1、Designation: D 4028 96 (Reapproved 2002)Standard Specification forSolar Screening Woven from Vinyl-Coated Fiber Glass Yarn1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4028; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the requirements for vinyl-coated fiber glass solar screening, and should help
3、usersrecognize the characteristics of acceptable vinyl-coated fiberglass solar screening. This specification is limited in applica-tion to vinyl-coated fiber glass solar screening that is producedwith a ribbed pattern woven in the warp direction. Theapplicability of this specification to vinyl-coate
4、d fiber glasstype solar screening of a non-rib, a double rib (ribs in bothwarp and filling direction), or a filling rib construction is notknown.1.2 This specification shows the definitions, general require-ments, and physical requirements for commercial standardvinyl-coated fiber glass solar screen
5、ing designed and woven forinstallation in any dwelling, building, or structure for thepurpose of providing a significant reduction in solar heat gain,while providing outward view and interior light. Solar screen-ing provides a structure that has insect-restraining capabilitiesequivalent to standard
6、insect screening.NOTE 1For information on standard insect screening, see Specifica-tion D 3656.1.3 This specification shows the values in both SI units andinch-pound units. “SI” is the technically correct name for thesystem of metric units known as the International System ofUnits. “Inch-pound units
7、” is the technically correct name forcustomary units used in the United States. The values stated ineither SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately asstandard. The values expressed in each system may not beexact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used inde-pendently of the ot
8、her without combining in any way.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Sections 8-21 of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this stand
9、ard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 578 Specification for Glass F
10、iber StrandsD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for TestingD 3374 Specification for Vinyl-Coated Glass YarnsD 3656 Specification for Insect Screening and Louver ClothWoven from Vinyl-Coated Glass Fiber YarnD 3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven FabricD 37
11、74 Test Method for Width of Woven FabricD 3775 Test Method for Fabric Count of Woven FabricD 3776 Test Methods for Mass per Unit Area (Weight) ofFabricD 4909 Test Method for Color Stability of Vinyl-CoatedGlass Textiles to Accelerated WeatheringD 4912 Test Method for Fabric Stability of Vinyl-Coated
12、Glass Yarn Insect Screening and Louver ClothD 4963 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Glass Strands andFabricsD 5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics (Strip Method)E 171 Specification for Standard Atmospheres for Condi-tioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Materials2.2 AA
13、TCC Standard:3Evaluating Procedure 1, Grey Scale for Color Change.2.3 ANSI ASHRAE Standard:4Standard 74-1988, Method of Measuring Solar-OpticalProperties of Materials2.4 Federal Test Method Standards:5No. 191, Method 5872, Effect of High Temperature onCloth Blocking, Textile Test Methods1This specif
14、ication is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.18 on Glass Fiber andIts Products.Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1996. Published June 1997. Originallypublished as D 4028 81. Last previous edition D 4028 90.2For referenced AST
15、M standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O.Box
16、12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.4Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 1791 Tullie Circle N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329.5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn:
17、NPODS.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.No. 191, Method 5903, Flame Resistance of Cloth, Vertical,Textile Test MethodsCCC D-950 Specification, Dyeing and After Treating Pro-cesses for Cotton Cloths2.5 Military Standard:
18、3MIL-STD-105D Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-spection by Attributes3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 acceptable quality level (AQL or P1)in acceptancesampling the maximum fraction of nonconforming items atwhich the process average can be considered satisfactory; theprocess average at which
19、the risk of rejection is called theproducers risk.3.1.2 atmosphere for testing textiles, nfor glass, air main-tained at a relative humidity of at least 48 % and no greaterthan 67 %, and at a temperature of at least 20C (68F) and nogreater than 25C (77F).3.1.2.1 DiscussionGlass textiles are used in v
