1、Designation: D4049 06 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forDetermining the Resistance of Lubricating Grease to WaterSpray1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method2covers the ability of a grease to adhereto a metal surface when subjected to a water sp
3、ray underprescribed laboratory conditions.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the
4、user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGreaseD1742 Test Method for Oil Separation from Lubricat
5、ingGrease During StorageE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 lubricating grease, na semi-fluid to solid product ofa thickener in a liquid lubricant.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe dispersion of the thickener forms a
6、two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid by surfacetension and other physical forces. Other ingredients are com-monly included to impart special properties. D2173.1.2 oil separation, nthe appearance of a liquid fractionfrom an otherwise homogeneous lubricating composition.D17423.1.3 thickener, ni
7、n lubricating grease, a substance com-posed of finely divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricantto form the products structure.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe thickeners can be fibers (such asvarious metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certainnon-soap thickeners), which are insoluble or, at m
8、ost, only veryslightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general require-ments are that the solid particles be extremely small, uniformlydispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable, gel-likestructure with the liquid lubricant. D2174. Summary of Test Method4.1 The grease to be tested is
9、coated on a stainless steelpanel and sprayed with water at the specified test temperatureand pressure. The amount of grease remaining on the panelafter 5 min 6 15 s is a measure of the resistance of the greaseto water spray.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to evaluate the ability
10、of agrease to adhere to a metal surface when subjected to directwater spray. The results obtained from the use of this testmethod suggest correlation in operations involving direct waterspray impingement such as steel mill roll neck bearing ser-vice.4This test method is used for quality control and
11、purchasespecifications.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.G0.06 on Functional Tests - Contamination.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. Originallyapproved
12、 in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4049 - 06. DOI:10.1520/D4049-06R11.2The development of this test method is described in Musilli, T. G., “WaterSpray-Off Characteristics of Lubricating Grease,” NLGI Spokesman, December1982, pp. 323326.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM
13、 website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4A. E. Cichelli, “Evaluation of Greases for Steel Mill Service,” NLGI Spokes-man, August 1973, and A. E. Ci
14、chelli, “Grease Lubrication in Steel Mills withEmphasis on Roll Neck Bearings,” NLGI Spokesman, April 1980.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Apparatus56.1 Stainless Steel Test Panel, 18-8 (chromium-nickel)stainless s
15、teel, as shown in Fig. 1.6.1.1 Grease Application Jig, for applying grease to panel;Fig. 2.6.2 Water Spray Apparatus, as shown in Fig. 3.6.3 Spray Nozzle, as shown in Fig. 4.6.4 Thermometer or Thermocouple, capable of measuring38 6 0.5C, to determine the temperature of the water spray,positioned to
16、prevent breaking the spray pattern.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Socie
17、ty,where such specifications are available.6Other grades may beused, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.7.2 Mineral Spirits, reagent grade, minimum purity.(WarningCombustible. Vapor harm
18、ful.)7.3 n-Heptane, reagent grade, minimum purity.(WarningFlammable. Harmful if inhaled.)8. Sampling8.1 Each test will require a quantity sufficient to cover thesteel panel (approximately 4 to 12 g).8.2 Supply a 25-g (minimum) representative sample.8.3 Examine for any indication of nonhomogeneity, s
19、uch asoil separation, phase changes, or gross contamination. If anyabnormal conditions are found, obtain a new sample.9. Preparation of Apparatus9.1 Clean the test panel by brushing with mineral spirits.Then rinse with n-heptane and air dry. (WarningSee 7.2 and7.3.)9.2 Clean reservoir by flushing wi
