1、Designation: D 3950 09Standard Specification forStrapping, Nonmetallic (and Joining Methods)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3950; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers nonmetallic strapping andjoin
3、ing methods intended for use in closing, reinforcing, andbundling articles for shipment, unitizing, palletizing, andbracing for car loading and truck loading.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI uni
4、ts that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 12, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the
5、responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD 3951 Practice for Commercia
6、l PackagingD 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, orPackaging Components for Testing2.2 Other Standards:ANSI/ASQC Z 1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables forInspection by Attributes3ANSI/ASQC Z 1.9 Sampling Procedures and Tables forInspection by Variables for Percent Nonconforming33. Te
7、rminology3.1 For general definitions of packaging and distributionenvironments, see Terminology D 996.4. Classification4.1 Types and Grades:Type I Strapping, bonded rayon cord.Grade 1Light duty.Grade 2Regular duty.Grade 3Heavy duty.Type IA Strapping, bonded, or woven polyester cord.Grade 1Light duty
8、.Grade 2Regular duty.Grade 3Heavy duty.Grade 4Extra heavy duty.Grade 5Special duty.Grade 6Special duty.Grade 7Special duty.Type II Strapping, polypropylene plastic.Type III Strapping, nylon plastic.Type IV Strapping, polyester plastic.5. Ordering Information5.1 The inquiry and order shall indicate t
9、he following:5.1.1 Type, grade, and dimensions required (see 4.1 and7.1),5.1.2 Length per coil (see 8.1),5.1.3 Joining method (see 6.2), type and size required (ifneeded),5.1.4 If an embossed finish on strapping is desired orallowed (see Footnote in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3),5.1.5 Make and mode
10、l of strapping equipment that thestrapping and joining method must work in, if applicable,5.1.6 Coil dimensions (see 8.1),5.1.7 Level of packaging and packing if other than commer-cial (see Section 15), and5.1.8 ASTM designation and date of issue.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Materials shall be of
11、 the quality necessary to meet thephysical requirements within the allowable dimensions.6.1.1 Type IStrapping shall consist of longitudinal rayoncords bonded with a plastic binder so that a nonwoven materialis formed.6.1.1.1 Type IAStrapping shall consist of longitudinalpolyester cords bonded with a
12、 plastic binder to form anonwoven material or longitudinal polyester cords woven witha weft thread and treated with a plastic binder to form a wovenmaterial.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.25 on Pall
13、etizingand Unitizing of Loads.Current edition approved March 15, 2009. Published March 2009. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 3950 07.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For A
14、nnual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
15、C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.1.2 Type IIStrapping shall be an extruded, orientedpolypropylene.6.1.3 Type IIIStrapping shall be an extruded, orientednylon.6.1.4 Type IVStrapping shall be an extruded, orientedpolyester.6.2 Joining MethodsIf seals or buckles are to be used,th
