1、Designation: D3950 16D3950 17Standard Specification forStrapping, Nonmetallic (and Joining Methods)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3950; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers nonmetallic strapp
3、ing and joining methods intended for use in closing, reinforcing, and bundlingarticles for shipment, unitizing, palletizing, and bracing for car loading and truck loading.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconvers
4、ions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 12, of this specification: This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with it
5、s use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recogni
6、zed principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packa
7、ging and Distribution EnvironmentsD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingD4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing2.2 Other Standards:ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes3ANSI/ASQC Z1.9 Sampling Procedures and Tabl
8、es for Inspection by Variables for Percent Nonconforming33. Terminology3.1 For general definitions of packaging and distribution environments, see Terminology D996.4. Classification4.1 Types and Grades:Type I Strapping, bonded rayon cord.Grade 1Light duty.Grade 2Regular duty.Grade 3Heavy duty.Type I
9、A Strapping, Bonded, Composite or Woven polyester cord.Grade 1Light duty.Grade 2Regular duty.Grade 3Heavy duty.Grade 4Extra heavy duty.Grade 5Special duty.Grade 6Special duty.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcomm
10、ittee D10.25 on Palletizing and Unitizingof Loads.Current edition approved March 15, 2016Sept. 1, 2017. Published April 2016October 2017. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20122016 asD3950 12a.D3950 16. DOI: 10.1520/D3950-16.10.1520/D3950-17.2 For referencedASTM standard
11、s, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor,
12、New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM
13、recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Grade 7Sp
14、ecial duty.Type II Strapping, polypropylene plastic.Type III Strapping, nylon plastic.Type IV Strapping, polyester plastic.5. Ordering Information5.1 The inquiry and order shall indicate the following:5.1.1 Type, grade, and dimensions required (see 4.1 and 7.1),5.1.2 Length per coil (see 8.1),5.1.3
15、Joining method (see 6.2 and Note 1), type and size required (if needed),5.1.4 If an embossed finish on strapping is desired or allowed (see Footnote in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3),5.1.5 Make and model of strapping equipment that the strapping and joining method must work in, if applicable,applica
16、ble (seeNote 1),5.1.6 Coil dimensions (see 8.1),5.1.7 Level of packaging and packing if other than commercial (see Section 15), and5.1.8 ASTM designation and date of issue.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Materials shall be of the quality necessary to meet the physical requirements within the allowab
17、le dimensions.TABLE 1 Breaking Strength of Type II Strapping (PP)Nominal Width Nominal ThicknessMinimumBreaking Strength0.030 in. (0.76 mm) 0.0250 in. (0.635 mm) thick or less, 0.0025 in. (0.06 mm)0.0250 in. thick, 0.0030 in. (0.08 mm)in. (mm) in. (mm)A lbf (N)B316 (5) 0.0120 (0.30) 80 (355)0.0145 (
18、0.37) 100 (445)14 (6)0.0130 (0.033) 135 (600)0.0135 (0.34) 130 (580)0.0140 (0.36) 155 (690)0.0150 and 0.0160 (0.38 and 0.41) 180 (800)0.0173 (0.44) 190 (845)0.0250 (0.64) 200 (890)38 (9)0.0130 (0.33) 200 (890)0.0142 (0.36) 225 (1 000)0.0150 (0.38) 290 (1 290)0.0160 and 0.0173 and 0.0181 (0.41 and 0.
19、44 and 0.46) 270 (1 200)0.0180 (0.46) 250 (1 110)0.0200 (0.51) 390 (1 735)0.0230 (0.58) 450 (2 000)0.0248 (0.63) 460 (2 045)0.0250 (0.64) 400 (1 780)0.0295 (0.75) 540 (2 400)716 (11)0.0140 (0.036) 300 (1 335)0.0190 and 0.0201 (0.48 and 0.51) 350 (1 555)0.0215 (0.55) 450 (2 000)0.0230 (0.58) 420 (1 8
20、70)0.0250 (0.64) 450 (2 000)12 (12)0.0150 (0.38) 390 (1 735)0.0170 (0.43) 350 (1 555)0.0190 (0.48) 400 (1 780)0.0200 (0.51) 530 (2 360)0.0220 (0.56) 450 (2 000)0.0250 (0.64) 660 (2 935)0.0255 (0.65) 540 (2 400)0.0260 (0.66) 550 (2 445)0.0300 (0.76) 810 (3 600)58 (16)0.0150 (0.38) 500 (2 225)0.0200 (
21、0.51) 680 (3 025)0.030 (0.76) 950 (4 225)0.0410 (1.04) 1050 (4 670)34 (19) 0.0200 (0.51) 725 (3 225)0.0410 (1.04) 1 300 (5 785)114 (32) 0.0350 (0.89) 2 200 (9 785)0.0500 (1.27) 3 100 (13 790)A When specified (see 5.1.4), the strapping as measured by a flat anvil micrometer shall have an embossed fin
