1、Designation: D 3996 02 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Performance Specification forKnit Swimwear Fabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3996; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This performance specification covers circular and warpknitted fabrics for use in knit swimwear, composed of anytextile fiber or
3、mixture of textile fibers.1.2 These requirements apply to both the length and widthdirections for those properties where fabric direction is perti-nent.1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only tothe test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport
4、to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Ter
5、minology Relating to TextilesD 2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimensfor Textiles3D 3786 Test Method for Bursting Strength of TextileFabricsDiaphragm Bursting Strength Tester MethodD 3787 Test Method for Bursting Strength of TextilesConstant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test2.2 AAT
6、CC Methods:48 Colorfastness to Crocking: AATCC Crockmeter Method15 Colorfastness to Perspiration16 Colorfastness to Light23 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas Fumes61 Colorfastness to Washing, Domestic, and Laundering,Commercial: Accelerated106 Colorfastness to Water: Sea107 Colorfastness to Water116 Colorf
7、astness to Crocking: Rotary Vertical CrockmeterMethod129 Colorfastness to Ozone in the Atmosphere Under HighHumidities135 Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home Launderingof Durable Press Woven or Knit FabricsEvaluation Procedure No. 1 Gray Scale for Color ChangeEvaluation Procedure No. 2 Gray Scale
8、for StainingEvaluation Procedure No. 3 AATCC Chromatic Transfer-ence Scale162 Colorfastness to Water Chlorinated Pool172 Colorfastness to Non-Chlorine Bleach in Home Laun-dering188 Colorfastness to Sodium Hypochlorite Bleach in HomeLaundering2.3 Federal Standard:516 CFR 1610 Standard for Flammabilit
9、y of Clothing Tex-tilesNOTE 1Reference to test methods in this specification give only thepermanent part of the designation of ASTM, AATCC, or other testmethods. The current editions of each test method cited shall prevail.3. Terminology3.1 Definition:3.1.1 swimweartextile garments intended for wear
10、 infresh, chlorinated, or salt water.3.2 For definitions of textile terms used in this specification,refer to the individual ASTM and AATCC test methods andTerminology D 123.4. Specification Requirements4.1 The properties of fabrics for knitted swimwear shallconform to the specification requirements
11、 in Table 1.5. Significance and Use5.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and theseller, fabrics intended for this end use should meet all of therequirements listed in Table 1 of this specification.5.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aestheticsthe ultimate consumer of artic
12、les made from these fabrics may1This performance specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeD13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.61 onApparel.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition
13、 approved in 2002 as D 3996 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved
14、version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http:/www.aatcc.org.5Available from Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office,Washington, DC
15、 20407.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.find acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of therequirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of therequirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by mutualagreement b
16、etween the purchaser and the seller.5.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shallspecify that: “This fabric meets ASTM Specification D 3996except for the following characteristic(s).”5.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reachedbetween the purchaser and the seller, and in case
17、 of contro-versy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be usedas a guide only. As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumer demandsdictate varying performance parameters for any particular styleof fabric.5.4 The significance and use of particular properties and testmethods are discussed in the a
18、ppropriate sections of thespecified test methods.6. Sampling6.1 Acceptance Testing LotUnless there is prior agree-ment consider as a lot for acceptance testing all material of asingle item received as a single shipment.6.2 Lot Samples and Laboratory Samples For acceptancetesting, take lot samples an
19、d laboratory samples as directed ineach of the applicable test methods.6.3 Test SpecimensTake the number of specimens di-rected in each of the applicable test methods. Perform the testson the fabric as it will reach the customer. Any “partiallyfinished” or “post-finished” fabrics should be processed
20、 inaccordance with the fabric manufacturers instructions.6.4 If the applicable test method does not specify thenumber of specimens, use the procedures in Practice D 2905 todetermine the number of specimens per laboratory samplingunit. Use (1) a reliable estimate of the variability of individualobser
21、vations on similar materials in the users laboratory, (2) a95 % probability level, and (3) an allowable difference of 5 %of the average between the test results on laboratory samplingunits and the average for the laboratory sampling unit. Theaverage for a laboratory sampling unit is the average that
