1、Designation: D3996 13D3996 14Standard Performance Specification forKnit Swimwear Fabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3996; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This performance specification covers circular and warp knitted fabrics for use in knit swimwear, composed of any textilefiber or mixture of
3、textile fibers.1.2 These requirements apply to both the length and width directions for those properties where fabric direction is pertinent.1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification.Thisstandard does not purport to address
4、all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Rel
5、ating to TextilesD2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens for Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)3D3786 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile FabricsDiaphragm Bursting Strength Tester MethodD3787 Test Method for Bursting Strength of TextilesConstant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst TestD70
6、22 Terminology Relating to Apparel32.2 AATCC Methods:48 Colorfastness to Crocking: Crockmeter Method15 Colorfastness to Perspiration16.3 Colorfastness to Light23 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas Fumes61 Colorfastness to Laundering: Accelerated106 Colorfastness to Water: Sea107 Colorfastness to Water116 Co
7、lorfastness to Crocking: Rotary Vertical Crockmeter Method129 Colorfastness to Ozone in the Atmosphere Under High Humidities135 Dimensional Changes of Fabrics After Home LaunderingEvaluation Procedure No. 1 Gray Scale for Color ChangeEvaluation Procedure No. 2 Gray Scale for StainingEvaluation Proce
8、dure No. 8 AATCC 9-Step Chromatic Transference Scale162 Colorfastness to Water Chlorinated Pool172 Colorfastness to Powdered Non-Chlorine Bleach in Home Laundering188 Colorfastness to Sodium Hypochlorite Bleach in Home Laundering2.3 Federal Standard:516 CFR 1610 Standard for Flammability of Clothing
9、 TextilesNOTE 1Reference to test methods in this specification give only the permanent part of the designation ofASTM,AATCC, or other test methods. The1 This performance specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.61
10、on Apparel.Current edition approved July 1, 2013March 15, 2014. Published August 2013April 2014. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 asD3996 02D3996(2008). 13. DOI: 10.1520/D3996-13.10.1520/D3996-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.o
11、rg, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from American Association of
12、 Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http:/www.aatcc.org.5 Available from Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20407.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM stan
13、dard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by AST
14、M is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1current editions of each test method cited shall prevail.3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to D13.61, Apparel, see Terminology D70
15、22.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: swimwear.3.2 For definitions of all other textile terms, see Terminology D123.3.3 For terms relating to chemical or colorfastness testing, refer to specific AATCC methods.4. Specification Requirements4.1 The properties of fabrics for knitte
16、d swimwear shall conform to the specification requirements in Table 1.5. Significance and Use5.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the seller, fabrics intended for this end use should meet all of therequirements listed in Table 1 of this specification.5.2 It is recognized that for purp
17、oses of fashion or aesthetics the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may findacceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements listed inTable 1 may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the
18、seller.5.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall specify that: “This fabric meetsASTM Specification D3996 exceptfor the following characteristic(s).”5.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and the seller, and in case of controversy, therequireme
19、nts listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only.As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varyingperformance parameters for any particular style of fabric.5.4 The significance and use of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the sp
20、ecifiedtest methods.6. Sampling6.1 Acceptance Testing LotUnless there is prior agreement consider as a lot for acceptance testing all material of a single itemreceived as a single shipment.6.2 Lot Samples and Laboratory Samples For acceptance testing, take lot samples and laboratory samples as direc
21、ted in eachof the applicable test methods.6.3 Test SpecimensTake the number of specimens directed in each of the applicable test methods. Perform the tests on thefabric as it will reach the customer. Any “partially finished” or “post-finished” fabrics should be processed in accordance with thefabric
22、 manufacturers instructions.6.4 If the applicable test method does not specify the number of specimens, use the procedures in Practice D2905 to determinethe number of specimens per laboratory sampling unit. Use (1) a reliable estimate of the variability of individual observations onsimilar materials
23、 in the users laboratory, (2) a 95 % probability level, and (3) an allowable difference of 5 % of the averagebetween the test results on laboratory sampling units and the average for the laboratory sampling unit. The average for a laboratorysampling unit is the average that would be obtained by appl
24、ying the test method to all of the potential specimens from thatlaboratory sampling unit.7. Test Methods7.1 Bursting StrengthDetermine the bursting strength, in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, as directed in TestMethod D3787 using an approved type of constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) mac
