1、Designation: D4071 84 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Practice forUse of Portland Cement Concrete Bridge Deck Water BarrierMembrane Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4071; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers liquid applied, preformed, orbuilt-up water barrier membrane systems and th
3、eir application;overlaid with bituminous concrete wearing courses, for use inthe protection of bridge decks from deleterious effects ofdeicing salts. Material use and specifications should be adaptedto conform to job and user requirements for new constructionor existing structures. This practice is
4、written as a guide for theuse of bridge deck water barrier systems only.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine t
5、he applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Section 10.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3743 Terminology Relating to Bridge Deck and Substruc-ture Protection (Withdrawn 2004)32.2 Other Documents:NCHRP Synthesis Report 57 Durabi
6、lity of Concrete BridgeDecks43. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer toTerminology D3743.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice provides a guide for factors to be consid-ered prior to waterproofing bridge decks with water barriermembrane systems. It will provide gui
7、dance for specificationof materials, application of membrane systems, and placementof bituminous wearing courses. It may be used as a guide fornew construction or for rehabilitation of existing structures.5. Bridge Design and Specification Consideration5.1 Proper use of water barrier membranes with
8、bituminousconcrete wearing courses requires consideration of certainelements during the design stage of new or existing bridges tobe treated and covered with a bituminous concrete wearingcourse.5.2 New bridge deck designs must include provision fordead loads including future systems.5.3 The deck sur
9、face finish should be specified to allowproper use of the intended membrane system. Manufacturersrecommendations for surface finish should be reviewed forguidance on finishing freshly placed concrete or for repair ofexisting deck surfaces.5.4 Surface drains should be designed to allow positivedraina
10、ge to minimize the penetration of water through thebituminous wearing course.5.5 Joint systems should be designed to provide adequatetermination points for the membrane. Membranes should notbe placed over expansion joints. Dams or expansion assembliesshould be provided to the height of the bituminou
11、s wearingcourse.5.6 Curbs or parapets, or both, should be designed forfunctional terminations. Manufacturers of membrane systemsshould be consulted for recommended termination details. Ifrough surfaces (such as granite curbs) are specified, a treatmentshould be specified to provide the surface smoot
12、hness requiredfor the proper use of the membrane. Treatment of rough curbsmay be achieved with a leveling surface treatment with epoxymortar or other suitable materials.5.7 Decks should include weepholes to provide drainage forwater which penetrates through the bituminous wearing courseto the membra
13、ne level.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road andPaving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.32 onBridges and Structures.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approv
14、ed in 2011 as D4071 84 (2011).DOI: 10.1520/D4071-84R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The l
15、ast approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from the National Cooperative Highway Reseacrh Program(NCHRP), Keck Center of the National Academies Transportation Research Board,500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr
16、 Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.8 For bridges with significant grades (usually over 4 %) orthose which are subject to traffic acceleration, deceleration, orradial stresses (such as on ramps), the use of membranesystems may cause overlay movement. Membran
17、e manufac-turers should be consulted for limitations on membrane use.5.9 Service life and maintenance requirements should beconsidered when designing the water barrier and wearingsurface.5.10 Specified materials should be chemically and physi-cally compatible with specific emphasis on proper adhesio
18、n ofthe membrane and the bituminous wearing course.6. Bridge Construction6.1 A preconstruction conference should be held to assurethat the contractor is aware of all construction requirementswhich affect the membrane system.6.2 Inspectors should ensure that surface finish of theconcrete deck is acce
19、ptable for the use of the intendedmembrane system, usually an even float finish.6.3 Concrete decks or other components should be curedand dried for the required minimum time before installation ofthe membrane. Limitations on curing methods or curingmaterials should be observed. In most cases, the us
20、e ofmembrane curing compounds containing wax or oil should beprohibited.6.4 Care should be exercised to avoid the use of materialswhich are chemically or physically incompatible with themembrane system to be used.7. Membrane Application7.1 Apreconstruction conference should be held to schedulemembra
21、ne application and placement of the bituminous wear-ing course.7.2 Prior to application, the bridge deck should beinspected, deficiencies noted, and repairs made.7.3 Cleaning should be done prior to application of any ofthe membrane system components. Grease and oil should beremoved.7.4 Membranes an
22、d bituminous concrete overlays should beapplied only during dry weather and within the acceptabletemperature range.7.5 Manufacturers specifications or technical representa-tives should be consulted to ensure that proper methodsrecommended by the manufacturer are used.7.6 Termination details should b
23、e thoroughly inspected toensure that they are watertight.7.7 The membrane should be placed in such a manner thatoverlaps in preformed or built-up systems will not trap water orinterfere with placement of the bituminous wearing course.7.8 Placement and subsequent treatment such as rollingshould be in
24、spected to assure that bubbles or blisters resultingfrom deck moisture outgassing are minimized. Large bubblesor blisters should be punctured or repaired, or both, asspecified.Abituminous mix with sand or fine aggregate may beused as an underlayment for membranes to minimize bubblingor blistering.7.
