1、Designation: D3884 09 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Method forAbrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform,Double-Head Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3884; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abra-sion resistance of textile fabrics us
3、ing the rotary platform,double-head tester (RPDH).NOTE 1Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance oftextile fabrics are given in Test Methods D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158,D4966, and AATCC 93.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard: the values in English units are p
4、rovided as informa-tion only and are not exact equivalents.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bi
5、lity of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD3885 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of TextileFabrics (Flexing and Abrasion Method)D3886 Test Method for Abrasion Resi
6、stance of TextileFabrics (Inflated Diaphragm Apparatus)D4157 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of TextileFabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)D4158 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics(Uniform Abrasion)D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric TestMethodsD4966 Test Method for Ab
7、rasion Resistance of TextileFabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)D5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics (Grab Test)D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics (Strip Method)D7255 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Leather(Rotary P
8、latform, Double-Head Method)2.2 Other Documents:AATCC 93 Abrasion Resistance of Fabrics: AcceleratorMethod33. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.60, Fabric TestMethods, Specific, refer to Terminology D4850.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:abrasion, abrasion cyc
9、le, breaking force.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer toTerminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Aspecimen is abraded using rotary rubbing action undercontrolled conditions of pressure and abrasive action. The testspecimen, mounted on a turntable platform, turns on a verti
10、calaxis, against the sliding rotation of two abrading wheels. Oneabrading wheel rubs the specimen outward toward the periph-ery and the other, inward toward the center. The resultingabrasion marks form a pattern of crossed arcs over an area ofapproximately 30 cm2. Resistance to abrasion is evaluated
11、 byvarious means which are described in Section 13.5. Significance and Use5.1 The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textileand other materials is very complex. The resistance to abrasionis affected by many factors, such as the inherent mechanicalproperties of the fibers; the dimensions of
12、 the fibers; thestructure of the yarns; the construction of the fabrics; and thetype, kind, and amount of finishing material added to the fibers,yarns, or fabric.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fa
13、bric Test Methods,Specific.Current edition approved July 1, 2013. Published September 2013. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D3884 09. DOI:10.1520/D3884-09R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at
14、 serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http:/www.aatcc.org.Copyright ASTM I
15、nternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 The resistance to abrasion is also greatly affected by theconditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant, variableaction of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, thetension of the
16、 specimen, the pressure between the specimenand abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimens.5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changesin the abradant during specific tests. The abradant mustaccordingly be discarded at frequent intervals or checkedperiodically against a
17、 standard. With disposable abradants, theabradant is used only once or discarded after limited use. Withpermanent abradants that use hardened metal or equivalentsurfaces, it is assumed that the abradant will not changeappreciably in a specific series of tests. Similar abradants usedin different labo
18、ratories will not change at the same rate, due todifferences in usage. Permanent abradants may also change dueto pick up of finishing or other material from test fabrics andmust accordingly be cleaned at frequent intervals. The mea-surement of the relative amount of abrasion may also beaffected by t
19、he method of evaluation and may be influenced bythe judgment of the operator.5.4 The resistance of textile materials to abrasion as mea-sured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally onlyone of several factors contributing to wear performance ordurability as experienced in the actual use
20、of the material.While “abrasion resistance” (often stated in terms of thenumber of cycles on a specified machine, using a specifiedtechnique to produce a specified degree or amount of abrasion)and “durability” (defined as the ability to withstand deteriora-tion or wearing out in use, including the e
21、ffects of abrasion) arefrequently related, the relationship varies with different enduses, and different factors may be necessary in any calculationof predicted durability from specific abrasion data. Laboratorytests may be reliable as an indication of relative end-useperformance in cases where the
22、difference in abrasion resis-tance of various materials is large, but they should not be reliedupon where differences in laboratory test findings are small. Ingeneral, they should not be relied upon for prediction of actualwear-life in specific end uses unless there are data showing thespecific rela
23、tionship between laboratory abrasion tests andactual wear in the intended end-use.5.5 These general observations apply to all types of fabrics,including woven, nonwoven, and knit apparel fabrics, house-hold fabrics, industrial fabrics, and floor coverings. It is notsurprising, therefore, to find tha
24、t there are many different typesof abrasion testing machines, abradants, testing conditions,testing procedures, methods of evaluation of abrasion resis-tance and interpretation of results.5.6 All the test procedures and instruments that have beendeveloped for abrasion resistance of fabrics may show
25、a highdegree of variability in results obtained by different operatorsand in different laboratories, however, they represent theprocedures most widely used in the industry. Because there isa definite need for measuring the relative resistance toabrasion, this is one of the several procedures that is
26、 useful tohelp minimize the inherent variation in results that may occur.5.7 Before definite predictions of fabric usefulness can bedrawn from an abrasion test as made on the rotary platform,double-head (RPDH) abrader (Fig. 1), actual end-use trialsshould be conducted and related to the abrasion tes
