1、Designation: D3953 13D3953 15Standard Specification forStrapping, Flat Steel and Seals1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3953; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number i
2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers flat steel strapping and seals
3、intended for use in closing, reinforcing, bundling articles for shipment,unitizing, palletizing, and bracing for carloading, truckloading, lifting, and lashing.1.2 This specification includes strapping and seals made from carbon steel and applies only to the types and sizes as catalogedby strapping
4、suppliers to be a standard, commercially available product. It does not include “specialty”-type strapping as developedfor special applications or strapping produced from alloy metals.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.1.4 Performance characteristics may be nega
5、tively affected by extremes of temperatures, such as occur during the annealing ofsteel.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat applies only to the test method portion, Sections 11, 12, and 13, of thisspecification:This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associa
6、ted with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A90/A90M Test Method for Weight Mass of Coating on Iron and Ste
7、el Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy CoatingsA109/A109M Specification for Steel, Strip, Carbon (0.25 Maximum Percent), Cold-RolledA239 Practice for Locating the Thinnest Spot in a Zinc (Galvanized) Coating on Iron or Steel Articles,B504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Metallic Coatings by
8、 the Coulometric MethodD996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution EnvironmentsD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingD4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for TestingD4675 Guide for Selection and Use of Flat Strapping Materials1D6039/D6039M Specification f
9、or Open and Covered Wood CratesD6880 Specification for Wood BoxesE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 Military Standard:3MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedures and Table
10、s for Inspection by Attributes2.3 AAR Rules:4AAR Open Top Loading Rules Manual, Section No. 1, General Rules for LoadingAll Commodities, Part 2, Rule 17 and SectionNo. 7, Rules for Loading All Commodities on Open Top Trailers and Containers for Rail Transport, Part 2, Rule 1171 This specification is
11、 under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.25 on Palletizing and Unitizingof Loads.Current edition approved April 1, 2013May 1, 2015. PublishedJune 2013June 2015. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20122
12、013 asD3953 12.D3953 13. DOI: 10.1520/D3953-13.10.1520/D3953-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM websi
13、te.3 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.4 Available from the Association of American Railroads (AAR), Safety and Operations, 50 F St., NW, Washington, DC 200011564.This document is not an ASTM standard an
14、d is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only
