1、Designation: D3996 13Standard Performance Specification forKnit Swimwear Fabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3996; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pare
2、ntheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This performance specification covers circular and warpknitted fabrics for use in knit swimwear, composed of anytextile fiber or mixture of textile f
3、ibers.1.2 These requirements apply to both the length and widthdirections for those properties where fabric direction is perti-nent.1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only tothe test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of th
4、e safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to
5、TextilesD2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens forTextiles (Withdrawn 2008)3D3786 Test Method for Bursting Strength of TextileFabricsDiaphragm Bursting Strength Tester MethodD3787 Test Method for Bursting Strength of TextilesConstant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst TestD7022 Terminol
6、ogy Relating to Apparel32.2 AATCC Methods:48 Colorfastness to Crocking: Crockmeter Method15 Colorfastness to Perspiration16.3 Colorfastness to Light23 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas Fumes61 Colorfastness to Laundering: Accelerated106 Colorfastness to Water: Sea107 Colorfastness to Water116 Colorfastness
7、 to Crocking: Rotary Vertical CrockmeterMethod129 Colorfastness to Ozone in the Atmosphere Under HighHumidities135 Dimensional Changes of Fabrics After Home Launder-ingEvaluation Procedure No. 1 Gray Scale for Color ChangeEvaluation Procedure No. 2 Gray Scale for StainingEvaluation Procedure No. 8 A
8、ATCC 9-Step ChromaticTransference Scale162 Colorfastness to Water Chlorinated Pool172 Colorfastness to Powdered Non-Chlorine Bleach inHome Laundering188 Colorfastness to Sodium Hypochlorite Bleach in HomeLaundering2.3 Federal Standard:516 CFR 1610 Standard for Flammability of Clothing Tex-tilesNOTE
9、1Reference to test methods in this specification give only thepermanent part of the designation of ASTM, AATCC, or other testmethods. The current editions of each test method cited shall prevail.3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to D13.61, Apparel, seeTerminology D7022.3.1.1 The followin
10、g terms are relevant to this standard:swimwear.3.2 For definitions of all other textile terms, see Terminol-ogy D123.3.3 For terms relating to chemical or colorfastness testing,refer to specific AATCC methods.4. Specification Requirements4.1 The properties of fabrics for knitted swimwear shallconfor
11、m to the specification requirements in Table 1.1This performance specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeD13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.61 onApparel.Current edition approved July 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last p
12、revious edition approved in 2008 as D3996 02(2008).DOI: 10.1520/D3996-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe A
13、STM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http:/www.aatcc.org.5Available from Superintendent of Documents, Government
14、 Printing Office,Washington, DC 20407.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Significance and Use5.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and theseller, fabrics intended for this end use should meet all of therequir
15、ements listed in Table 1 of this specification.5.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aestheticsthe ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics mayfind acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of therequirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of therequirements liste
16、d in Table 1 may be modified by mutualagreement between the purchaser and the seller.5.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shallspecify that: “This fabric meets ASTM Specification D3996except for the following characteristic(s).”5.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reachedb
17、etween the purchaser and the seller, and in case ofcontroversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended tobe used as a guide only. As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumerdemands dictate varying performance parameters for anyparticular style of fabric.5.4 The significance and use of particular pro
18、perties and testmethods are discussed in the appropriate sections of thespecified test methods.6. Sampling6.1 Acceptance Testing LotUnless there is prior agreementconsider as a lot for acceptance testing all material of a singleitem received as a single shipment.6.2 Lot Samples and Laboratory Sample
19、s For acceptancetesting, take lot samples and laboratory samples as directed ineach of the applicable test methods.6.3 Test SpecimensTake the number of specimens directedin each of the applicable test methods. Perform the tests on thefabric as it will reach the customer. Any “partially finished” or“
20、post-finished” fabrics should be processed in accordance withthe fabric manufacturers instructions.6.4 If the applicable test method does not specify thenumber of specimens, use the procedures in Practice D2905 todetermine the number of specimens per laboratory samplingunit. Use (1) a reliable estim
21、ate of the variability of individualobservations on similar materials in the users laboratory, (2) a95 % probability level, and (3) an allowable difference of 5 %of the average between the test results on laboratory samplingunits and the average for the laboratory sampling unit. Theaverage for a lab