22、ish which yields an overall nominal thickness no greaterthan twice the nominal thickness of smooth-surfaced strapping of the same width and breaking strength.B Range of elongation at break is from 7 to 35 %.D3950 1726.1.1 Type IStrapping shall consist of longitudinal rayon cords bonded with a plasti
23、c binder so that a nonwoven material isformed.6.1.1.1 Type IAStrapping shall consist of longitudinal polyester cords either bonded with a plastic binder to form a nonwovenmaterial (Bonded); or encased in a polypropylene extrusion (Composite); or woven with a weft thread and treated with a plasticbin
24、der to form a woven material (Woven).6.1.2 Type IIStrapping shall be an extruded, oriented polypropylene.6.1.3 Type IIIStrapping shall be an extruded, oriented nylon.6.1.4 Type IVStrapping shall be an extruded, oriented polyester.6.2 Joining MethodsIf seals or buckles are to be used, they shall be s
25、teel and have a coating of zinc, black iron oxide, orequivalent protection from corrosion, or buckles may be made of plastic.NOTE 1Bonded, woven and composite Type 1A strappings each may require different joining methods (buckles), tensioning tools and dispensers.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Breaking
26、 Strength and Elongation (see 12.2):7.1.1 Type I and Type IA strapping shall conform to the breaking strengths and elongations prescribed in Table 4 and Table 5.7.1.2 Type II strapping shall conform to the breaking strengths and elongations prescribed in Table 1.7.1.3 Type III strapping shall confor
27、m to the breaking strengths and elongations prescribed in Table 2.7.1.4 Type IV strapping shall conform to the breaking strengths and elongations prescribed in Table 3.7.2 Joint Strength (see 12.3).7.2.1 Type I and Type IA Grade 1 and Grade 2 joined strapping shall have a strength of not less than 4
28、5% of the minimumbreaking strength of the strapping grade and size listed in Table 4 and Table 5.7.2.2 Type IA Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5, Grade 6, and Grade 7 joined strapping shall have a strength of not less than 55 %of the minimum breaking strength of the strapping grade and size listed in Table
29、5. Test data are available to substantiate thisconclusion.7.2.3 Types II, III, and IV joined strapping shall have a strength of not less than 45 % of the minimum breaking strengthcorresponding to the dimensions of the strap listed in Table 1, Table 2, or Table 3.8. Dimensions and Permissible Variati
30、ons8.1 The minimum length per coil of strapping shall be furnished as specified in the following tables according to type, grade,size, and coil width unless specified otherwise in the contract or purchase order. The coil shall be an oscillating or ribbon wind.8.1.1 Type I and Type IA StrappingSee Ta
31、ble 6.8.1.2 Type II StrappingSee Table 7.8.1.3 Type III StrappingSee Table 8.8.1.4 Type IV StrappingSee Table 9.9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance9.1 Type I and Type IA strapping shall be straight, clean, have good webbing, and be free of cracks and other defects that mayaffect the serviceabilit
32、y.9.2 Types II, III, and IV strapping shall be straight, clean, and free of kinks, edge curvature, cracks, and other defects that mayaffect the serviceability.TABLE 2 Breaking Strengths of Type III Strapping (Nylon)Nominal Widthof Strapping,in. (mm)Nominal Thicknessof Strapping, in. (mm)AMinimum Bre
33、akingStrength, lbf (N)B716 (11.1) 0.017 (0.43)0.023 (0.58)0.029 (0.74)420 (1870)560 (2490)700 (3110)716 (11.1) 0.017 (0.43)0.023 (0.58)0.029 (0.74)420 (1870)560 (2490)700 (3110)12 (12.7) 0.015 (0.38) 420 (1870)0.020 (0.51) 560 (2490)0.025 (0.64) 700 (3110)0.030 (0.76) 900 (4000)A When specified (see
34、 5.1.4), the strapping as measured by a flat anvil micrometershall have an embossed finish which yields an overall nominal thickness nogreater than twice the nominal thickness of smooth-surfaced strapping of the samewidth and breaking strength.B Range of elongation at break is from 12 to 25 %.D3950
35、173TABLE 3 Breaking Strength of Type IV Strapping (PET)Nominal Width Nominal Thickness MinimumBreaking Strength0.030 in. (0.76 mm) 0.0025 in. (0.06 mm)in. (mm) in. (mm)A lbf (N)B38 (9)0.0150 (0.38) 310 (1 380)0.0190 (0.48) 390 (1 735)0.0200 (0.51) 420 (1 870)0.0205 (0.52) 400 (1 780)716 (11)0.0160 (
