1、Designation: D3950 11Standard Specification forStrapping, Nonmetallic (and Joining Methods)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3950; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num
2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers nonmetallic strapping andjoinin
3、g methods intended for use in closing, reinforcing, andbundling articles for shipment, unitizing, palletizing, andbracing for car loading and truck loading.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units
4、 that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 12, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the re
5、sponsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD3951 Practice for Commercial Pa
6、ckagingD4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, orPackaging Components for Testing2.2 Other Standards:ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables forInspection by Attributes3ANSI/ASQC Z1.9 Sampling Procedures and Tables forInspection by Variables for Percent Nonconforming33. Terminolo
7、gy3.1 For general definitions of packaging and distributionenvironments, see Terminology D996.4. Classification4.1 Types and Grades:Type I Strapping, bonded rayon cord.Grade 1Light duty.Grade 2Regular duty.Grade 3Heavy duty.Type IA Strapping, bonded, or woven polyester cord.Grade 1Light duty.Grade 2
8、Regular duty.Grade 3Heavy duty.Grade 4Extra heavy duty.Grade 5Special duty.Grade 6Special duty.Grade 7Special duty.Type II Strapping, polypropylene plastic.Type III Strapping, nylon plastic.Type IV Strapping, polyester plastic.5. Ordering Information5.1 The inquiry and order shall indicate the follo
9、wing:5.1.1 Type, grade, and dimensions required (see 4.1 and7.1),5.1.2 Length per coil (see 8.1),5.1.3 Joining method (see 6.2), type and size required (ifneeded),5.1.4 If an embossed finish on strapping is desired orallowed (see Footnote in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3),5.1.5 Make and model of str
10、apping equipment that thestrapping and joining method must work in, if applicable,5.1.6 Coil dimensions (see 8.1),5.1.7 Level of packaging and packing if other than commer-cial (see Section 15), and5.1.8 ASTM designation and date of issue.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committ
11、ee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.25 on Palletizingand Unitizing of Loads.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2011. Published September 2011. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D3950 10b. DOI:10.1520/D3950-11.2For referenced ASTM
12、standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th F
13、loor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Materials shall be of the quality necessary to meet thephysical requirements within the allowable dimensions
14、.6.1.1 Type IStrapping shall consist of longitudinal rayoncords bonded with a plastic binder so that a nonwoven materialis formed.6.1.1.1 Type IAStrapping shall consist of longitudinalpolyester cords bonded with a plastic binder to form anonwoven material or longitudinal polyester cords woven witha
15、weft thread and treated with a plastic binder to form a wovenmaterial.6.1.2 Type IIStrapping shall be an extruded, orientedpolypropylene.6.1.3 Type IIIStrapping shall be an extruded, orientednylon.6.1.4 Type IVStrapping shall be an extruded, orientedpolyester.6.2 Joining MethodsIf seals or buckles a
