1、Designation: D 3996 02Standard Performance Specification forKnit Swimwear Fabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3996; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pa
2、rentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This performance specification covers circular and warpknitted fabrics for use in knit swimwear, composed of anytextile fiber or mixture of textil
3、e fibers.1.2 These requirements apply to both the length and widthdirections for those properties where fabric direction is perti-nent.1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only tothe test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of
4、 the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating
5、 to TextilesD 2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimensfor TextilesD 3786 Test Method for Hydraulic Bursting Strength ofKnitted Goods and Nonwoven FabricsDiaphragmBursting Strength Tester MethodD 3787 Test Method for Bursting Strength of KnittedGoodsConstant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Bur
6、st Test2.2 AATCC Methods:38 Colorfastness to Crocking: AATCC Crockmeter Method15 Colorfastness to Perspiration16 Colorfastness to Light23 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas Fumes61 Colorfastness to Washing, Domestic, and Laundering,Commercial: Accelerated106 Colorfastness to Water: Sea107 Colorfastness to W
7、ater116 Colorfastness to Crocking: Rotary Vertical CrockmeterMethod129 Colorfastness to Ozone in the Atmosphere Under HighHumidities135 Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home Launderingof Durable Press Woven or Knit FabricsEvaluation Procedure No. 1 Gray Scale for Color ChangeEvaluation Procedure No.
8、 2 Gray Scale for StainingEvaluation Procedure No. 3 AATCC Chromatic Transfer-ence Scale162 Colorfastness to Water Chlorinated Pool172 Colorfastness to Non-Chlorine Bleach in Home Laun-dering188 Colorfastness to Sodium Hypochlorite Bleach in HomeLaundering2.3 Federal Standard:416 CFR 1610 Standard f
9、or Flammability of Clothing Tex-tilesNOTE 1Reference to test methods in this specification give only thepermanent part of the designation of ASTM, AATCC, or other testmethods. The current editions of each test method cited shall prevail.3. Terminology3.1 Definition:3.1.1 swimweartextile garments int
10、ended for wear infresh, chlorinated, or salt water.3.2 For definitions of textile terms used in this specification,refer to the individual ASTM and AATCC test methods andTerminology D 123.4. Specification Requirements4.1 The properties of fabrics for knitted swimwear shallconform to the specificatio
11、n requirements in Table 1.5. Significance and Use5.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and theseller, fabrics intended for this end use should meet all of therequirements listed in Table 1 of this specification.5.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aestheticsthe ultimate con
12、sumer of articles made from these fabrics mayfind acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of the1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.61 on Apparel.Current edition approved May 10, 2002. Published Jun
13、e 2002. Originallypublished as D 3996 81. Last previous edition D 3996 95.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe
14、ASTM website.3Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O.Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.4Available from Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20407.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Co
15、nshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of therequirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by mutualagreement between the purchaser and the seller.5.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shallspecify that: “This fabric meets ASTM Sp
16、ecification D 3996except for the following characteristic(s).”5.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reachedbetween the purchaser and the seller, and in case of contro-versy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be usedas a guide only. As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumer demandsdic
17、tate varying performance parameters for any particular styleof fabric.5.4 The significance and use of particular properties and testmethods are discussed in the appropriate sections of thespecified test methods.6. Sampling6.1 Acceptance Testing LotUnless there is prior agree-ment consider as a lot f
18、or acceptance testing all material of asingle item received as a single shipment.6.2 Lot Samples and Laboratory Samples For acceptancetesting, take lot samples and laboratory samples as directed ineach of the applicable test methods.6.3 Test SpecimensTake the number of specimens di-rected in each of
19、 the applicable test methods. Perform the testson the fabric as it will reach the customer. Any “partiallyfinished” or “post-finished” fabrics should be processed inaccordance with the fabric manufacturers instructions.6.4 If the applicable test method does not specify thenumber of specimens, use th
20、e procedures in Practice D 2905 todetermine the number of specimens per laboratory samplingunit. Use (1) a reliable estimate of the variability of individualobservations on similar materials in the users laboratory, (2) a95 % probability level, and (3) an allowable difference of 5 %of the average be
21、tween the test results on laboratory samplingunits and the average for the laboratory sampling unit. Theaverage for a laboratory sampling unit is the average thatwould be obtained by applying the test method to all of thepotential specimens from that laboratory sampling unit.7. Test Methods7.1 Burst