20、arious prod-ucts such as reinforced plastics, mat-like material, tire cords,electrical insulation, etc. Each of these materials requiredifferent testing atmospheres. It is the intent of this wide spreadin testing atmosphere to allow testing of glass textiles inrespective laboratories where end produ
21、ct test atmosphererequirements differ. The test atmospheres for respective prod-ucts should be controlled as specified in Specification E 171. Itis the opinion of Subcommittee D13.18 that the physicalproperties cited in respective specifications would not beaffected by the range selected. In any eve
22、nt, the test atmosphereshould be stated in the report.3.1.3 fabric stability, nin vinyl coated glass screening andlouver cloth, the property denoting the ability to resist move-ment of yarn segments in one direction over yarn segments inthe opposite direction.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe movement of the ya
23、rns may be aresult of weak bonds between crossing yarns as the coating isfused during manufacture.3.1.4 mesh, nin coated glass yarn fabrics, the number ofwarp yarns or ends per linear 25.4 mm (1 in.) followed by thenumber of filling yarns or picks per linear 25.4 mm (1 in.).3.1.5 shading coeffcient,
24、 nthe ratio of the solar heat gainthrough a glazing system under a specific set of conditions tothe solar gain through a single light of double-strength sheetglass under the same conditions.3.1.5.1 DiscussionThis definition is from the AmericanSociety of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning
25、Engi-neers, Inc. (ASHRAE) Handbook of Fundamentals.3.1.6 solar screening, nof coated fiber glass yarn solarscreening, a woven fabric that imparts a shielding or protectionfrom light, heat, wind, and insects without excessive alterationor impairment of visual viewing, and that has a mesh in excessof
26、12 by 12 with a rib pattern in the warp direction formed bythe weaving of two or more contiguous yarns with a minimumof space between such yarns followed by space equivalent tothe width of one or more of the yarns in the rib.3.1.7 For definitions of other textile terms used in thismethod refer to Te
27、rminology D 123.3.1.8 For definitions of plastic terms used in this methodrefer to Terminology D 883.4. General Requirements4.1 Material:4.1.1 WorkmanshipAll commercial standard vinyl-coatedglass yarn solar screening shall be made of high grade materialwith good workmanship and meet the yarn require
28、mentsspecified in Specification D 3374. Products shall be free of anydefects that might affect serviceability or appearance, exceptthose permitted in footnote C of Table 1. The quality accep-tance levels will be determined by agreement between thepurchaser and the supplier.4.1.2 PlasticizersThe mate
29、rial used to coat or impregnatethe fibrous glass yarn shall be a compound of polymerized orcopolymerized vinyl chloride resin, plasticized with phosphateor phthalate ester plasticizers exclusively, pigmented andstabilized to meet the requirements herein.4.1.2.1 Optional PlasticizerAt the suppliers o
30、ption, plas-ticizers other than phosphates and phthalates may be usedprovided the color is not affected and the coating compound istreated with solubilized copper 8 quinolinolate which is listedas inhibitor (e) in Federal Standard CCC-D-950. The amountof fungicide shall be based on the nonvolatile c
31、ontent of thecoating. The coating compound shall be chemically analyzedfor copper 8 quinolinolate content in accordance with FederalStandard CCC-D-950.TABLE 1 DefectsABias or bowed filling distortion at any point 13 mm (12 in.) or more fromhorizontalScalloped selvageBroken or missing end or pick Sla
32、ck, or tight selvageCurled (doubled, rolled, or folded) selvage SmashCut, hole, or tear Splice more than one in 929 cm2(1 ft2)Damaged selvage extending into body of screening Splice more than 25 mm (1 in.) in lengthDouble picks Splice not well made or showing loose ends exceeding 25 mm (1 in.) in le
33、ngthFloats Spot, stain, streak, or mottledBHitch-back, open place, or slippage Tight end or pick causing waviness or ridgeJerked-in filling, slough-off, or kinky filling Uncoated yarnsCKnots Warp streaks or filling barOffshadeBWrong drawAFor definitions of terms used in this table, refer to Terminol
34、ogy D 123.BAt normal inspection distance, approximately1m(1yd).CSingle ends or picks unevenly coated and giving the appearance of a streak, or light-colored, but coated yarn, shall not be scored as a defect when examined at normalinspection distance of approximately1m(1yd).D 4028 96 (2002)24.1.3 Col