20、th water and wipe off anyresidual oil film from the surfaces of the reservoir and from thespray chamber area. Disassemble and clean the spray nozzle,taking care to properly position the vane in the cone bodyduring assembly. This shall be done after each test.NOTE 1For proper vane orientation, see Fi
21、g. 4.9.2.1 Visually inspect apparatus prior to each test to ensurecleanliness.10. Procedure10.1 Weigh a clean test panel to the nearest 0.1 g, and recordas W1, and then, using the metal jig (as shown in Fig. 2), use5The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Koe
22、hler Instrument Co., Inc., 1595 Sycamore Ave., Bohemia, NY 11716. If youare aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.6Re
23、agent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
24、and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.DIMENSIONSin. mmA Overall panel length 6.0 152.4B Raised section length 4.0 101.6C Width 2.000 - 0.002 50.8 - 0.05D Thickness0316 6 0.003 4.76 6 0.08E Reduced section thickness116 1.59F Reduced section length 1.0 25.4NO
25、TEAll tolerances 60.03 mm unless otherwise specified.FIG. 1 Stainless Steel Test PanelDIMENSIONSin. mmG Width 3.0 76.2H Length 8.0 203.2I Thickness716 11.11J Raised section width12 12.7K Reduced section thickness732 5.54L Reduced section width 2.001 + 0.003 50.83 + 0.5NOTEAll tolerances 60.03 mm unl
26、ess otherwise specified.FIG. 2 Grease Application JigD4049 06 (2011)2a spatula to spread approximately a 0.8 6 0.005-mm (132-in.)thick film of grease. Clean off any grease beyond the raisedsection of the panel. Reweigh and record as W2.10.2 Add an adequate amount of tap water to the reservoirand to
27、cover the heater and adjust the water temperature to 386 0.5C (100 6 1F). When the water temperature in thereservoir reaches 38 6 0.5C (100 6 1F), circulate 2 to 3 minto attain temperature equilibrium before spraying the panel.Adjust pump pressure to 276 6 7 kPa (40 6 1 psi) using thebypass valve. T
28、he bypass valve must be ahead of the gauge, notbetween the gauge and nozzle. Shut off the motor.10.3 Insert the panel, making sure the panel is level andcentered below the spray nozzle. Start the motor and spray thewater on the panel for 5 min 6 15 s.10.4 Shut off the motor to stop the spray, and re
29、move thepanel. Remove the excess grease outside the raised section ofpanel (area BC, Fig. 1) and along the sides and bottom of thepanel. Place the panel in a horizontal position in an oven for 1h 6 5 min at 66 6 1C (150 6 2F).10.5 Remove the panel from the oven, and allow to cool.Reweigh the panel,
30、and record as W3.11. Calculation11.1 Calculate the percent spray-off as follows:% spray2off 5FW2 W3!W2 W1!G100! (1)where:W1= initial mass of clean panel,W2= panel plus grease, before spraying, andW3= panel plus grease, after spraying.12. Report12.1 Report the following: date, grease identity, and pe
31、rcentspray-off to the nearest 1.0 %.13. Precision and Bias713.1 The precision of this test method as determined bystatistical examination of interlaboratory results in accordancewith Practice E691 is as follows:13.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between two test re-sults obtained by the same operato
32、r with the same apparatusunder constant operating conditions on identical test materialwould, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation ofthe test method, exceed the following value in only one case intwenty:6.0 % spray-off13.1.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two singleand indepen
33、dent results obtained by different operators work-ing in different laboratories on identical test material would, inthe long run, in the normal and correct operation of the testmethod, exceed the following value in only one case in twenty:18.0 % spray-off13.2 BiasThe procedure for measuring a grease
34、s resis-tance to water spray has no bias because the value of spray-offcan be defined only in terms of a test method.14. Keywords14.1 grease; spray; water resistance; waterspray7Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02
35、-1188.NOTEThe bypass valve shall be ahead of the gauge, not between the gauge and nozzle.FIG. 3 Water Spray ApparatusD4049 06 (2011)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standar
36、d are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif
37、not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, whic
38、h you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,Un
39、ited States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TYPE OF LIQUID CAPACITY G.P.M. AND SPRAY ANGLE AT PRESSURE (psi)40 60 80 100 150 250Water1.9 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.6 5.065 63 61 60 58 55kPa psi276 40414 60552 80689 1001034 1501724 250FIG. 4 Full Cone Spray TesterD4049 06 (2011)4
