1、Designation: D4041/D4041M 05 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Practice forDetermining Spray Patterns of Mechanical PumpDispensers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4041/D4041M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the determination of spray patternsfrom pump dispensers.1.2 The values stated i
3、n either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This s
4、tandard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international st
5、andard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2.
6、 Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-ments3. Terminology3.1 See Terminology D996 for applicable definitions.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice can be used to compare spray patterns ofdifferent pump dispensers and of different products.
7、4.2 Spray patterns from pump dispensers will vary greatlywith the design of the actuator and the nature of the liquid.Liquids with differing physical properties will not necessarilyyield the same spray pattern when sprayed from the sameactuator. Likewise, actuators of different designs will yieldspr
8、ay patterns distinct from each other when the same liquid isused.5. Apparatus5.1 Target Support Stand, approximately 250 mm wide withthe vertical component approximately 400 mm high. The standshall be attached securely at right angles to the horizontalcomponent. The component shall be approximately
9、700 mmlong and free of air turbulence, that will provide for stationarypositioning of the paper target. An optional paper target ispositioned along the length of the horizontal component torecord fallout.5.2 Container Support Stand, that will position the pumpdispenser and container a specific dista
10、nce and center them tothe target. (Alternatively, the pump dispenser and containermay be held firmly by hand on a flat, horizontal surface.)5.3 Measuring Rule.5.4 Alcohol-Sensitive Paper, cut to the desired length andwidth.5.5 Plain White Paper, cut to the desired length and width.5.6 Dyes of Oil Ba
11、se for Petroleum-Based Products orWater Base for Water-Based ProductsThese dyes, whendissolved in the liquid, shall be in sufficient concentrate to givea strong color when sprayed onto the target paper.NOTE 1Dyes must be compatible and completely soluble in the testliquid. The dyed liquid shall be f
12、iltered prior to use to remove any solidparticles.6. Sampling6.1 Select an appropriate number of dry, unused dispensersat random for the precision and bias desired.7. Conditioning7.1 If possible, condition the test specimens at 23 6 3C 736 5.4F for not less than 4 h. If the test specimens are not1Th
13、is practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on PrimaryBarrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.30 onMechanical Dispensers.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2010 a
14、s D4041/D4041M 05(2010)1. DOI: 10.1520/D4041_D4041M-05R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Cop
15、yright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Internat
16、ional Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1conditioned at the recommended temperature, this should benoted in the test report discussed in 10.1.7.2 Test pumps should be tested no sooner than 24 h afterassembly when
17、possible. If the pumps are not conditioned atthe recommended time, this should be noted in the test reportdiscussed in 10.1.8. Procedure8.1 Attach the pump to the container of the test liquid.NOTE 2If the plain white paper is selected as the target, then the liquidproduct must contain a dye. If the
18、alcohol-sensitive paper is selected as thetarget, then the liquid product must contain alcohol in order to stain thisspecial paper. This method is acceptable for all products.NOTE 3Liquid products with water should not be tested on alcohol-sensitive paper, since the pattern will begin to change in s
19、ize and shapeimmediately due to evaporation. With no alcohol to permanently stain thealcohol-sensitive paper, the results may be unreliable. This method isacceptable for products containing alcohol.8.2 If the pump dispenser is equipped with an overcap orlocking feature, remove or release them to per
20、mit the pumpdispenser to be in the operable mode. If the pump dispenserpossesses an adjustable product dispensing feature, make theappropriate adjustment to the feature at this time as determinedby preliminary experimentation.8.3 Secure a sheet of the desired paper against the targetsupport stand. T
21、ake special care in ensuring that the paper isflat against the target support stand in a vertical plane. At thistime, the optional horizontal paper target may be placed in thebottom of the target support stand.8.4 Prime the pump dispenser until a full discharge isobtained.8.5 Immediately place the p
22、rimed pump dispenser at thedesired distance from the target 102 mm 4 in., 152 mm 6in., or 204 mm 8 in. are common distances used). The faceof the exit orifice should be parallel with the surface of thespray target and aim at the center of the spray target.8.6 Actuate the pump dispenser once manually
23、 or withmechanical/pneumatic means at a velocity equivalent to 60 to120 strokes/min, or at an appropriate velocity.8.7 Remove the target paper from the stand and allow it todry flat.8.8 If a spray pattern is irregular in shape, perform anadditional test with that pump.9. Interpretation of Results9.1
24、 Measure the diameter of the concentrated pattern alongthe approximate X- and Y-axes. Spray patterns may not beround, so the aspect ratio of the X-axis by the Y-axis will behelpful in documenting non-round shapes. An average valuefor the two measurements may also be reported.9.2 If a void is found o
25、n the perimeter of the spray pattern,and this void affects the true measurement of the diameter,estimate the project of the spray patterns arc through themeasurement axis. This defect should be documented in thereport.9.3 If a “pull,” a single concentrated group of spray particlesradiating from the
26、spray patterns center to beyond the perim-eter of the spray pattern, is present, it should not be included inthe measurement. This defect should be documented in thereport.9.4 If the axes of an oblong or elliptical pattern are not inline with the X- and Y-axes of the target, the long and short axess
27、hould be measured and the angle of the pattern from theX-axis of the target should be documented in the report.9.5 If the spray pattern results in a star shape, then thelongest dimensions on the X- and Y-axes should be recorded,and the irregular shape of the pattern should be documented inthe report
28、.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 All identifications, that is, product, pump dispenser,temperature, dosage, orifice size, type of target paper used,type of dye used and, if available, the properties of the liquidproduct (viscosity, density, and surface tension).NOTE 4The absor
29、bency of the different types of target papers vary andthis should be taken into consideration when comparing results fromanother test.10.1.2 Distance in millimetres or inches from orifice totarget.10.1.3 Verbal description of spray pattern (for example,round, oval, irregular, star-shaped, heavy, lig
30、ht, moderate,spotty, and so forth).10.1.4 Verbal description of fallout (for example, heavy,light, moderate, spotty, and so forth).10.1.5 Measurement of the X- and Y-axes of the spraypattern; in increments of 1 cm,14 in. or12 in. are recom-mended.11. Keywords11.1 measurement of spray patterns from p
31、ump dispensers;pump dispensersspray pattern; spray pattern measurementD4041/D4041M 05 (2017)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determinati
32、on of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdr
33、awn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your
34、comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single
35、 or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 05 (2017)3