22、ing StrengthDetermine the bursting strength, inthe standard atmosphere for testing textiles, as directed in TestMethod D 3787 using an approved type of constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) machine equipped with a bursting attachmentor as directed in Test Method D 3786 using an approved typeof motor diaph
23、ragm-driven bursting tester as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the seller.NOTE 2Fabrics which include fibers which are known to lose strengthwhen wet, such as rayon, should be tested for wet bursting strength also.NOTE 3There is no overall correlation between the results obtainedwith the CRT ma
24、chine equipped with a bursting attachment and thediaphragm-bursting tester. Consequently, these two bursting testers cannotbe used interchangeably. In case of controversy, Test Method D 3786 shallprevail.NOTE 4The precision of the burst methods are being established bySubcommittee D13.59. The method
25、s are accordingly not recommendedfor acceptance testing unless preceded by an interlaboratory check test inthe laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the seller usingrandomized replicate specimens of the material to be evaluated.7.2 Dimensional Change:7.2.1 LaunderingDetermine the maximum
26、 dimensionalchange after five launderings as directed in the applicableprocedure in AATCC Method 135 or as agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the seller.7.2.1.1 The wash conditions and drying procedure shall beas agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.7.3 Colorfastness:7.3.1 Burnt Gas Fu
27、mesDetermine the colorfastness toburnt gas fumes on the original fabric and after one launderingas directed in AATCC Method 23.NOTE 5Washing conditions shall be the same as those used in 7.2.1.1.7.3.2 LaunderingDetermine the colorfastness to launder-ing as directed in the applicable procedure of AAT
28、CCMethod 61. The test conditions shall be as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the seller.7.3.3 Colorfastness to CrockingDetermine the colorfast-ness to dry and wet crocking as directed in AATCC Method 8for solid color fabrics or AATCC Method 116 for printedfabrics or as agreed upon between the p
29、urchaser and the seller.7.3.4 Colorfastness to WaterDetermine the colorfastnessto water as directed in AATCC Method 107.TABLE 1 Specification RequirementsNOTE 1The classes of colorfastness and DP rating are based on anumerical scale of 5 for negligible or no color change, color transfer, orwrinkle t
30、o 1 for very severe color change, color transfer, or wrinkle.Characteristic Requirements SectionBursting strength (ball burst) 30 lbf (133 N), min 7.1Dimensional change:Laundering: 7.2.1Nonstretch fabrics 5.0 % max in each directionStretch fabrics 7.5 % max in each directionWet relaxation or growth:
31、 7.2.2Stretch fabrics 10.0 % max in each directionDry relaxation or growth 5.0 % max in each direction 7.2.3Colorfastness:Burnt Gas Fumes1 cycle: 7.3.1Shade change, original fabricand after 1 launderingClass 4 minASodium Hypochlorite Bleach Class 4 minA7.3.10Non-Chlorine Bleach Class 4 minA7.3.11Lau
32、ndering: 7.3.2Shade change Class 4 minAStaining Class 3 minBCrocking: 7.3.3Dry Class 4 minCWet Class 3 minCWater: 7.3.4Shade change Class 4, minAStaining Class 3 minBPerspiration: 7.3.5Shade change Class 4 minAStaining Class 3 minBChlorinated pool waterD. 7.3.6Sea water: 7.3.7Shade change Class 4 mi
33、nAStaining Class 3, minBOzone: 7.3.8Shade change Class 34 minALight (40 AATCC FU) (xenon-arc)Step 4 minA7.3.9Flammability pass 7.4AAATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.BAATCC Gray Scale for Staining.CAATCC Chromatic Transference Scale.DSee Note 7.D39960227.3.5 Colorfastness to Perspiration Determine th
34、e color-fastness to perspiration as directed in AATCC Method 15.7.3.6 Colorfastness to Water-Chlorinated PoolDeterminecolorfastness as directed in AATCC Method 162.NOTE 6The development of a standard method for colorfastness tochlorinated swimming pool water has been referred to Committee RA23of AAT
35、CC.7.3.7 Colorfastness to Sea WaterDetermine the colorfast-ness to sea water as directed in AATCC Method 106.7.3.8 OzoneDetermine the colorfastness to ozone as di-rected in AATCC Method 129.7.3.9 Colorfastness to LightDetermine the colorfastnessto light as directed in AATCC Method 16.NOTE 7There are
36、 distinct differences in spectral distribution betweenthe various types of machines listed in AATCC Method 16, with no overallcorrelations between them. Consequently, these machines cannot be usedinterchangeably. In case of controversy, results obtained with the water-cooled xenon-arc machine listed
37、 in Option E shall prevail.7.3.10 Colorfastness to Sodium Hypochlorite BleachDetermine the colorfastness to sodium hypochlorite bleachas directed in AATCC Method 188.7.3.11 Colorfastness to Non-Chlorine Bleach Determinethe colorfastness to non-chlorine bleach as directed in AATCCMethod 172.7.4 Flamm
38、abilityThe flammability requirements shall beas agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller, providedthey meet or exceed those of the applicable Governmentmandatory standard. (See 2.3.)8. Keywords8.1 swimwearASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asser
39、ted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by
40、the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receiv
41、e careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Intern
42、ational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D3996023