36、0.41) 360 (1 600)0.0195 (0.50) 430 (1 910)0.0200 and 0.0205 (0.51 and 0.52) 460 (2 045)0.0220 (0.56) 500 (2 225)0.0240 (0.61) 560 (2 490)0.0255 (0.65) 575 (2 560)0.0265 (0.67) 600 (2 670)12 (12)0.0150 (0.38) 420 (1 870)0.0168 and 0.0170 (0.43) 470 (2 090)0.0175 (0.44) 470 (2 090)0.0200 and 0.0205 (0
37、.51 and 0.52) 560 (2 490)0.0250 (0.64) 700 (3 115)0.0275 and 0.0280 (0.70 and 0.71) 750 (3 435)0.0300 (0.76) 850 (3 780)58 (16)0.0200 (0.51) 700 (3 115)0.0250 (0.64) 870 (3 870)0.0300 (0.76) 1 000 (4 450)0.0350 (0.89) 1 300 (5 780)0.0360 (0.91) 1 150 (5 115)0.0400 (1.02) 1 500 (6 670)0.0450 (1.14) 1
38、 600 (7 120)58C (16)0.0350 and 0.0400 and 0.0410 (0.89 and 1.02 and 1.04) 1 200 (5 340)0.0360 (0.91) 1 150 (5 115)0.0380 (0.097) 1 200 (5 340)34 (19)0.0400 (1.02) 1 750 (7 785)0.0500 (1.27) 2 250 (10 010)0.0550 (1.40) 2 400 (10 680)0.0600 (1.52) 2 500 (11 120)1 (25) 0.0400 (1.02) 2 300 (10 230)0.050
39、0 (1.27) 2 800 (12 455)114 (32)0.0320 (0.82) 2 250 (10 010)0.0400 (1.02) 2 800 (12 455)0.0500 (1.27) 3 750 (16 680)A When specified (see 5.1.4), the strapping as measured by a flat anvil micrometer shall have an embossed finish which yields an overall nominal thickness no greaterthan twice the nomin
40、al thickness of smooth-surfaced strapping of the same width and breaking strength.B Ultimate Elongation Range: 5 to 20% (Standard Elongation PET), 10 to 25% (High Elongation PET).C Denotes High Elongation (H.E.) PET strapping.TABLE 4 Breaking Strengths of Type I Bonded Rayon CordStrappingNominal Wid
41、thof Strapping,in. (mm)Grade Minimum BreakingStrength, lbf (N)A14 (6.4) 2 235 (1 045)38 (9.0) 12290 (1 290)350 (1 555)12 (12.7) 12410 (1 820)465 (2 070)58 (16.0) 123525 (2 335)585 (2 600)765 (3 400)34 (19.0) 123640 (2 845)700 (3 110)900 (4 000)34 (19.0) 123640 (2 845)700 (3 110)900 (4 000)114 (32.0)
42、 3 1 575 (7 005)A Range of elongation at break is from 10 to 15 %.D3950 1749.3 Splices may be made if they do not affect the serviceability of the strapping in strapping equipment and have a break strengthequal to at least 50% of the strap break strength. No more than one splice per coil will be per
43、mitted.10. Sampling Plan10.1 Where it can be demonstrated that a supplierssuppliers quality control system provides a similar degree of assurance asthat obtained through the use of this specification, the supplier may use that system in place of the system described in thisspecification. In case of
44、conflict, provisions set forth in ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 shall be used.10.2 Lot SizeThe lot size shall be expressed in units of coils or joining methods, or both, and shall consist of all products ofone type, grade, and size offered for acceptance at one time.10.3 Unit SampleOne coil or one joining method s
45、hall be considered a unit.Aminimum of 10 ft (3.05 m) per coil of strappingis required to perform the tests.10.4 Rate of SamplingThe rate of sampling shall be in accordance withANSI/ASQC Z1.9; TableA-2 reduced inspection levelshall be used.11. Number of Tests11.1 TestsFor the determination of break s
46、trength, elongation, transverse strength, and sealed joint strength, an average ofthree specimens per coil shall be considered a complete test.11.2 RetestsWhen testing for elongation, if the specimen fails outside of the center third of the gage length or within 1 in. ofthe jaws, a retest shall be m
47、ade. If the percentage of elongation or the break strength is less than the specified minimum, a retestis permitted. In this retest, three consecutive specimens must meet the minimum requirements.TABLE 5 Breaking Strengths of Type IA Bonded or WovenPolyester Cord StrappingNominal Widthof Strapping,i
48、n. (mm)Grade Minimum BreakingStrength, lbf (N)A14 (6.4) 23300 (1 335)540 (2 400)38 (9.0) 123300 (1 335)450 (2 000)780 (3 480)12 (12.7) 1 400 (1 780)2 600 (2 670)3 1 050 (4 670)4 1 360 (6 050)58 (16.0) 1 500 (2 225)2 725 (3 225)3 1 310 (5 830)4 1 650 (7 340)34 (19.0) 2 900 (4 000)3 1 585 (7 060)4 1 8
49、30 (8 150)5 2 600 (11 570)1 (25.0) 2 1 200 (5 338)3 2 100 (9 341)4 2 600 (11 570)5 3 500 (15 569)114 (32.0) 2 1 830 (8 150)3 2 105 (9 370)4 3 285 (14 620)5 4 200 (18 680)112 (38.0) 4 4 400 (19 570)5 5 400 (24 030)158 (40.0) 6 7 700 (34 265)7 11 000 (48 950)A Range of elongation at break is from 9 to 15 %.D3950 17512. Test Methods12.1 The purpose of these test methods is to determine the strength of the strapping and elongation, and the strength when theends of the strapping are joined togethe