35、orFor colors listed in Table 2, the maximum andminimum shade limits shall be defined by color designationslisted in Federal Standard 595A as agreed upon between thepurchaser and the supplier.4.1.4 SelvageVinyl-coated glass screening may be sup-plied with or without selvages as agreed between the pur
36、chaserand supplier.4.1.5 Yarn SplicesVinyl-coated glass yarn splices shall bepermitted provided they show no tails and do not exceed 25mm (1 in.) in length. Yarn splices in the solar screening shallnot exceed 15 per standard 30 m (100 ft) roll, and no more thanone splice shall occur in any 9.30 cm2(
37、1 ft2) of product.4.2 Put-UpVinyl-coated glass yarn solar screening shallbe put-up on rolls and in containers whose dimensions shall beagreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.5. Physical Requirements5.1 AppearanceUnless otherwise agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the supplier, a roll s
38、hall be defective if itcontains one or more defects from the list in Table 1, and thelot shall be unacceptable if the number of defective samplerolls exceeds the acceptance number in Table 6. Table 6 isbased on an acceptable quality level (AQL) of 4 % defectiverolls.5.2 MeshThe standard average mesh
39、 shall be approxi-mately even-spaced as specified in Table 2, 60.5 mesh per 25.4mm (1 in.) in the non-rib direction and 62 mesh in the ribdirection. There are no tolerance requirements within 13 mm(0.5 in.) of the selvage.5.3 Roll LengthEach roll of solar screening complyingwith Specification D 4028
40、 shall contain not less than 30 linearm (100 linear ft), and shall contain not more than two piecesper roll with no piece less than 3 linear m (10 linear ft).5.3.1 The lot shall be unacceptable if the total of the actualgross lengths of rolls in the sample is less than the total of thegross lengths
41、marked on the roll tickets.5.4 WidthThe standard average roll width shall be asspecified in Table 2 +7 or 0 mm (+0.25 or 0 in.).5.5 Mass per Unit AreaThe minimum average mass perunit area for each class shall be as specified in Table 3.5.6 Ignition LossThe average ignition loss shall equal orexceed
42、the value specified in Table 3.5.7 Breaking StrengthThe average breaking strength shallequal or exceed the value specified in Table 3.5.8 Fabric StabilityThe yarns shall be bonded at thecontact or cross-over points to give sufficient fabric stability tothe finished product to equal or exceed the app
43、licable averageforce values specified in Table 3.5.9 Shading CoeffcientThe average shading coefficientshall equal or be less than the value specified in Table 3.5.10 Flame ResistanceThere shall be no propagation offlame along any specimen for longer than 10 s after removal offlame source, and no sin
44、gle specimen may propagate flamealong its entire length in any time increment.5.11 Blocking ResistanceThe surfaces of the solar screen-ing shall not adhere or exhibit blocking in excess of Scale No.1.5.12 Color Stability to Accelerated WeatheringThechange from the original color after 480 h of accel
45、eratedweathering exposure shall be no greater than Step 3 of theAATCC Gray Scale for evaluating change in color.5.12.1 The change from the original color after 960 h ofaccelerated weathering exposure shall be no greater than Step2 of the AATCC Gray Scale.5.12.2 Exposure periods and acceptable change
46、s for colorsother than the colors as listed in Table 2 shall be as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the supplier.6. Sampling Inspection and Number of Specimens6.1 Lot SizeA lot shall consist of each shipment of asingle solar screening having the same color and mesh, unlessotherwise agreed upon b
47、etween the purchaser and the supplier.The lot size shall be designated in linear units of metres (feet).6.2 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take the number of rolls of solar screening directed in anapplicable material specification or other agreement betweenthe purchaser and the sup
48、plier. Consider rolls of solar screeningto be the primary sampling unit. In the absence of such anagreement, take the number of rolls specified in Table 4.TABLE 2 Generally Available Mesh, Widths, and ColorsProductNominal YarnDiameterStandardConstructions (Mesh)Standard Minimum WidthsColorsm in. War
49、p Fill cm in.Fiber glass solar screening 292 0.0115 53 16 46, 51, 56, 61, 66, 71, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, bronze330 0.0130 54 16 76, 81, 86, 91, 96, 102, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, charcoal54 18 107, 112, 117, 122, 42, 44, 46, 48, 54, 60, gray137, 152, 168, 183, 66, 72, 78, 84198, 213TABLE 3 PropertiesSample AveragePropertiesMesh 53by 16Mesh 54by 16Mesh 54by 18Mass per unit area, min:g/m2246 246 246oz/yd27.25 7.25 7.25Ignition loss, min, % 50 50 50Breaking strength, min:Warp N 400 400 400lbf 90 90 90Fill N 155 155 155lbf 35 35 35Fa