16、re to be used,they shall be steel and have a coating of zinc, black iron oxide,or equivalent protection from corrosion, or buckles may bemade of plastic.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Breaking Strength and Elongation (see 12.2):7.1.1 Type I and Type IA strapping shall conform to thebreaking strengths a
17、nd elongations prescribed in Table 4 andTable 5.7.1.2 Type II strapping shall conform to the breakingstrengths and elongations prescribed in Table 1.7.1.3 Type III strapping shall conform to the breakingstrengths and elongations prescribed in Table 2.7.1.4 Type IV strapping shall conform to the brea
18、kingstrengths and elongations prescribed in Table 3.7.2 Joint Strength (see 12.3).7.2.1 Type I and Type IA Grade 1 and Grade 2 joinedstrapping shall have a strength of not less than 45% of theminimum breaking strength of the strapping grade and sizelisted in Table 4 and Table 5.7.2.2 Type IA Grade 3
19、, Grade 4, Grade 5, Grade 6, andGrade 7 joined strapping shall have a strength of not less than55 % of the minimum breaking strength of the strapping gradeand size listed in Table 5. Test data are available to substantiatethis conclusion.7.2.3 Types II, III, and IV joined strapping shall have astren
20、gth of not less than 45 % of the minimum breakingTABLE 1 Breaking Strengths of Type II Strapping (PP)Nominal Widthof StrappingNominal Thicknessof StrappingMinimumBreaking Strengthin. (mm) in. (mm)Alb (N)B0.197 (5.0) 0.0120 (0.30) 80 (360)0.197 (5.0) 0.0145 (0.37) 100 (440)0.234 (5.9) 0.0135 (0.34) 1
21、30 (580)0.234 (5.9) 0.0140 (0.36) 155 (690)0.236 (6.0) 0.0130 (0.33) 135 (600)0.234 (5.9) 0.0160 (0.41) 180 (800)0.236 (6.0) 0.0173 (0.44) 190 (850)14 (6.4) 0.0135 (0.34) 134 (600)14 (6.4) 0.0150 (0.38) 180 (800)14 (6.4) 0.0250 (0.64) 200 (890)0.351 (8.9) 0.0130 (0.33) 200 (899)0.354 (9.0) 0.0142 (0
22、.36) 225 (1 000)0.351 (8.9) 0.0160 (0.41) 270 (1 200)0.354 (9.0) 0.0173 (0.44) 270 (1 200)0.354 (9.0) 0.0181 (0.46) 270 (1 200)38 (9.5) 0.0180 (0.46) 250 (1 110)38 (9.5) 0.0150 (0.38) 290 (1 290)38 (9.5) 0.0200 (0.51) 390 (1 730)38 (9.5) 0.0250 (0.64) 400 (1 780)0.413 (10.5) 0.0190 (0.48) 360 (1 600
23、)0.413 (10.5) 0.0201 (0.51) 360 (1 600)0.413 (10.5) 0.0248 (0.63) 460 (2 050)0.413 (10.5) 0.0295 (0.75) 550 (2 450)0.413 (10.5) 0.0295 (0.75) 540 (2 400)0.413 (10.5) 0.0230 (0.58) 450 (2 000)716 (11.1) 0.0140 (0.36) 300 (1 330)716 (11.1) 0.0190 (0.48) 350 (1 560)716 (11.1) 0.0230 (0.58) 420 (1 870)7
24、16 (11.1) 0.0250 (0.64) 450 (2 000)716 (11.1) 0.0300 (0.76) 550 (2 450)0.468 (11.9) 0.0215 (0.55) 450 (2 000)0.472 (12.0) 0.0169 (0.43) 360 (1 600)0.472 (12.0) 0.0212 (0.54) 460 (2 050)0.472 (12.0) 0.0252 (0.64) 550 (2 450)0.480 (12.2) 0.0190 (0.48) 400 (1.780)12 (12.7) 0.0150 (0.38) 390 (1.750)12 (
25、12.7) 0.0170 (0.43) 350 (1 570)12 (12.7) 0.0220 (0.56) 450 (2 020)12 (12.7) 0.0200 (0.51) 530 (2 360)12 (12.7) 0.0250 (0.64) 660 (2 940)12 (12.7) 0.0260 (0.66) 550 (2 450)12 (12.7) 0.0300 (0.76) 810 (3 600)0.468 (12.0) 0.0255 (0.65) 540 (2 400)0.591 (15.0) 0.0410 (1.04) 1 050 (4 660)58 (15.9) 0.0150
26、 (0.38) 500 (2 200)58 (15.9) 0.0200 (0.51) 680 (3 020)58 (15.9) 0.0300 (0.76) 950 (4 220)0.728 (18.5) 0.0410 (1.04) 1 300 (5 770)34 (19.1) 0.0200 (0.51) 725 (3 220)114 (31.8) 0.0350 (0.89) 2 200 (9 790)114 (31.8) 0.0500 (1.27) 3 100 (13 790)AWhen specified (see 5.1.4), the strapping as measured by a
27、 flat anvilmicrometer shall have an embossed finish which yields an overall nominalthickness no greater than twice the nominal thickness of smooth-surfaced strap-ping of the same width and breaking strength.BRange of elongation at break is from 7 to 35 %.TABLE 2 Breaking Strengths of Type III Strapp
