1、Designation: D3840 14 An American National StandardStandard Specification for“Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin)Pipe Fittings for Nonpressure Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3840; the number immediately following the designation indicates the y
2、ear oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers fiberglass pipe fittings i
3、n-tended for use in gravity flow systems for conveying sanitarysewage, storm water, and those industrial wastes for which thefittings are determined to be suitable. Elbows, tees, laterals,crosses, reducers, and adapters are included. Both glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting-resin pipe (RTRP) and gl
4、ass-fiber-reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP) are fiberglass pipes.NOTE 1For the purposes of this standard, polymer does not includenatural polymers.1.2 This specification is intended to cover only dimensions,material properties, and workmanship rather than the structuraldesign of the fittings. Th
5、e structural design of the fittings shallbe as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier, and needsto take into consideration the anticipated conditions of instal-lation and service.1.3 This specification covers only fittings fabricated fromcut sections of pipe, or from a combination of pipe sectio
6、ns andcontact molded (hand layup), or machine fabricated compo-nents.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are providedfor information purposes only.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portion,
7、 Section 11, of this specification.Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions
8、prior to use.NOTE 2There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD1763 Specification for Epoxy ResinsD229
9、0 Test Method for Apparent Hoop Tensile Strength ofPlastic or Reinforced Plastic PipeD3262 Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Sewer PipeD3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiberglass”(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe andFittingsD3892
10、 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Join-ing Plastic Pipe3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 GeneralDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nologies D883 and F412.Abbreviations are in ac
11、cordance withTerminology D1600, unless otherwise indicated.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 fiberglass pipea tubular product containing glassfiber reinforcements embedded in or surrounded by curedthermosetting resin. It is acceptable for the composite structureto contain aggr
12、egate, granular or platelet fillers, thixotropicagents, pigments or dyes. It is acceptable to include thermo-plastic or thermosetting liners or coatings.3.2.2 reinforced polymer mortar pipea fiberglass pipewith aggregate.3.2.3 reinforced thermosetting resin pipea fiberglass pipewithout aggregate.3.2
13、.4 qualificationOne or more tests used to prove thedesign of a product. Not a routine quality control test.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on ReinforcedPlastic Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment
14、.Current edition approved April 1, 2014. Published April 2014. Originallyapproved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D3840 10. Thisspecification replaces Specification D4160. DOI: 10.1520/D3840-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cu
15、stomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken
16、, PA 19428-2959. United States1NOTE 3Qualification requirements appear in 6.1, 7.2, and 12.3.4. Materials4.1 Laminating Resin:4.1.1 Type 1Polyester thermosetting resin, with or withoutfillers or thixotropic agents or both.NOTE 4For the purpose of this standard, polyester includes vinyl esterresins.4
17、.1.2 Type 2Epoxy resin, conforming to the requirementsof Specification D1763, with or without fillers or thixotropicagents, or both.4.2 Reinforcement:4.2.1 Grade 1A commercial grade of glass fibers with apolyester-compatible finish.4.2.2 Grade 2A commercial grade of glass fibers with anepoxy-compati
18、ble finish.4.3 GasketsThe elastomeric gaskets used with the fittingsjoined to pipe shall conform to the requirements of Specifica-tion F477.5. Fabrication5.1 Permissible Components:5.1.1 Fittings covered under this specification shall befabricated from cut section of pipe that conform to therequirem
19、ents of Specification D3262, or from a combination ofsuch pipe sections and contact molded (hand layup) or machinefabricated components.5.1.2 It is acceptable to incorporate saddles, wrappers,necked flanges, and other components of metal or otherdissimilar materials, as agreed upon between purchaser
