1、Designation: D4049 16Standard Test Method forDetermining the Resistance of Lubricating Grease to WaterSpray1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method2covers the ability of a grease to adhereto a metal surface when subjected to a water spray underprescrib
3、ed laboratory conditions.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionThe values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the use
4、r of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGreaseD1742 Test Method for Oil Separation from Lubricating
5、Grease During StorageE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 lubricating grease, na semi-fluid to solid product ofa dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe dispersion of the thic
6、kener forms atwo-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant bysurface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredients arecommonly included to impart special properties. D2173.1.2 oil separation, nthe appearance of a liquid fractionfrom an otherwise homogeneous lubricating composition.D17
7、423.1.3 thickener, nin lubricating grease, a substance com-posed of finely divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricantto form the products structure.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe thickeners can be fibers (such asvarious metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certainnon-soap thickeners), which a
8、re insoluble or, at most, only veryslightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general require-ments are that the solid particles be extremely small, uniformlydispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable, gel-likestructure with the liquid lubricant. D2174. Summary of Test Method4.1 The gr
9、ease to be tested is coated on a stainless steelpanel and sprayed with water at the specified test temperatureand pressure. The amount of grease remaining on the panelafter 5 min 6 15 s is a measure of the resistance of the greaseto water spray.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to
10、evaluate the ability of agrease to adhere to a metal surface when subjected to directwater spray. The results obtained from the use of this testmethod suggest correlation in operations involving direct waterspray impingement such as steel mill roll neck bearing ser-vice.4This test method is used for
11、 quality control and purchasespecifications.6. Apparatus56.1 Stainless Steel Test Panel, 18-8 (chromium-nickel)stainless steel, as shown in Fig. 1.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofS
12、ubcommittee D02.G0.06 on Functional Tests - Contamination.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published January 2017. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D4049 06 (2011).DOI: 10.1520/D4049-16.2The development of this test method is described in Musilli, T. G., “W
13、aterSpray-Off Characteristics of Lubricating Grease,” NLGI Spokesman, December1982, pp. 323326.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Documen
14、t Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Cichelli, A. E. “Evaluation of Greases for Steel Mill Service,” NLGISpokesman, August 1973, and A. E. Cichelli, “Grease Lubrication in Steel Millswith Emphasis on Roll Neck Bearings,” NLGI Spokesman, April 1980.5The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to t
15、he committee at this timeis Koehler Instrument Co., Inc., 1595 Sycamore Ave., Bohemia, NY 11716. If youare aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical comm
16、ittee,1which you may attend.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized princi
17、ples on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.16.1.1 Grease Application Jig, for applying grease to panel;Fig. 2.6.2 Water
18、Spray Apparatus, as shown in Fig. 3.6.3 Spray Nozzle, as shown in Fig. 4.6.4 Thermometer or Thermocouple , capable of measuring38 C 6 0.5 C, to determine the temperature of the waterspray, positioned to prevent breaking the spray pattern.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade c
19、hemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,where such specifications are available.6Other grades may beused, provided it is first ascerta
20、ined that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.7.2 Mineral Spirits, reagent grade, minimum purity.(WarningCombustible. Vapor harmful.)7.3 n-Heptane, reagent grade, minimum purity.(WarningFlammable. Harmful if inhaled.)8. Sampl
21、ing8.1 Each test will require a quantity sufficient to cover thesteel panel (approximately 4 g to 12 g).8.2 Supply a 25 g (minimum) representative sample.8.3 Examine for any indication of nonhomogeneity, such asoil separation, phase changes, or gross contamination. If anyabnormal conditions are foun