28、ing (Nylon)Nominal Widthof Strapping,in. (mm)Nominal Thicknessof Strapping, in. (mm)AMinimum BreakingStrength, lbf (N)B716 (11.1) 0.017 (0.43)0.023 (0.58)0.029 (0.74)420 (1870)560 (2490)700 (3110)12 (12.7) 0.015 (0.38) 420 (1870)0.020 (0.51) 560 (2490)0.025 (0.64) 700 (3110)0.030 (0.76) 900 (4000)AW
29、hen specified (see 5.1.4), the strapping as measured by a flat anvilmicrometer shall have an embossed finish which yields an overall nominalthickness no greater than twice the nominal thickness of smooth-surfaced strap-ping of the same width and breaking strength.BRange of elongation at break is fro
30、m 12 to 25 %.D3950 112strength corresponding to the dimensions of the strap listed inTable 1, Table 2,orTable 3.8. Dimensions and Permissible Variations8.1 The minimum length per coil of strapping shall befurnished as specified in the following tables according to type,grade, size, and coil width un
31、less specified otherwise in thecontract or purchase order. The coil shall be an oscillating orribbon wind.8.1.1 Type I and Type IA StrappingSee Table 6.8.1.2 Type II StrappingSee Table 7.8.1.3 Type III Strapping See Table 8.8.1.4 Type IV Strapping See Table 9.TABLE 3 Breaking Strengths of Type IV St
32、rapping (PET)Nominal Widthof StrappingNominal Thicknessof StrappingMinimumBreaking Strengthin. (mm) in. (mm)Alb (N)B0.351 (8.9) 0.0190 (0.48) 390 (1 730)0.354 (9.0) 0.0205 (0.52) 400 (1 780)38 (9.5) 0.0150 (0.38) 310 (1 380)38 (9.5) 0.0200 (0.51) 420 (1 870)0.413 (10.5) 0.0195 (0.50) 430 (1 910)0.41
33、3 (10.5) 0.0205 (0.52) 460 (2 050)0.413 (10.5) 0.0220 (0.56) 500 (2 220)0.413 (10.5) 0.0240 (0.61) 560 (2 490)0.413 (10.5) 0.0255 (0.65) 575 (2.550)0.413 (10.5) 0.0265 (0.67) 600 (2 660)716 (11.1) 0.0160 (0.41) 360 (1 600)716 (11.1) 0.0200 (0.51) 460 (2 050)716 (11.1) 0.0220 (0.56) 500 (2 220)716 (1
34、1.1) 0.0240 (0.61) 560 (2 490)0.468 (11.9) 0.0168 (0.43) 470 (2 090)0.468 (11.9) 0.0175 (0.44) 470 (2 090)0.468 (11.9) 0.0205 (0.52) 560 (2 490)0.468 (11.9) 0.0275 (0.70) 750 (3 340)0.468 (11.9) 0.0280 (0.71) 750 (3 340)0.472 (12.0) 0.0175 (0.44) 470 (2 090)0.472 (12.0) 0.0205 (0.52) 560 (2 490)0.47
35、2 (12.0) 0.0280 (0.71) 750 (3 340)12 (12.7) 0.0150 (0.38) 420 (1 870)12 (12.7) 0.0170 (0.43) 470 (2 090)12 (12.7) 0.0200 (0.51) 560 (2 490)12 (12.7) 0.0250 (0.64) 700 (3 110)12 (12.7) 0.0280 (0.71) 750 (3 340)12 (12.7) 0.0300 (0.76) 850 (3 780)0.615 (15.6) 0.0300 (0.76) 1 000 (4 440)0.615 (15.6) 0.0
36、350 (0.89) 1 100 (4 890)0.615 (15.6) 0.0360 (0.91) 1 150 (5 120)0.615 (15.6) 0.0380 (0.97) 1 200 (5 328)0.615C(15.6) 0.0400 (1.02) 1 200 (5 328)0.615 (15.6) 0.0400 (1.02) 1 500 (6 670)0.615C(15.6) 0.0410 (1.04) 1 200 (5 328)0.615 (15.6) 0.0450 (1.14) 1 600 (7 120)58 (15.9) 0.0200 (0.51) 700 (3 110)5
37、8 (15.9) 0.0250 (0.64) 870 (3 870)58 (15.9) 0.0300 (0.76) 1 000 (4 450)58C(15.9) 0.0350 (0.89) 1 200 (5 340)58 (15.9) 0.0350 (0.89) 1 300 (5 780)34 (19.1) 0.0400 (1.02) 1 750 (7 780)34 (19.1) 0.0500 (1.27) 2 250 (10 010)34 (19.1) 0.0550 (1.40) 2 400 (10 680)34 (19.1) 0.0600 (1.52) 2 500 (11 120)0.98
38、5 (25.0) 0.0400 (1.02) 2 300 (10 210)0.985 (25.0) 0.0500 (1.27) 2 800 (12 460)114 (32.0) 0.0320 (0.82) 2 250 (10 010)114 (32.0) 0.0400 (1.02) 2 800 (12 460)114 (32.0) 0.0500 (1.27) 3 750 (16 680)AWhen specified (see 5.1.4), the strapping as measured by a flat anvilmicrometer shall have an embossed f