20、 andsupplier, provided the materials of such components areresistant to the corrosive effects of the internal and externalenvironments anticipated in service, or are lined or coated orboth with materials that provide equivalent protection.5.2 Bonding and Laminate Overlay Reinforcements:5.2.1 Section
21、s of the fitting shall be aligned and bondedtogether using polyester (Type 1) or epoxy (Type 2) resinmaterials with or without fiberglass reinforcement. Fiberglassreinforcement materials shall be compatible with the laminat-ing resin; Grade 1 reinforcements shall be used with Type 1laminating resin,
22、 and Grade 2 reinforcements shall be usedwith Type 2 laminating resin.5.2.2 It is acceptable to apply laminated reinforcing over-lays of bonded seams to either the outside or inside surface ofthe fitting, or to both inside and outside surfaces. The laminateshall be of chemically resistant constructi
23、on suitable for thepurpose and shall provide the additional strength necessary tomeet the physical requirements shown in Table 1. Finishedseam overlays shall be built up in two or more successivelayers of reinforcement and shall be as crevice free asdescribed in this paragraph and 5.2.3. The width o
24、f the firstlayer shall be 2 in. (50 mm) minimum. Successive layers shallincrease uniformly in width to provide the specified minimumtotal width of overlay that shall be centered on the seam. Table1 shows minimum widths of overlays required. The ends ofeach layer of reinforcement shall be overlapped
25、a minimum of1 in. (25 mm). Crevices between joined sections shall be filledwith a filled resin paste, leaving a smooth inner surface. Theinterior of the seams shall also be sealed by covering with notless than a 0.03 in. (0.76 mm) thickness of reinforced resin-richsurface that provides corrosion res
26、istance suitable for theintended service. Alternatively, when it is necessary to fabri-cate a fitting where the size and configuration do not allowadequate access to interior seams, the cut edges of sectionsshall be sealed prior to assembly and any reinforcing overlayprotected by a resin-rich surfac
27、e that provides corrosionresistance suitable for the intended service.5.2.3 Components of dissimilar materials, such as steel topolyester or epoxy laminates, or polyester to epoxy laminates,shall be bonded with a resin compound capable of adhering toboth materials. The resin compound shall contact t
28、he joiningsurfaces of both components with the spaces between thecomponents filled. The excess resin compound that extrudesfrom the seam shall be removed, leaving a smooth fillet.Sealing laminates and reinforcing overlays shall be appliedwhere required (see 5.1.1, 5.2.1, and 5.2.2).6. Joints6.1 The
29、fitting joints shall be coupling or bell-and-spigot inaccordance with the joint requirements of Specification D3262,unless otherwise specified. It is acceptable to qualify jointdesigns on straight sections of pipe.7. Physical Requirements7.1 Properties of structural laminates, used either as seamrei
30、nforcing overlays or as contact molded or machine fabri-cated components, other than cut sections of pipe, shall be asshown in Table 1, when tested in accordance with 11.1.7.2 Shear StrengthThe minimum shear strength of seamreinforcing overlays shall be 500 psi (3.45 MPa) when tested inaccordance wi
31、th 11.2.8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations8.1 Wall ThicknessThe wall thickness of any area of thefitting furnished under this specification shall not at any pointbe less than 87.5 % of the nominal wall thickness published inthe manufacturers literature current at the time of purchasewhen measu
32、red in accordance with 11.3.1.8.2 Fitting DiametersFittings shall be supplied in nominaldiameters as given in Specification D3262. The fitting diametertolerances shall be as given in Specification D3262, whenmeasured in accordance with 11.3.2.8.3 LengthsThe tolerance for the laying length and others
33、ignificant dimensions shall be 62 in. (651 mm) or 61%ofthe dimension, whichever is greater. See Tables 2-6 and Figs.1 and 2 for typical minimum laying lengths.8.4 Angular DimensionsAngular dimensions shall have atolerance of 61 when measured in accordance with 11.3.4.9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appe
34、arance9.1 The inside surfaces of each fitting shall blend smoothlyand shall be free of bulges, dents, ridges, or other irregularitiesthat result in a variation of more than18 in. (3.2 mm) from thatobtained on adjacent portions of the surface.D3840 142NOTE 5This requirement is concerned with roughnes
35、s and wavinessand does not apply to diameter tolerances or thickness of internal seamreinforcement if present. See 8.2 for inside diameter tolerances, includinginternal reinforcement.9.2 Joint sealing surfaces shall be free of dents, gouges,cracks, and other surface imperfections that will affect th