22、oratory sampling unit is the average thatwould be obtained by applying the test method to all of thepotential specimens from that laboratory sampling unit.7. Test Methods7.1 Bursting StrengthDetermine the bursting strength, inthe standard atmosphere for testing textiles, as directed in TestMethod D3
23、787 using an approved type of constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) machine equipped with a bursting attachmentor as directed in Test Method D3786 using an approved type ofmotor diaphragm-driven bursting tester as agreed upon be-tween the purchaser and the seller.NOTE 2Fabrics which include fibers which a
24、re known to lose strengthwhen wet, such as rayon, should be tested for wet bursting strength also.NOTE 3There is no overall correlation between the results obtainedwith the CRT machine equipped with a bursting attachment and thediaphragm-bursting tester. Consequently, these two bursting testers cann
25、otbe used interchangeably. In case of controversy, Test Method D3786 shallprevail.NOTE 4The precision of the burst methods are being established bySubcommittee D13.59. The methods are accordingly not recommendedfor acceptance testing unless preceded by an interlaboratory check test inthe laboratory
26、of the purchaser and the laboratory of the seller usingrandomized replicate specimens of the material to be evaluated.7.2 Dimensional Change:7.2.1 LaunderingDetermine the maximum dimensionalchange after five launderings as directed in the applicableprocedure in AATCC Method 135 or as agreed upon bet
27、weenthe purchaser and the seller.7.2.1.1 The wash conditions and drying procedure shall beas agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.7.3 Colorfastness:TABLE 1 Specification RequirementsNOTE 1The classes of colorfastness and DP rating are based on anumerical scale of 5 for negligible or no c
28、olor change, color transfer, orwrinkle to 1 for very severe color change, color transfer, or wrinkle.Characteristic Requirements SectionBursting strength (ball burst) 30 lbf (133 N), min 7.1Dimensional change:Laundering: 7.2.1Nonstretch fabrics 5.0 % max in each directionStretch fabrics 7.5 % max in
29、 each directionWet relaxation or growth:Stretch fabrics 10.0 % max in each directionDry relaxation or growth 5.0 % max in each directionColorfastness:Burnt Gas Fumes1 cycle: 7.3.1Shade change, original fabricand after 1 launderingClass 4 minASodium Hypochlorite Bleach Class 4 minA7.3.10Powdered Non-
30、Chlorine Bleach Class 4 minA7.3.11Laundering: 7.3.2Shade change Class 4 minAStaining Class 3 minBCrocking: 7.3.3Dry Class 4 minCWet Class3minCWater: 7.3.4Shade change Class 4, minAStaining Class 3 minBPerspiration: 7.3.5Shade change Class 4 minAStaining Class 3 minBChlorinated pool waterD. 7.3.6Sea
31、water: 7.3.7Shade change Class 4 minAStaining Class 3, minBOzone: 7.3.8Shade change Class 34 minALight (40 AATCC FU) (xenon-arc)Step 4 minA7.3.9Flammability pass 7.4AAATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.BAATCC Gray Scale for Staining.CAATCC 9-Step Chromatic Transference Scale.DSee Note 7.D3996 1327.3.1
32、 Burnt Gas FumesDetermine the colorfastness toburnt gas fumes on the original fabric and after one launderingas directed in AATCC Method 23.NOTE 5Washing conditions shall be the same as those used in 7.2.1.1.7.3.2 LaunderingDetermine the colorfastness to launder-ing as directed in the applicable pro
33、cedure of AATCCMethod 61. The test conditions shall be as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the seller.7.3.3 Colorfastness to CrockingDetermine the colorfast-ness to dry and wet crocking as directed in AATCC Method 8for solid color fabrics or AATCC Method 116 for printedfabrics or as agreed upon
34、between the purchaser and the seller.7.3.4 Colorfastness to WaterDetermine the colorfastnessto water as directed in AATCC Method 107.7.3.5 Colorfastness to Perspiration Determine the color-fastness to perspiration as directed in AATCC Method 15.7.3.6 Colorfastness to Water-Chlorinated PoolDeterminec
35、olorfastness as directed in AATCC Method 162.NOTE 6The development of a standard method for colorfastness tochlorinated swimming pool water has been referred to Committee RA23of AATCC.7.3.7 Colorfastness to Sea WaterDetermine the colorfast-ness to sea water as directed in AATCC Method 106.7.3.8 Ozon
36、eDetermine the colorfastness to ozone as di-rected in AATCC Method 129.7.3.9 Colorfastness to LightDetermine the colorfastnessto light as directed in AATCC Method 16.3.NOTE 7There are distinct differences in spectral distribution betweenthe various types of machines listed inAATCC Method 16, with no
37、 overallcorrelations between them. Consequently, these machines cannot be usedinterchangeably. In case of controversy, results obtained with the water-cooled xenon-arc machine listed in Option E3 shall prevail.7.3.10 Colorfastness to Sodium Hypochlorite BleachDetermine the colorfastness to sodium hy
38、pochlorite bleachas directed in AATCC Method 188.7.3.11 Colorfastness to Powdered Non-Chlorine BleachDetermine the colorfastness to non-chlorine bleach as directedin AATCC Method 172.7.4 FlammabilityThe flammability requirements shall beas agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller, providedth
39、ey meet or exceed those of the applicable Governmentmandatory standard. (See 2.3.)8. Keywords8.1 swimwearASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that
40、 determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapprov
41、ed or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you fee
42、l that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual repr
43、ints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D3996 133