15、the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 General definitions for packaging and distribution environments are fo
16、und in Terminology D996.4. Strapping Classifications4.1 Strapping shall be of the following types, finish and sizes:Type 1, Flat Strapping: Power Machine and Hand Application:Regular-dutyRegular-duty high-strengthHeavy-dutyUSLM (Unit Strap Lifting Method) (See Note 1.)NOTE 1For USLM applications, re
17、fer to manufacturers standard practice.Type 2: Nail-On4.1.1 Strapping Finish, Lubricated or Dry (see 8.3):4.1.1.1 Finish AOrganic (Pigmented or Unpigmented Paint)4.1.1.2 Finish BGalvanized (Hot Dipped or Electro-Deposit Galvanized) (see 8.10):Grade 1Heavy CoatingGrade 2Moderate CoatingGrade 3Commerc
18、ial Coating4.1.1.3 Finish COrganic Painted Metallic Filled (Aluminum or Zinc)4.1.1.4 Finish DUncoated4.1.2 Strapping Sizes Strapping shall have the widths and thicknesses in accordance with sizes shown in Table 1, Table 2,Table 3, and Table 4.5. Seal Classifications5.1 Seals shall be of the followin
19、g classes, finishes, types, and styles:5.1.1 Seal Classes:RRegular dutyHHeavy duty5.1.2 Seal Finishes:Finish AOrganic (painted)Finish BGalvanized (hot dipped or electro-deposit galvanized)Grade 1Heavy coatingGrade 2Moderate coatingGrade 3Manufacturers standard commercial practiceFinish COrganic Pain
20、ted Metallic Filled (Aluminum or Zinc)Finish DUncoated5.1.3 Seal Styles:ISnap-on or openIIThread-on or closedIIIPush-type or overlapIVMagazine-feedVIntersectional or cross-tie5.2 Seal SizesSeals shall have widths in accordance with strapping width shown in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4.TABL
21、E 1 Type 1 Regular-Duty Strapping Widths, Thickness, and Breaking StrengthsWidth, in.(mm) 0.015 (0.38) 0.018 (0.46) 0.020 (0.51) 0.023 (0.58) 0.028 (0.71) 0.035 (0.89)38 450 540 600 690(9.52) (2000) (2400) (2670) (3070)12 600 720 800 920(12.70) (2670) (3200) (3560) (4090)58 750 900 1000 1150(15.87)
22、(3335) (4000) (4450) (5115)34 900 1200 1380 1680 2100(19.05) (4000) (5340) (6140) (7470) (9340)D3953 1526. Ordering Information6.1 The inquiry and order shall indicate the following:6.1.1 Strapping type, duty, finish, grade, lubrication (when applicable), dimension required, and quantity of each siz
23、e (seeSection 4).6.1.2 Coil of strapping dimensions, weight and feet per pound, oscillated, ribbon wound, or cut-to-length (see Section 9, Table5 and Table 6, and Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).6.1.3 Seals (see Section 5) class, finish, grade (when applicable), type, style, and quantity by width (or nomenclatur
24、e).6.1.4 Make or model of strapping equipment that the strapping and seals must work in, if applicable.6.1.5 Title, designation, and date of this specification.6.1.6 For Department of Defense, indicate selection of preservation, packing, marking, and palletization, if applicable (seeSection 16).6.2
25、Sizes or physical properties, or both, other than those covered by this specification shall be as specified in the contract ororder.TABLE 2 Type 1 Regular Duty High-Strength Strapping Widths, Thickness and Break StrengthsWidth, in.(mm)Thickness, in. (mm)0.016 (0.41) 0.017 (0.43) 0.018 (0.46) 0.020 (
