluate as depth of gloss.10.3.2 UniformityObserve the surface for streaks, unpolished dry spots, and general uniformity.10.3.3 Distinctness of ImageObserve the clearness or sharpness of an image of an object in the polished surface. Overheadlights, face, hand, or other objects may be
37、 used for reflection.This test may be eliminated for low-luster surfaces that do not possessmirror-like finishes.10.3.4 Smear and Mar ResistanceSmear is the degree of oiliness or greasiness after the polish is rubbed up to the desiredpolish appearance. Mar is the degree of film damage resulting from
38、 a glancing blow to the polish substrate. Check smear by makinga design such as an “S” with a smoothly rounded object (finger or glass or metal rod) wrapped in a soft cotton cloth. A glancingblow with knuckles or a soft object such as a book or magazine may be used for determining the degree of mar.
39、10.3.5 Film HealingObserve the length of time required for the smear orpolish to develop resistance to smear and mar in9.3.410.3.4 to disappear from the polish film10.3.6 RebuffabilityObserve the ease and completeness of repairability when the smears and mars imparted in 10.3.4 arebuffed with a poli
40、shing cloth. Note the amount of physical effort and length of time required.10.3.7 CleaningObserve the ease of removal of old polish films as well as common soiling materials such as dust, grease, oils,finger marks, tree sap, etc. This may be done either in the laboratory or during actual use trials
41、 of the products. In the laboratory,removal of old polish may be determined by applying multiple coats (10 to 20 applications) and determining polish buildup. Apolish showing little buildup would be rated a good cleaner for old polish. Other soiling materials, such as greases, oils, tree sap,etc., s
42、hould be tested on an individual basis.10.3.8 Water SpottingAt least 2 h (Note 34) after application of the polishes, place at random to the polished surfacesrandomly place several spots of water about the size of a penny. penny on the polish surfaces. Allow the water to remain on thesurface for 5 m
43、in, 15 min, 30 min, and 1 h. At precise intervals, blot the water with a paper towel or other absorbent material. DONOT WIPE. Observe the presence and degree of film damage. Other materials such as 2 % salt solution, tree sap, windshieldwasher fluid, etc., may be used to supplement the water test.NO
44、TE 4Under operating conditions at the extremes specified in 5.16.1, additional time may be required.10.3.9 Gloss RetentionObserve the degree of gloss of a freshly applied polish film compared to that of an aged polish film.10.3.10 Dust AttractionCarefully remove all dust and dirt from the polished s
45、ubstrate. Expose the test substrate to accumulatedust using a method of choice. Make observations for dust buildup after 1, 2, 3, and 7 day aging.11. Report11.1 Method AUsing Method A (8.19.1), rate all properties on a scale of 0 to 5. A 5, where a value of 5 equalsis excellentand 0 equalsdenotes co
46、mplete failure. Values in between are various degrees between these extremes. This is a judgmental valuesystem for each test surface evaluated based on each individual raters own reference scale. Since the three individuals rating thefinal properties do not know the placement sequence, each polished
47、 area is rated “blind” with no greatly reduced possibility forbias.D3836 13311.1.1 Fig. 1 shall be used to record the raw data. Fig. 2 shall be used to summarize and compare the raw data. The followingcalculation provides a rating factor for each property tested:F = rating factor for test polish,Fc
48、= rating factor for control polish,Xprop-erty= sum of all readings of a specific property for the test polish,Xproperty = sum of all readings of a specific property for the test polish,Cprop-erty= sum of all readings of a specific property for the control polish,Cproperty = sum of all readings of a
49、specific property for the control polish,n = number of observations, andF = X propertynFc = Cpropertyn11.2 Method BUsing Method B (8.29.2), rate all properties 1 to 5 with the control surface always given a rating of 3 regardlessof how good or bad it really is. The scale has the following adjectival ratings:1 = significantly poorer than control2 = slightly poorer than control3 = no difference from control4 = slightly better than control5 = significantly better than controlThis value system is a paired comparison with the control surface alw