39、inish which yields an overall nominalthickness no greater than twice the nominal thickness of smooth-surfaced strap-ping of the same width and breaking strength.BUltimate Elongation Range: 5 to 20 % (Standard Elongation PET),10 to 25 % (High Elongation PET)CDenotes High Elongation (H.E.) PET strappi
40、ng.TABLE 4 Breaking StrengthsAof Type I Bonded Rayon CordStrappingNominal Widthof Strapping,in. (mm)GradeMinimum BreakingStrength, lbf (N)14 (6.4) 2 235 (1045)38 (9.5) 12290 (1290)350 (1555)12 (12.7) 12410 (1820)465 (2070)58 (15.9) 123525 (2335)585 (2600)765 (3400)34 (19.1) 123640 (2845)700 (3110)90
41、0 (4000)114 (31.8) 3 157 (7005)ARange of elongation at break is from 10 to 15 %.TABLE 5 Breaking StrengthsAof Type IA Bonded or WovenPolyester Cord StrappingNominal Widthof Strapping,in. (mm)GradeMinimum BreakingStrength, lbf (N)14 (6.4)(6.0)23300 (1 335)540 (2 400)38 (9.5)(9.0)23450 (2 000)780 (3 4
42、80)12 (12.7) 1 400 (1 780)(12.7) 2 600 (2 670)(13.0) 3 1 050 (4 670)(13.0) 4 1 360 (6 050)58 (15.9) 1 500 (2 225)(15.9) 2 725 (3 225)(16.0) 3 1 310 (5 830)(16.0) 4 1 650 (7 340)34 (19.1) 2 900 (4 000)(19.0) 3 1 585 (7 060)(19.0) 4 1 830 (8 150)(19.0) 5 2 600 (11 570)1 (25.4) 2 1 200 (5 338)(25.4) 3
43、2 100 (9 341)(25.4) 4 2 600 (11 570)(25.4) 5 3 500 (15 569)114 (32.0) 2 1 830 (8 150)(32.0) 3 2 105 (9 370)(32.0) 4 3 285 (14 620)(32.0) 5 4 200 (18 680)112 (38.0) 4 4 400 (19 570)112 (38.0) 5 5 400 (24 030)158 (40.0) 6 7 700 (34 265)158 (40.0) 7 11 000 (48 950)ARange of elongation at break is from
44、9 to 15 %.D3950 1139. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 Type I and Type IA strapping shall be straight, clean,have good webbing, and be free of cracks and other defects thatmay affect the serviceability.9.2 Types II, III, and IV strapping shall be straight, clean,and free of kinks, edge curvatu
45、re, cracks, and other defects thatmay affect the serviceability.9.3 Splices may be made if they do not affect the service-ability of the strapping in strapping equipment and have abreak strength equal to at least 50% of the strap break strength.No more than one splice per coil will be permitted.10.
46、Sampling Plan10.1 Where it can be demonstrated that a suppliers qualitycontrol system provides a similar degree of assurance as thatobtained through the use of this specification, the supplier mayuse that system in place of the system described in thisspecification. In case of conflict, provisions s
47、et forth inANSI/ASQC Z1.4 shall be used.10.2 Lot SizeThe lot size shall be expressed in units ofcoils or joining methods, or both, and shall consist of allproducts of one type, grade, and size offered for acceptance atone time.10.3 Unit Sample One coil or one joining method shall beconsidered a unit
48、. A minimum of 10 ft (3.05 m) per coil ofstrapping is required to perform the tests.10.4 Rate of SamplingThe rate of sampling shall be inaccordance with ANSI/ASQC Z1.9; Table A-2 reduced inspec-tion level shall be used.11. Number of Tests11.1 TestsFor the determination of break strength, elon-gation
49、, transverse strength, and sealed joint strength, an aver-age of three specimens per coil shall be considered a completetest.11.2 RetestsWhen testing for elongation, if the specimenfails outside of the center third of the gage length or within 1in. of the jaws, a retest shall be made. If the percentage ofelongation or the break strength is less than the specifiedminimum, a retest is permitted. In this retest, three consecutivespecimens must meet the minimum requirements.12. Test