22、would be obtained by applying the test method to all of thepotential specimens from that laboratory sampling unit.7. Test Methods7.1 Bursting StrengthDetermine the bursting strength, inthe standard atmosphere for testing textiles, as directed in TestMethod D 3787 using an approved type of constant-r
23、ate-of-traverse (CRT) machine equipped with a bursting attachmentor as directed in Test Method D 3786 using an approved typeof motor diaphragm-driven bursting tester as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the seller.NOTE 2Fabrics which include fibers which are known to lose strengthwhen wet, such a
24、s rayon, should be tested for wet bursting strength also.NOTE 3There is no overall correlation between the results obtainedwith the CRT machine equipped with a bursting attachment and thediaphragm-bursting tester. Consequently, these two bursting testers cannotbe used interchangeably. In case of con
25、troversy, Test Method D 3786 shallprevail.NOTE 4The precision of the burst methods are being established bySubcommittee D13.59. The methods are accordingly not recommendedfor acceptance testing unless preceded by an interlaboratory check test inthe laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of t
26、he seller usingrandomized replicate specimens of the material to be evaluated.7.2 Dimensional Change:7.2.1 LaunderingDetermine the maximum dimensionalchange after five launderings as directed in the applicableprocedure in AATCC Method 135 or as agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the seller.7.2.1.1
27、 The wash conditions and drying procedure shall beas agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.7.3 Colorfastness:7.3.1 Burnt Gas FumesDetermine the colorfastness toburnt gas fumes on the original fabric and after one launderingas directed in AATCC Method 23.NOTE 5Washing conditions shall be t
28、he same as those used in 7.2.1.1.7.3.2 LaunderingDetermine the colorfastness to launder-ing as directed in the applicable procedure of AATCCMethod 61. The test conditions shall be as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the seller.7.3.3 Colorfastness to CrockingDetermine the colorfast-ness to dry an
29、d wet crocking as directed in AATCC Method 8TABLE 1 Specification RequirementsNOTE 1The classes of colorfastness and DP rating are based on anumerical scale of 5 for negligible or no color change, color transfer, orwrinkle to 1 for very severe color change, color transfer, or wrinkle.Characteristic
30、Requirements SectionBursting strength (ball burst) 30 lbf (133 N), min 7.1Dimensional change:Laundering: 7.2.1Nonstretch fabrics 5.0 % max in each directionStretch fabrics 7.5 % max in each directionWet relaxation or growth: 7.2.2Stretch fabrics 10.0 % max in each directionDry relaxation or growth 5
31、.0 % max in each direction 7.2.3Colorfastness:Burnt Gas Fumes1 cycle: 7.3.1Shade change, original fabricand after 1 launderingClass 4 minASodium Hypochlorite Bleach Class 4 minA7.3.10Non-Chlorine Bleach Class 4 minA7.3.11Laundering: 7.3.2Shade change Class 4 minAStaining Class 3 minBCrocking: 7.3.3D
32、ry Class 4 minCWet Class3minCWater: 7.3.4Shade change Class 4, minAStaining Class 3 minBPerspiration: 7.3.5Shade change Class 4 minAStaining Class 3 minBChlorinated pool waterD. 7.3.6Sea water: 7.3.7Shade change Class 4 minAStaining Class 3, minBOzone: 7.3.8Shade change Class 34 minALight (40 AATCC
33、FU) (xenon-arc)Step 4 minA7.3.9Flammability pass 7.4AAATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.BAATCC Gray Scale for Staining.CAATCC Chromatic Transference Scale.DSee Note 7.D 3996 02 (2008)2for solid color fabrics or AATCC Method 116 for printedfabrics or as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller
34、.7.3.4 Colorfastness to WaterDetermine the colorfastnessto water as directed in AATCC Method 107.7.3.5 Colorfastness to Perspiration Determine the color-fastness to perspiration as directed in AATCC Method 15.7.3.6 Colorfastness to Water-Chlorinated PoolDeterminecolorfastness as directed in AATCC Me
35、thod 162.NOTE 6The development of a standard method for colorfastness tochlorinated swimming pool water has been referred to Committee RA23of AATCC.7.3.7 Colorfastness to Sea WaterDetermine the colorfast-ness to sea water as directed in AATCC Method 106.7.3.8 OzoneDetermine the colorfastness to ozon
36、e as di-rected in AATCC Method 129.7.3.9 Colorfastness to LightDetermine the colorfastnessto light as directed in AATCC Method 16.NOTE 7There are distinct differences in spectral distribution betweenthe various types of machines listed inAATCC Method 16, with no overallcorrelations between them. Con
37、sequently, these machines cannot be usedinterchangeably. In case of controversy, results obtained with the water-cooled xenon-arc machine listed in Option E shall prevail.7.3.10 Colorfastness to Sodium Hypochlorite BleachDetermine the colorfastness to sodium hypochlorite bleachas directed in AATCC M
38、ethod 188.7.3.11 Colorfastness to Non-Chlorine Bleach Determinethe colorfastness to non-chlorine bleach as directed in AATCCMethod 172.7.4 FlammabilityThe flammability requirements shall beas agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller, providedthey meet or exceed those of the applicable Govern
39、mentmandatory standard. (See 2.3.)8. Keywords8.1 swimwearASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such paten
40、t rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited eithe
41、r for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair he
42、aring you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 3996 02 (2008)3