22、d, obtain a new sample.9. Preparation of Apparatus9.1 Clean the test panel by brushing with mineral spirits.Then rinse with n-heptane and air dry. (WarningSee 7.2 and7.3.)9.2 Clean reservoir by flushing with water and wipe off anyresidual oil film from the surfaces of the reservoir and from thespray
23、 chamber area. Disassemble and clean the spray nozzle,taking care to properly position the vane in the cone bodyduring assembly. This shall be done after each test.NOTE 1For proper vane orientation, see Fig. 4.9.2.1 Visually inspect apparatus prior to each test to ensurecleanliness.10. Procedure10.1
24、 Weigh a clean test panel to the nearest 0.1 g, and recordas W1, and then, using the metal jig (as shown in Fig. 2), usea spatula to spread approximately a 0.8 mm 6 0.005 mm(132 in.) thick film of grease. Clean off any grease beyond theraised section of the panel. Reweigh and record as W2.10.2 Add a
25、n adequate amount of tap water to the reservoirand to cover the heater and adjust the water temperature to38 C 6 0.5 C (100 F 6 1 F). When the water temperaturein the reservoir reaches 38 C 6 0.5 C (100 F 6 1 F),circulate 2 min to 3 min to attain temperature equilibriumbefore spraying the panel. Adj
26、ust pump pressure to 276 kPa 66Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., an
27、d the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.DIMENSIONSin. mmA Overall panel length 6.0 152.4B Raised section length 4.0 101.6C Width 2.000 - 0.002 50.8 - 0.05D Thickness0316 0.003 4.76 0.08E Reduced section thickness116 1.59F Reduc
28、ed section length 1.0 25.4NOTE 1All tolerances 60.03 mm unless otherwise specified.FIG. 1 Stainless Steel Test PanelDIMENSIONSin. mmG Width 3.0 76.2H Length 8.0 203.2I Thickness716 11.11J Raised section width12 12.7K Reduced section thickness732 5.54L Reduced section width 2.001 + 0.003 50.83 + 0.5N
29、OTE 1All tolerances 60.03 mm unless otherwise specified.FIG. 2 Grease Application JigD4049 1627 kPa (40 psi 6 1 psi) using the bypass valve. The bypassvalve must be ahead of the gauge, not between the gauge andnozzle. Shut off the motor.10.3 Insert the panel, making sure the panel is level andcenter
30、ed below the spray nozzle. Start the motor and spray thewater on the panel for 5 min 6 15 s.10.4 Shut off the motor to stop the spray, and remove thepanel. Remove the excess grease outside the raised section ofpanel (area BC, Fig. 1) and along the sides and bottom of thepanel. Place the panel in a h
31、orizontal position in an oven for 1 h6 5 min at 66 C 6 1 C (150 F 6 2 F).10.5 Remove the panel from the oven, and allow to cool.Reweigh the panel, and record as W3.11. Calculation11.1 Calculate the percent spray-off as follows:% spray 2 off 5FW22 W3!W22 W1!G 100! (1)where:W1= initial mass of clean p
32、anel,W2= panel plus grease, before spraying, andW3= panel plus grease, after spraying.12. Report12.1 Report the following: date, grease identity, and percentspray-off to the nearest 1.0 %.13. Precision and Bias713.1 The precision of this test method as determined bystatistical examination of interla
33、boratory results in accordancewith Practice E691 is as follows:13.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between two test re-sults obtained by the same operator with the same apparatusunder constant operating conditions on identical test materialwould, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation o
34、fthe test method, exceed the following value in only one case intwenty:6.0 % spray-off13.1.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two singleand independent results obtained by different operators work-ing in different laboratories on identical test material would, inthe long run, in the normal and
35、correct operation of the testmethod, exceed the following value in only one case in twenty:18.0 % spray-off13.2 BiasThe procedure for measuring a greases resis-tance to water spray has no bias because the value of spray-offcan be defined only in terms of a test method.14. Keywords14.1 grease; spray;
36、 water resistance; waterspray7Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1188.NOTE 1The bypass valve shall be ahead of the gauge, not between the gauge and nozzle.FIG. 3 Water Spray ApparatusD4049 163SUMMARY OF CHANGESSu
37、bcommittee D02.G0 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D4049 06 (2011) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Dec. 1, 2016.)(1) Revised definition in subsection 3.1.1.TYPE OFLIQUIDCAPACITY G.P.M. AND SPRAY ANGLE AT PRESSURE (psi)40 60 80
38、100 150 250Water1.9 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.6 5.065 63 61 60 58 55kPa psi276 40414 60552 80689 1001034 1501724 250FIG. 4 Full Cone Spray TesterD4049 164ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of thi
39、s standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five yea
40、rs andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical commit
41、tee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1942
42、8-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 165