16、ey shall be steel and have a coating of zinc, black iron oxide,or equivalent protection from corrosion, or buckles may bemade of plastic.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Breaking Strength and Elongation (see 12.2):7.1.1 Type I and Type IA strapping shall conform to thebreaking strengths and elongations p
17、rescribed in Table 4 andTable 5.7.1.2 Type II strapping shall conform to the breakingstrengths and elongations prescribed in Table 1.7.1.3 Type III strapping shall conform to the breakingstrengths and elongations prescribed in Table 2.7.1.4 Type IV strapping shall conform to the breakingstrengths an
18、d elongations prescribed in Table 3.7.2 Transverse strength of Types I and IA strapping shall bea minimum of 2.75 lbf (12.2 N) and 2.25 lbf (10 N),respectively, when tested in accordance with 12.4.7.3 Joint Strength (see 12.3).7.3.1 Type I and Type IA Grade 1 and Grade 2 joinedstrapping shall have a
19、 strength of not less than 45% of theminimum breaking strength of the strapping grade and sizelisted in Table 4 and Table 5.7.3.2 Type IA Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5, Grade 6, andGrade 7 joined strapping shall have a strength of not less than55 % of the minimum breaking strength of the strapping grade
20、and size listed in Table 5. Test data are available to substantiatethis conclusion.7.3.3 Types II, III, and IV joined strapping shall have astrength of not less than 45 % of the minimum breakingstrength corresponding to the dimensions of the strap listed inTable 1, Table 2,orTable 3.8. Dimensions an
21、d Permissible Variations8.1 The minimum length per coil of strapping shall be asspecified in the following tables according to type, grade, size,and coil width. The coil shall be an oscillating or ribbon wind.8.1.1 Type I and Type IA strapping shall be furnished withthe minimum feet per coil accordi
22、ng to size and grade asprescribed in Table 6.8.1.2 Types II, III, and IV strapping shall be furnished withthe minimum feet per coil in accordance with the size and coilwidth in Table 7.TABLE 1 Breaking Strengths of Type II Strapping (PP)Nominal Widthof StrappingNominal Thicknessof StrappingMinimumBr
23、eaking Strengthin. (mm) in. (mm)Alb (N)B0.197 (5.0) 0.0120 (0.30) 80 (360)0.197 (5.0) 0.0145 (0.37) 100 (440)0.234 (5.9) 0.0135 (0.34) 130 (580)0.234 (5.9) 0.0140 (0.36) 155 (690)0.236 (6.0) 0.0130 (0.33) 135 (600)0.234 (5.9) 0.0160 (0.41) 180 (800)0.236 (6.0) 0.0173 (0.44) 190 (850)14 (6.4) 0.0135
24、(0.34) 134 (600)14 (6.4) 0.0150 (0.38) 180 (800)14 (6.4) 0.0250 (0.64) 200 (890)0.351 (8.9) 0.0130 (0.33) 200 (899)0.354 (9.0) 0.0142 (0.36) 225 (1 000)0.351 (8.9) 0.0160 (0.41) 270 (1 200)0.354 (9.0) 0.0173 (0.44) 270 (1 200)0.354 (9.0) 0.0181 (0.46) 270 (1 200)38 (9.5) 0.0180 (0.46) 250 (1 110)38
25、(9.5) 0.0150 (0.38) 290 (1 290)38 (9.5) 0.0200 (0.51) 390 (1 730)38 (9.5) 0.0250 (0.64) 400 (1 780)0.413 (10.5) 0.0190 (0.48) 360 (1 600)0.413 (10.5) 0.0201 (0.51) 360 (1 600)0.413 (10.5) 0.0248 (0.63) 460 (2 050)0.413 (10.5) 0.0295 (0.75) 550 (2 450)0.413 (10.5) 0.0295 (0.75) 540 (2 400)0.413 (10.5
26、) 0.0230 (0.58) 450 (2 000)716 (11.1) 0.0140 (0.36) 300 (1 330)716 (11.1) 0.0190 (0.48) 350 (1 560)716 (11.1) 0.0230 (0.58) 420 (1 870)716 (11.1) 0.0250 (0.64) 450 (2 000)716 (11.1) 0.0300 (0.76) 550 (2 450)0.468 (11.9) 0.0215 (0.55) 450 (2 000)0.472 (12.0) 0.0169 (0.43) 360 (1 600)0.472 (12.0) 0.02
27、12 (0.54) 460 (2 050)0.472 (12.0) 0.0252 (0.64) 550 (2 450)0.480 (12.2) 0.0190 (0.48) 400 (1.780)12 (12.7) 0.0150 (0.38) 390 (1.750)12 (12.7) 0.0170 (0.43) 350 (1 570)12 (12.7) 0.0220 (0.56) 450 (2 020)12 (12.7) 0.0200 (0.51) 530 (2 360)12 (12.7) 0.0250 (0.64) 660 (2 940)12 (12.7) 0.0260 (0.66) 550