25、hine equipped with a bursting attachment or asdirected in Test Method D3786 using an approved type of motor diaphragm-driven bursting tester as agreed upon between thepurchaser and the seller.NOTE 2Fabrics which include fibers which are known to lose strength when wet, such as rayon, should be teste
26、d for wet bursting strength also.NOTE 3There is no overall correlation between the results obtained with the CRT machine equipped with a bursting attachment and thediaphragm-bursting tester. Consequently, these two bursting testers cannot be used interchangeably. In case of controversy, Test Method
27、D3786 shallprevail.NOTE 4The precision of the burst methods are being established by Subcommittee D13.59. The methods are accordingly not recommended foracceptance testing unless preceded by an interlaboratory check test in the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the seller using rando
28、mizedreplicate specimens of the material to be evaluated.7.2 Dimensional Change:7.2.1 LaunderingDetermine the maximum dimensional change after five launderings as directed in the applicable procedurein AATCC Method 135 or as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.7.2.1.1 The wash condition
29、s and drying procedure shall be as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.D3996 1427.3 Colorfastness:7.3.1 Burnt Gas FumesDetermine the colorfastness to burnt gas fumes on the original fabric and after one laundering asdirected in AATCC Method 23.NOTE 5Washing conditions shall be the same
30、as those used in 7.2.1.1.7.3.2 LaunderingDetermine the colorfastness to laundering as directed in the applicable procedure ofAATCC Method 61.Thetest conditions shall be as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.NOTE 6It has been reported that the results for staining, obtained by standard
31、AATCC Test Methods, on fabrics dyed to dark shades that contain aTABLE 1 Specification RequirementsNOTE 1The classesgrades of colorfastness and DPSArating are basedon a numerical scale of 5 for negligible or no color change, color transfer,or wrinkle to 1 for very severe color change, color transfer
32、, or wrinkle.Characteristic Requirements SectionBursting strength (ball burst) 30 lbf (133 N), min 7.1Dimensional change:Laundering: 7.2.1Nonstretch fabrics 5.0 % max in each directionStretch fabrics 7.5 % max in each directionWet relaxation or growth:Stretch fabrics 10.0 % max in each directionDry
33、relaxation or growth 5.0 % max in each directionColorfastness:Burnt Gas Fumes1 cycle: 7.3.1Shade change, original fabricand after 1 launderingClass 4 minAShade change, original fabricand after 1 launderingGrade 4 minASodium Hypochlorite Bleach Class 4 minA 7.3.10Sodium Hypochlorite Bleach Grade 4 mi
34、nA 7.3.10Powdered Non-Chlorine Bleach Class 4 minA 7.3.11Powdered Non-Chlorine Bleach Grade 4 minA 7.3.11Laundering:E 7.3.2Shade change Class 4 minAShade change Grade 4 minAStaining Class 3 minBStaining Grade 3 minBCrocking:E 7.3.3Dry Class 4 minCDry Grade 4 minCWet Class 3 minCWet Grade 3 minCWater
35、:E 7.3.4Shade change Class 4, minAShade change Grade 4, minAStaining Class 3 minBStaining Grade 3 minBPerspiration:E 7.3.5Shade change Class 4 minAShade change Grade 4 minAStaining Class 3 minBStaining Grade 3 minBChlorinated pool waterD . 7.3.6Sea water:E 7.3.7Shade change Class 4 minAShade change
36、Grade 4 minAStaining Class 3, minBStaining Grade 3, minBOzone: 7.3.8Shade change Class 34 minAShade change Grade 34 minALight (40 AATCC FU) (xenon-arc)Step 4 minA 7.3.9Light (40 AATCC Fading Units) (xe-non-arc)Grade 4 minA 7.3.9Flammability pass 7.4A AATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.B AATCC Gray Sc
37、ale for Staining.C AATCC 9-Step Chromatic Transference Scale.D See Note 7.E See Note 6.D3996 143combination of polyester and spandex, or their blends, may not show the full staining propensity of such fabrics in consumer use. It is, therefore,recommended that the staining results obtained by these t
38、ests not be used for acceptance testing of such fabrics.7.3.3 Colorfastness to CrockingDetermine the colorfastness to dry and wet crocking as directed inAATCC Method 8 for solidcolor fabrics or AATCC Method 116 for printed fabrics or as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller. seller (see N
39、ote6).7.3.4 Colorfastness to WaterDetermine the colorfastness to water as directed in AATCC Method 107.Method 107 (see Note6).7.3.5 Colorfastness to Perspiration Determine the colorfastness to perspiration as directed in AATCC Method 15.Method 15(see Note 6).7.3.6 Colorfastness to Water-Chlorinated
40、PoolDetermine colorfastness as directed in AATCC Method 162.NOTE 7The development of a standard method for colorfastness to chlorinated swimming pool water has been referred to Committee RA23 ofAATCC.7.3.7 Colorfastness to Sea WaterDetermine the colorfastness to sea water as directed inAATCC Method
41、106.Method 106 (seeNote 6).7.3.8 OzoneDetermine the colorfastness to ozone as directed in AATCC Method 129.7.3.9 Colorfastness to LightDetermine the colorfastness to light as directed in AATCC Method 16.3.NOTE 8There are distinct differences in spectral distribution between the various types of mach
42、ines listed in AATCC Method 16, with no overallcorrelations between them. Consequently, these machines cannot be used interchangeably. In case of controversy, results obtained with the water-cooledxenon-arc machine listed in Option E3 shall prevail.7.3.10 Colorfastness to Sodium Hypochlorite Bleach
43、Determine the colorfastness to sodium hypochlorite bleach as directedin AATCC Method 188.7.3.11 Colorfastness to Powdered Non-Chlorine Bleach Determine the colorfastness to non-chlorine bleach as directed inAATCC Method 172.7.4 FlammabilityThe flammability requirements shall be as agreed upon betwee
44、n the purchaser and the seller, provided theymeet or exceed those of the applicable Government mandatory standard. (See 2.3.)8. Keywords8.1 swimwearASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users
45、of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every fi
46、ve years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical c
47、ommittee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
48、 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D3996 144