27、t. Differenttypes of wear (for example, wear on mens clothing at cuffs,crotch, etc.) may correspond to different ratings of the RPDHtest.5.8 In making a comparison of different fabrics (that is, ofdifferent fibers, weights, etc.) the RPDH test will not alwaysreveal a difference known to exist when t
28、he fabrics are actuallyused. Therefore, end-use trials should be conducted in conjunc-tion with the RPDH abrasion test, at least as a guide for futuretesting of these fabrics.5.9 Uncontrolled manufacturing or finishing variations oc-curring within a fabric or within lots of the same style of fabricc
29、an, however, be detected satisfactorily with the RPDH tester.5.10 Because of the conditions mentioned above, techni-cians frequently fail to get good agreement between resultsobtained on the same type of testing instrument both within andbetween laboratories, and the precision of these test methods
30、isuncertain. This test method is accordingly not recommendedfor acceptance testing in contractual agreements betweenpurchaser and supplier because of the poor between-laboratoryprecision of the test method.5.11 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween reported test results for two
31、 laboratories (or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there isa statistical bias between them, using competent statisticalassistance. As a minimum, the test samples used are to be ashomogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from whichthe disparate test results were obt
32、ained, and randomly assignedin equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test resultsfrom the two laboratories should be compared using a statis-tical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen priorto the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must befound and correct
33、ed, or future test results must be adjusted inconsideration of the known bias.6. Apparatus6.1 Rotary Platform, Double-Head (RPDH) Abrader4(Fig.1), consisting of the following elements described in6.1.1-6.1.56.1.1 Removeable, turntable platform that includes a rubberpad, clamp plate and knurled nut,
34、and clamp ring to secure thespecimen. The specimen holder shall be motor driven, andmounted so as to produce circular surface travel of a flatspecimen in the plane of its surface.6.1.2 Pair of pivoted arms to which the abrasive wheels andaccessory weights are attached.4The sole source of supply of t
35、he apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Taber Industries, 455 Bryant St. North Tonawanda, NY 14120. If you are awareof alternate suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM headquarters. Yourcomments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical commit
36、tee, which you may attend.D3884 09 (2013)26.1.3 Motor capable of rotating the platform and specimenat a speed of 72 62 r/min.6.1.4 Vacuum nozzle and vacuum cleaner for removal of lintand debris from specimen. The height of the vacuum nozzleshall be adjustable and the nozzle will have two openings on
37、eopening positioned between the two wheels and over the wearpath and the other placed diametrically opposite. The distancebetween the axes of the two openings shall be 76.0 61.0 mm.6.1.5 Counter for indicating the revolutions of the specimenholder.6.2 Abrasive wheels, which are attached to the free
38、end ofthe pivoted arms and rotate freely about horizontal spindles.6.2.1 Their internal faces shall be 52.4 61.0 mm apart andthe hypothetical line through the two spindles shall be 19.0560.3 mm away from the central axis of the turntable (see Fig.2). When resting on the specimen, the wheels will hav
39、e aperipheral engagement with the surface of the specimen, thedirection of travel of the periphery of the wheels and of thespecimen at the contacting portions being at acute angles, andthe angles of travel of one wheel periphery being opposite tothat of the other. Motion of the abrasive wheels, in o
40、ppositedirections, is provided by rotation of the specimen and theassociated friction therefrom.6.2.2 The abrasive wheels4are either resilient or vitrified-based. Both types of wheels consist of hard particles embeddedin a binder material and are manufactured in different grades ofabrasive quality.
41、The wheels shall be 12.7 60.3 mm thick andhave an external diameter of 51.9 60.5 mm when new, and inno case less than 44.4 mm.6.3 Accessory Loads, The RPDH abrader is provided with aload adjustment for varying the load of the abrader wheels onthe specimen. The pivoted abrader arms without auxiliaryw
42、eights or counter weights apply a load against the specimenof 250 g per wheel (exclusive of the mass of the wheel itself).The manufacturer provides additional weights that can be usedto increase the load to 500 or 1000 g per wheel, and acounterweight attachment that can be used to reduce the loadon
43、the specimen to 125 g per wheel.6.4 Auxiliary ApparatusResurfacing discs (S-11), ofcarborundum-coated paper, are used to resurface the resilientwheels.6.5 Abrasion Wheel Resurfacing Device, for resurfacingvitrified based wheels or for correcting uneven wheel wear.7. Sampling7.1 Take a lot sample as
44、directed in the applicable materialspecification, or as agreed upon by the purchaser and seller. Inthe absence of such a specification or other agreement, take alaboratory sample as directed in 7.1.1. Consider rolls or piecesof fabric to be the primary sampling unit.7.1.1 Take a laboratory sample th
45、at is the full width of thefabric and at least 50 cm (approximately 20 in.) long, fromeach roll or piece of fabric in the lot sample. The laboratorysample should be taken no closer than1m(1yd)from the endof each roll or piece of fabric.7.2 Sample shipments of garments as agreed upon bypurchaser and
46、seller.FIG. 1 Rotary Platform Double Head AbraderD3884 09 (2013)38. Number and Preparation of Test Specimens8.1 If the number of specimens to be tested is not specifiedby a material specification or an agreement between purchaserand seller, test five specimens.8.1.1 If the number of specimens to be
47、tested exceeds thenumber of laboratory samples, randomly select those labora-tory samples from which more than one test specimen will betaken. If not, test one specimen per laboratory sample.8.2 Take specimens from garment samples as agreed uponby all interested parties.8.3 Cut ten specimens approxi
48、mately 15 cm (6 in.) square,five for abrasion tests and five reserved for controls. For thefive specimens to be abraded, cut a 6-mm (14-in.) diameter holein the center of the specimen.8.3.1 For fabric widths 125 mm (5 in.) or more, take nospecimen closer than 25 mm (1 in.) from the selvage edge.8.3.
49、2 For fabric widths less than 125 mm (5 in.), use theentire width for specimens.8.3.3 Cut specimens representing a broad distribution di-agonally across the width of the laboratory sampling unit. Takelengthwise specimens from different positions across the widthof the fabric. Take widthwise specimens from different posi-tions along the length of the fabric.8.3.4 Ensure specimens are free of folds, creases, orwrinkles.Avoid getting oil, water, grease, etc. on the specimenswhen handling.8.3.5 If the fabric has a pattern, ensure that the specimensare a representative sampling