26、0.51) 0.023 (0.58) 0.025 (0.64) 0.031 (0.79) 0.035 (0.89)Breaking Strength, min, lbf (N)38 640 750(9.52) (2849) (3366)12 800 850 900 1000 1150(12.70) (3559) (3781) (4003) (4448) (5115)58 1000 1050 1125 1250 1440(15.87) (4448) (4671) (5004) (5560) (6405)34 1200 1275 1350 1500 1725 1875 2325(19.05) (5
27、339) (5671) (6005) (6672) (7673) (8340) (10342)114 3125 3875 4375(31.75) (13901) (17237) (19461)TABLE 3 Type 1 Heavy-Duty Strapping Widths, Thickness, and Breaking StrengthsWidth,in. (mm)Thickness, in. (mm)0.020 (0.51) 0.022 (0.56) 0.023 (0.58) 0.025 (0.64) 0.028 (0.71) 0.029 (0.75) 0.031 (0.79) 0.0
28、35 (0.89) 0.040 (1.02) 0.044 (1.12) 0.050 (1.27)Breaking Strength, min, lbf (N)12 1 280 1 470 1 950(12.70) (5 690) (6 540) (8 675)58 1 600 1 840(15.87) (7 120) (8 185)34 2 000 2 280 2 280 2 280 2 280 2 850 2 850 2 850 4 050(19.05) (8 896) (10 140) (10140) (10 140) (10 140) (12 675) (12 675) (12 675)
29、 (18 015)1 3 700 3 700(25.4) (16 455) (16 455)114 3 200 3 680 4 750 4 750 4 750A 6 135 6 750 6 750(31.75) (14 240) (16 370) (21 130) (21 130) (21 130) (27.295) (30 025) (30 025)2 10 600 10 600(50.80) (47 150) (47 150)A Heavy-duty, or heavy-duty/high elongation.TABLE 4 Type 1 Extra-Heavy-Duty (USLM)
30、Strapping Widths,Thickness, Breaking Strengths, and Minimum Seal JointStrengthsWidth,in. (mm)Thickness,in. (mm)Min. BreakStrength, lb (N)Min. Seal JointStrength, lb (N)114 (31.75) 0.044 (1.12) 8500 (37 800) 7650 (34 000)114 (31.75) 0.050 (1.27) 9700 (43 150) 8730 (38 800)114 (31.75) 0.057 (1.45) 11
31、000 (48 430) 9900 (44 000)D3953 153TABLE 5 Number of Feet Per Pound (Metres per Kilogram) of Type 1 StrappingANOTE 1Number of feet per pound (metres per kilogram) is based on nominal dimensions and will vary slightly with the width and thickness of thestrapping within the tolerances as described in
32、8.2.Width, in.(mm)Thickness, in. (mm)0.010 0.012 0.015 0.018 0.020 0.022 0.023 0.025 0.028 0.029 0.031 0.035 0.040 0.044 0.050(0.25) (0.311) (0.38) (0.46) (0.51) (0.56) (0.58) (0.64) (0.71) (0.75) (0.79) (0.89) (1.02) (1.12) (1.27)Length per Unit Mass, ft/lb (m/kg), approximate38 78.5 65.4 52.4 43.6
33、 39.3 34.1(9.52) (52.7) (43.9) (35.2) (29.3) (26.4) (22.9)12 58.9 49.1 39.3 32.7 29.4 25.6 19.0(12.70) (39.6) (33.0) (26.4) (22.0) (19.7) (17.2) (12.7)58 47.1 39.3 31.4 26.2 23.6 20.5(15.87) (31.6) (26.4) (21.1) (17.6) (15.8) (13.7)34 26.2 19.6 17.8 17.1 15.7 14.0 13.5 12.7 11.2(19.05) (17.6) (13.1)
34、 (11.9) (11.5) (10.5) (9.4) (8.95) (8.5) (7.5)1 10.1 9.5(25.4) (6.7) (6.3)114 11.8 9.4 8.1 7.6 6.6 5.9 5.3 4.7(31.75) (7.9) (6.3) (5.5) (5.1) (4.4) (4.0) (3.5) (3.1)2 3.3 2.9(50.80) (2.2) (1.9)A Commercial tolerances apply.TABLE 6 Size of Coils and PackageType Coils Size of Strapping,in. (mm)Inside
35、Diameter,in (mm)(CommercialTolerance)OutsideDiameter,max,in. (mm)Coils PerPackage,maxCoil FaceWidthCoilWeightOscillated 38 by 0.015(9.52 by 0.38)through 16 (406) 2312 (597) 134 by 0.035(19.05 by 0.89)Ribbon 34 by 0.022(19.05 by 0.56)through 16 (406) 27 (686) 134 by 0.035(19.05 by 0.89)Ribbon 1 by 0.