28、(2 450)12 (12.7) 0.0300 (0.76) 810 (3 600)0.468 (12.0) 0.0255 (0.65) 540 (2 400)0.591 (15.0) 0.0410 (1.04) 1 050 (4 660)58 (15.9) 0.0150 (0.38) 500 (2 200)58 (15.9) 0.0200 (0.51) 680 (3 020)58 (15.9) 0.0300 (0.76) 950 (4 220)0.728 (18.5) 0.0410 (1.04) 1 300 (5 770)34 (19.1) 0.0200 (0.51) 725 (3 220)
29、114 (31.8) 0.0350 (0.89) 2 200 (9 790)114 (31.8) 0.0500 (1.27) 3 100 (13 790)AWhen specified (see 5.1.4), the strapping as measured by a flat anvilmicrometer shall have an embossed finish which yields an overall nominalthickness no greater than twice the nominal thickness of smooth-surfaced strap-pi
30、ng of the same width and breaking strength.BRange of elongation at break is from 7 to 35 %.TABLE 2 Breaking Strengths of Type III Strapping (Nylon)Nominal Widthof Strapping,in. (mm)Nominal Thicknessof Strapping, in. (mm)AMinimum BreakingStrength, lbf (N)B716 (11.1) 0.017 (0.43)0.023 (0.58)0.029 (0.7
31、4)420 (1870)560 (2490)700 (3110)12 (12.7) 0.015 (0.38) 420 (1870)0.020 (0.51) 560 (2490)0.025 (0.64) 700 (3110)0.030 (0.76) 900 (4000)AWhen specified (see 5.1.4), the strapping as measured by a flat anvilmicrometer shall have an embossed finish which yields an overall nominalthickness no greater tha
32、n twice the nominal thickness of smooth-surfaced strap-ping of the same width and breaking strength.BRange of elongation at break is from 12 to 25 %.D39500929. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 Type I and Type IA strapping shall be straight, clean,have good webbing, and be free of cracks and ot
33、her defects thatmay affect the serviceability.9.2 Types II, III, and IV strapping shall be straight, clean,and free of kinks, edge curvature, cracks, and other defects thatmay affect the serviceability.9.3 Splices may be made if they do not affect the service-ability of the strapping in strapping eq
34、uipment and have abreak strength equal to at least 50% of the strap break strength.No more than one splice per coil will be permitted.10. Sampling Plan10.1 Where it can be demonstrated that a suppliers qualitycontrol system provides a similar degree of assurance as thatobtained through the use of th
35、is specification, the supplier mayuse that system in place of the system described in thisTABLE 3 Breaking Strengths of Type IV Strapping (PET)Nominal Widthof StrappingNominal Thicknessof StrappingMinimumBreaking Strengthin. (mm) in. (mm)Alb (N)B0.351 (8.9) 0.0190 (0.48) 390 (1 730)0.354 (9.0) 0.020
36、5 (0.52) 400 (1 780)38 (9.5) 0.0150 (0.38) 310 (1 380)38 (9.5) 0.0200 (0.51) 420 (1 870)0.413 (10.5) 0.0195 (0.50) 430 (1 910)0.413 (10.5) 0.0205 (0.52) 460 (2 050)0.413 (10.5) 0.0220 (0.56) 500 (2 220)0.413 (10.5) 0.0240 (0.61) 560 (2 490)0.413 (10.5) 0.0255 (0.65) 575 (2.550)0.413 (10.5) 0.0265 (0
37、.67) 600 (2 660)716 (11.1) 0.0160 (0.41) 360 (1 600)716 (11.1) 0.0200 (0.51) 460 (2 050)716 (11.1) 0.0220 (0.56) 500 (2 220)716 (11.1) 0.0240 (0.61) 560 (2 490)0.468 (11.9) 0.0168 (0.43) 470 (2 090)0.468 (11.9) 0.0175 (0.44) 470 (2 090)0.468 (11.9) 0.0205 (0.52) 560 (2 490)0.468 (11.9) 0.0275 (0.70)
38、 750 (3 340)0.468 (11.9) 0.0280 (0.71) 750 (3 340)0.472 (12.0) 0.0175 (0.44) 470 (2 090)0.472 (12.0) 0.0205 (0.52) 560 (2 490)0.472 (12.0) 0.0280 (0.71) 750 (3 340)12 (12.7) 0.0150 (0.38) 420 (1 870)12 (12.7) 0.0170 (0.43) 470 (2 090)12 (12.7) 0.0200 (0.51) 560 (2 490)12 (12.7) 0.0250 (0.64) 700 (3