36、eintegrity of the joints.9.3 The inner surface of each reinforced plastic fittingcomponent and connecting seam shall be composed of resinwith or without reinforcement, aggregate, or filler. No glassfiber-reinforcement shall penetrate the interior surface of thefitting wall.9.4 Internal and external
37、reinforcements shall be free ofvoids, dry spots, cracks, and crazing. Some waviness in theinternal reinforcement is permissible so long as the surface issmooth. Unless otherwise agreed upon between purchaser andsupplier, all fittings shall meet the visual and repair criteria ofTables 7 and 8.9.5 Fit
38、tings shall show good workmanship, including uni-formity from item to item.10. Sampling10.1 LotUnless otherwise agreed upon between purchaserand supplier, one lot shall consist of 100 fittings of each type,grade, and construction of laminate overlay reinforcement, orcontact molded or machine fabrica
39、ted component, or both.10.2 Unit SampleSelect one fitting from each lot. Preparea sample or representative laminate and test specimens todetermine conformance with the requirements of 7.1 forultimate tensile strength.11. Test Methods11.1 Ultimate Tensile StrengthDetermine the ultimate ten-sile stren
40、gth of sample laminate specimens cut from seamreinforcing overlays or contact molded or machine fabricatedcomponents, or from specimens of a laminate fabricated to beconsistent in every way with the construction used in thereinforcing overlay or component of the fitting. One or both ofthe following
41、test methods shall be employed at the manufac-turers option:11.1.1 Test Method D2290, using Type B specimens, exceptthat the size of the specimens shall be permitted to be modifiedand speed of testing and rate of crosshead motion shall notapply. Record the load to fail of each specimen and determine
42、the specimen width as close to the break as possible. Use themeasured width and failure load to calculate the tensilestrength.TABLE 1 Minimum Properties of Structural LaminatesNominal Diameter, in. (mm) Minimum Hoop TensileStrength, lbf/in. (kN/m) ofwidthAMinimum Axial TensileStrength, lbf/in. (kN/m
43、)of circumferenceAMinimum Total Width ofOverlay, in. (mm)B8 (203) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)10 (254) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)12 (305) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)14 (356) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)15 (381) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)16 (406) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)18 (457) 1600 (
44、280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)20 (508) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)21 (533) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)24 (610) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)27 (686) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)30 (762) 1600 (280) 1600 (280) 4 (100)33 (838) 1700 (300) 1700 (300) 6 (150)36 (914) 1800 (315) 1800 (315) 6 (150)39 (991) 20
45、00 (350) 2000 (350) 6 (150)42 (1067) 2100 (368) 2100 (368) 6 (150)45 (1143) 2300 (403) 2300 (403) 6 (150)48 (1219) 2400 (420) 2400 (420) 8 (200)51 (1295) 2600 (455) 2600 (455) 8 (200)54 (1372) 2700 (473) 2700 (473) 8 (200)60 (1524) 3000 (525) 3000 (525) 8 (200)66 (1676) 3300 (578) 3300 (578) 10 (250
46、)72 (1829) 3600 (630) 3600 (630) 10 (250)78 (1981) 3900 (683) 3900 (683) 10 (250)84 (2134) 4200 (736) 4200 (736) 12 (300)90 (2286) 4500 (788) 4500 (788) 12 (300)96 (2438) 4800 (841) 4800 (841) 14 (350)102 (2591) 5100 (893) 5100 (893) 16 (400)108 (2743) 5400 (946) 5400 (946) 16 (400)114 (2896) 5700 (
47、998) 5700 (998) 16 (400)120 (3048) 6000 (1051) 6000 (1051) 16 (400)132 (3353) 6600 (1156) 6600 (1156) 18 (450)144 (3658) 7200 (1261) 7200 (1261) 20 (500)156 (3962) 7800 (1366) 7800 (1366) 22 (550)AThe values given are minimums only. Sound engineering practice dictates that all fittings be designed t
48、o withstand the loads and conditions anticipated in the service forwhich they are intended.BThe dimensions given are minimums for“ butt-and-strap type joints.D3840 14311.1.2 Test Method D638, using flat Type I specimens,except that the specimens shall be the actual thickness of thereinforcing overla
49、y or fabricated component and the otherdimensions shall be suitable for the specimen thickness and thetesting apparatus. Specimens shall be permitted to be machinedon the edges, but shall not be machined on the surface. Tensilestrength shall be the average of five specimens tested at a speedof 0.20 to 0.25 in. (5 to 6.4 mm)/min.11.1.3 Conduct tests of anisotropic laminates to determinethe ultimate tensile strength in both the hoop and axialdirections. The ultimate tensile strength of isotropic laminatesshall be permitted to be determined in either the