36、029(25.4 by 0.75)through 16 (406) 27 (686) 11 by 0.031(25.4 by 0.79)114 by 0.020(31.75 by 0.51)through 16 (406) 27 (686) 1114 by 0.057(31.75 by 1.45)2 by 0.044(50.80 by 1.12)through 16 (406) 2578 (657) 12 by 0.050(50.80 by 1.27)Jumbos 38 by 0.015 (9.52 by0.38)16 (406) inaccordancewith1 3 in. to 16in
37、.350 lb. to4000 lb.through manufacturers1 14 by 0.044 (31.75by 1.12)commercialpracticeD3953 1547. Materials and Manufacture7.1 Materials shall be cold-rolled carbon steel of the quality normally used for this purpose in commercial practice, and thephysical mechanical property requirements, as determ
38、ined by tests, shall be within the allowable limits.7.1.1 Type 1 Regular-Duty Strapping Regular-duty strapping in Table 1 shall be low-carbon cold-rolled steel (see 6.1.1).7.1.2 Type 1 Regular-Duty High-Strength StrappingRegular-duty high strength strapping in Table 2 shall be low to mediumcarbon co
39、ld-rolled steel.7.1.3 Type 1 Heavy-Duty Strapping Heavy-duty strapping in Table 3 shall be cold-rolled, high carbon, or medium carbonhigh-manganese steel which has been fully heat-treated; for example, austenitized and quenched.7.1.4 Type I USLM StrappingUSLM strapping in Table 4 shall be cold-rolle
40、d, high-carbon steel that has been fullyheat-treated, austenized, and quenched.FIG. 1 Recommended Seal JointsD3953 1557.1.5 Type 2 Nail-On StrappingUnless otherwise specified, Type 2 nail-on strapping shall be strapping made from Type 1regular-duty, regular-duty high-strength or Type 1 heavy-duty st
41、rapping, available in sizes 58 in. (15.87 mm) in width or greaterwith punched nail holes. Hole diameters and hole spacing can vary depending upon strap size and duty, which shall be inaccordance with manufacturers standard practice. However, nail holes shall be spaced at intervals no more than 3 in.
42、 (76 mm)apart.7.1.6 Seals for Type 1 Strapping Unless otherwise specified, seals for Type 1 strapping shall be made of steel in accordancewith the manufacturers commercial practice.8. Physical and Mechanical Properties8.1 Breaking Strength and Elongation, Type 1 Regular-Duty, Regular-Duty High-Stren
43、gth, Heavy-Duty, and USLM Strapping:8.1.1 Breaking StrengthThe breaking strength of the strapping shall be as shown in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4when tested as specified in 13.3.8.1.2 ElongationThe elongation in 6 in. (152 mm) for Type 1 strapping, when tested as specified in 13.4, shall
44、 be as follows:Regular-duty (see 7.1.1) 0.5 to 4.0 %Regular-duty high-strength (see 7.1.2) 0.5 to 8.0 %Heavy-duty (see 7.1.3)Thickness less than 0.031 in. (0.79 mm) 5.0 to 12 %Thickness 0.031 in. (0.79 mm) and greater 6.5 to 12 %USLM Strapping (see 7.1.4) 6.0 to 12 %8.2 Tolerances, Type 1 Strapping,
45、 WidthsThe widths of the strapping shall not vary from that shown in Table 1, Table 2, andTable 3 by more than 60.005 in. (0.13 mm) for all cold-rolled strapping.8.2.1 Type 1 Strapping, Thickness The thickness of strapping sizes listed in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3 shall not vary fromnominal thic
46、kness by more than +0.002 in. (0.05 mm), 0.002 (0.05 mm) thickness, thickness of strapping sizes listed in Table4 (USLM strapping) shall not vary by more than +0.004 in. (0.10 mm) and 0.000 in. (0.00 mm).8.3 Lubrication Unless otherwise specified, Type 1 strapping shall have a coating of wax or wax-
47、like lubricant applied to thesurfaces that will render the strapping suitable for application with tension tools of the feed wheel (friction) type (see 4.1.2 and6.1.4). The lubrication of the strapping is intended to facilitate the use of strapping tools in which the two bands of the strappingare he
48、ld in contact with each other under pressure by frictional grips, and sliding of the faces of the strapping is necessary duringthe tensioning operation. Test in accordance with 13.913.10.8.4 Type 1 Strapping, CoilsEach coil shall consist of one continuous piece of strapping. Coils with lengths of st
49、rapping weldedtogether shall be considered as one-piece coil.8.4.1 Dimensional Requirements at the WeldThe thickness at the weld shall be no more than one and one half the thicknessof the strap. The width of strapping at the weld shall be subject to the same dimensional requirements as the remainder of thestrapping and must be straight with no offsets or angular alignment Metal splattering or extruded points causing increasedthickness are not permissible. Only machine welds shall be acceptable.8