39、110)12 (12.7) 0.0280 (0.71) 750 (3 340)12 (12.7) 0.0300 (0.76) 850 (3 780)0.615 (15.6) 0.0300 (0.76) 1 000 (4 440)0.615 (15.6) 0.0350 (0.89) 1 100 (4 890)0.615 (15.6) 0.0360 (0.91) 1 150 (5 120)0.615 (15.6) 0.0380 (0.97) 1 200 (5 328)0.615C(15.6) 0.0400 (1.02) 1 200 (5 328)0.615 (15.6) 0.0400 (1.02)
40、 1 500 (6 670)0.615C(15.6) 0.0410 (1.04) 1 200 (5 328)0.615 (15.6) 0.0450 (1.14) 1 600 (7 120)58 (15.9) 0.0200 (0.51) 700 (3 110)58 (15.9) 0.0250 (0.64) 870 (3 870)58 (15.9) 0.0300 (0.76) 1 000 (4 450)58C(15.9) 0.0350 (0.89) 1 200 (5 340)58 (15.9) 0.0350 (0.89) 1 300 (5 780)34 (19.1) 0.0400 (1.02) 1
41、 750 (7 780)34 (19.1) 0.0500 (1.27) 2 250 (10 010)34 (19.1) 0.0550 (1.40) 2 400 (10 680)34 (19.1) 0.0600 (1.52) 2 500 (11 120)0.985 (25.0) 0.0400 (1.02) 2 300 (10 210)0.985 (25.0) 0.0500 (1.27) 2 800 (12 460)114 (32.0) 0.0320 (0.82) 2 250 (10 010)114 (32.0) 0.0400 (1.02) 2 800 (12 460)AWhen specifie
42、d (see 5.1.4), the strapping as measured by a flat anvilmicrometer shall have an embossed finish which yields an overall nominalthickness no greater than twice the nominal thickness of smooth-surfaced strap-ping of the same width and breaking strength.BUltimate Elongation Range: 5 to 20 % (Standard
43、Elongation PET),10 to 25 % (High Elongation PET)CDenotes High Elongation (H.E.) PET strapping.TABLE 4 Breaking StrengthsAof Type I Bonded Rayon CordStrappingNominal Widthof Strapping,in. (mm)GradeMinimum BreakingStrength, lbf (N)14 (6.4) 2 235 (1045)38 (9.5) 12290 (1290)350 (1555)12 (12.7) 12410 (18
44、20)465 (2070)58 (15.9) 123525 (2335)585 (2600)765 (3400)34 (19.1) 123640 (2845)700 (3110)900 (4000)114 (31.8) 3 157 (7005)ARange of elongation at break is from 10 to 15 %.TABLE 5 Breaking StrengthsAof Type IA Bonded or WovenPolyester Cord StrappingNominal Widthof Strapping,in. (mm)GradeMinimum Break
45、ingStrength, lbf (N)14 (6.4)(6.0)23300 (1 335)540 (2 400)38 (9.5)(9.0)23450 (2 000)780 (3 480)12 (12.7) 1 400 (1 780)(12.7) 2 600 (2 670)(13.0) 3 1 050 (4 670)(13.0) 4 1 360 (6 050)58 (15.9) 1 500 (2 225)(15.9) 2 725 (3 225)(16.0) 3 1 310 (5 830)(16.0) 4 1 650 (7 340)34 (19.1) 2 900 (4 000)(19.0) 3
46、1 585 (7 060)(19.0) 4 1 830 (8 150)(19.0) 5 2 600 (11 570)114 (32.0) 2 1 830 (8 150)(32.0) 3 2 105 (9 370)(32.0) 4 3 285 (14 620)(32.0) 5 4 200 (18 680)112 (38.0) 4 4 400 (19 570)112 (38.0) 5 5 400 (24 030)158 (40.0) 6 7 700 (34 265)158 (40.0) 7 11 000 (48 950)ARange of elongation at break is from 9
47、 to 15 %.D3950093specification. In case of conflict, provisions set forth inANSI/ASQC Z1.4 shall be used.10.2 Lot SizeThe lot size shall be expressed in units ofcoils or joining methods, or both, and shall consist of allproducts of one type, grade, and size offered for acceptance atone time.10.3 Uni
48、t Sample One coil or one joining method shall beconsidered a unit. A minimum of 10 ft (3.05 m) per coil ofstrapping is required to perform the tests.10.4 Rate of SamplingThe rate of sampling shall be inaccordance with ANSI/ASQC Z1.9; Table A-2 reduced inspec-tion level shall be used.11. Number of Te
49、sts11.1 TestsFor the determination of break strength, elon-gation, transverse strength, and sealed joint strength, an aver-age of three specimens per coil shall be considered a completetest.11.2 RetestsWhen testing for elongation, if the specimenfails outside of the center third of the gage length or within 1in. of the jaws, a retest shall be made. If the percentage ofelongation or the break strength is less than the specifiedminimum, a retest is permitted. In this retest, three consec
