1、Designation: D 4039 09Standard Test Method forReflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4039; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes a procedure for using twospecular gloss measurements to obtain a haze index forhigh-gloss nonmetallic specimens (1-4)
3、.2It is particularlyuseful for evaluating the haze in clear finishes on nonglossysubstrates, and the haze in reflected images produced by thesurfaces of opaque glossy pigmented finishes.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is th
4、eresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 523 Test Method for Specular GlossD 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thi
5、cknessof Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test PanelsD 3964 Practice for Selection of Coating Specimens forAppearance MeasurementsE 284 Terminology of AppearanceE 430 Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 s
6、pecular gloss, nratio of flux reflected in speculardirection to incident flux for a specified angle of incidence andsource and receptor angular apertures.3.1.2 haze, nin reflectionscattering of light at the glossysurface of a specimen responsible for the apparent reduction ofcontrast of objects view
7、ed by reflection at the surface.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 60 specular gloss G60, nspecular gloss measuredwith the 60 geometry specified in Test Method D 523.3.2.2 20 specular gloss G20, nspecular gloss measuredwith the 20 geometry specified in Test Method D 523.3.2.3 h
8、aze index, H, na measure of reflection haze, whereH =G60G20.3.3 Appearance terms used in this standard are defined inTerminology E 284.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Measurements of 60 and 20 specular gloss are madeon a specimen. The haze index is computed as the differencebetween the two measurements
9、.4.2 This test method is applicable to nonmetallic specimenshaving a 60 specular gloss value greater than 70 in accordancewith Test Method D 523.4.3 Both 60 and 20 specular gloss depend upon therefractive index of the material being measured. Because 20gloss changes much more rapidly with index than
10、 60 gloss,the reflection haze value of a specimen also depends on theindex of refraction of the material. To establish a correction forthe effect of refractive index would require its measurement foreach material, which is inconvenient. Comparisons of reflec-tion haze evaluated by this test method a
11、re therefore limited tospecimens of essentially the same refractive index.5. Significance and Use5.1 Measured gloss values of specimens depend on theangle of illumination, refractive index of the material, and thegeometric distribution of the reflected light.5.2 Haze is produced by irregularities in
12、 the reflectingsurface that affect the distribution of flux reflected around thespecular angle. The procedures specified in Test Method D 523are not designed to measure reflected-flux scattering character-istics of high-gloss finishes, particularly where specimenshaving different surface refractive
13、indexes are being compared.5.3 In this test method, values for reflection haze areobtained from two measurements of specular gloss, one madewith a large receptor aperture and the other made with a smallreceptor aperture. The geometric conditions have been chosento permit the use of glossmeters that
14、provide 60 specular gloss1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Colorand Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.04 on Colorand Appearance Analysis.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previ
15、ous edition approved in 2004 as D 4039 93 (2004).2Boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of thistest method.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards v
16、olume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.measure
17、ments (large receptor aperture) and 20 specular glossmeasurements (small receptor aperture) as specified in TestMethod D 523.5.4 An additional method for the measurement of reflectionhaze is given in Test Method E 430.6. Apparatus6.1 Glossmeter(s), capable of measuring 60 and 20 specu-lar gloss in a
18、ccordance with the specifications given in TestMethod D 523.7. Preparation and Selection of Test Specimens7.1 This test method does not cover preparation techniques.When a test requires the preparation of specimens from a liquidcoating, specify the techniques of specimen preparation.7.2 Select test
19、specimens in accordance with PracticeD 3964.7.2.1 To determine the maximum gloss obtainable from amaterial, such as a paint or a varnish, use methods in PracticesD 823 to produce a film of uniform thickness on a smooth,planar substrate.7.2.2 Use surfaces of good planarity, because surfacewarpage, wa
20、viness, or curvature may affect test results signifi-cantly. The directions of brush marks or similar texture effectsshould be parallel to the plane of the axis of the two beams.8. Calibration and Standardization8.1 Calibrate the glossmeters with primary and secondaryworking standards in accordance
21、with the procedures given inTest Method D 523.8.2 The gloss scales in Test Method D 523 are defined byadopting the scale value of 100 for polished black glass with arefractive index of 1.567. However, the polished black glassstandards used in this test method usually have a lowerrefractive index (ap
22、proximately 1.527). The appropriate scalevalues of such standards have been calculated in Test MethodD 523; they are 93.6 for the 60 geometry and 89.2 for the 20geometry.NOTE 1Because of the difference in scale values for the two geom-etries, the haze-free standard or a haze-free specimen of refract
23、ive index1.527 will have a haze index H = 93.6 89.2 = 4.4.9. Procedure9.1 Select an area near the center of the test specimen anddetermine the 60 specular gloss.9.2 Determine the 20 specular gloss on the same area of thespecimen.10. Calculation10.1 Compute the haze index, H, as follows:H 5 G602 G20(
24、1)where:G60= value of 60 specular gloss andG20= value of 20 specular gloss.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 For each specimen, the measured G60and G20valuesand the computed haze index, H.11.1.2 Where preparation of the test specimen has beennecessary, describe or otherwise iden
25、tify the method of prepa-ration.11.1.3 Identify the glossmeter used by make and model.11.1.4 Identify the gloss standards used.12. Precision12.1 On the basis of interlaboratory studies of this proce-dure in which six laboratories conducted single determinationson eight high-gloss coatings differing
26、in visually perceivedreflection haze, the within-laboratory standard deviation forhaze index values was found to be 2.5.12.2 Based on these standard deviations, the followingcriteria should be used for judging the acceptability of singledeterminations at the 95 % confidence level.12.2.1 Repeatabilit
27、yTwo results obtained by a singleoperator should be considered suspect if they differ by morethan 2 units of haze index.12.2.2 ReproducibilityTwo results obtained by operatorsin different laboratories should be considered suspect if theydiffer by more than 7 units of haze index.13. Keywords13.1 haze
28、; high gloss; reflection hazeREFERENCES(1) Nimeroff, I., “Two-Parameter Gloss Methods,” Journal of Research,National Bureau of Standards, Vol 58, No. 3, March 1957, pp.127135.(2) Hammond, III, H. K., and Nimeroff, I., “Measurement of Sixty-DegreeSpecular Gloss,” Journal of Research, National Bureau
29、of Standards,Vol 44, No. 6, June 1950, p. 585.(3) Horning, S. C., and Morse, M. P., “The Measurement of the Gloss ofPaint Panels,” Offcial Digest, Federation of Paint and VarnishProduction Clubs, Vol 19, No. 266, March 1947, p. 153.(4) Hunter, R. S., “Gloss Evaluation of Materials,” ASTM Bulletin, N
30、o.186, December 1952, p. 48.D4039092ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the ris
31、kof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of thi
32、s standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake
33、your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D4039093