25、9 Membrane terminations at drains, joints, and curbsshould be properly sealed to prevent water entry at thesecritical areas.7.10 The completed membrane system application shouldbe inspected and repairs made in accordance with specifica-tions.7.11 Membrane systems should be protected in accordancewit
26、h specifications.7.12 Traffic should not be allowed on the unprotectedmembrane system except as required for placement of thebituminous wearing course.8. Bituminous Wearing Course8.1 The bituminous wearing course should be designed toprovide a completely bonded system and to provide therequired serv
27、ice life. Chemical and physical compatibility ofall components including tack coats, (if required) should bedetermined.8.2 The bituminous wearing course thickness, aggregatesize and gradation, asphalt type and quantity, should bedetermined by the service life requirements. It should conformto minimu
28、m thickness requirements recommended by themembrane manufacturer.8.3 Placement of the bituminous wearing course should becompleted within the time period specified. Generally, mem-branes should be exposed for the shortest possible time. Someliquid applied systems may require a minimum time for curin
29、gof the membrane.8.4 Weather limitations, dry surfaces, and ambient tempera-ture requirements should be observed.8.5 The bituminous wearing course should be placed at atemperature range specified for the membrane system beingused.8.6 The type of bituminous placing equipment should bechosen in accord
30、ance with specifications or membrane manu-facturers recommendations, or both, to prevent physical dam-age to the membrane.8.7 The bituminous wearing course should be placed in adirection to avoid damage to the membrane.8.8 Special requirements concerning compaction equipmentor methods should be obse
31、rved.9. Rehabilitation of Existing Structures9.1 In addition to the considerations contained in Sections 5through 8, the use of membrane systems and bituminouswearing courses on existing bridge decks require additionalconsiderations.9.1.1 Experience has shown that placement of a membranesystem on an
32、 actively corroding, chloride-contaminated bridgedeck will not stop corrosion. Its effect on the rate of corrosionis not yet known. NCHRP Synthesis Report 57 should beconsulted for additional guidance on this matter.D4071 84 (2016)29.1.2 The structural capability of the bridge must be deter-mined fo
33、r the added dead load of the membrane system andbituminous wearing course.9.1.3 Requirements for surface and membrane level drain-age should be considered. Existing drains should be raised andmembrane level weepholes should be provided if drainage willbe impeded at the membrane level.9.1.4 Expansion
34、 joints should be replaced or raised to allowfor the elevation change of the bituminous wearing course.9.1.5 Curbs or parapets should be examined to assure thatsatisfactory membrane system terminations can be made.9.1.6 Deck and curb surfaces must be repaired to provide asound substrate and a proper
35、 surface for the use of membranesystems. Repair materials specified should be chemicallycompatible with the membrane. Adequate curing time shouldbe allowed for repair materials before application of themembrane system.9.1.7 Cleaning should be clearly specified, particularly withregard to removal of
36、grease or oil from existing deck surfaces.9.1.8 Traffic control methods should be considered. If workis required under traffic conditions, membrane and bituminouswearing course placement must be scheduled to allow foroverlapping membrane when traffic is rerouted from one laneto another.10. Safety10.
37、1 Procedures for safe handling of all components ofmembrane systems should be determined and observed. Manu-facturers recommendations should be followed.10.2 Questions regarding toxicity should be considered andproper safeguards should be employed.10.3 Traffic control should be sufficient to prevent
38、 trafficaccidents or unusual safety hazards to working personnel.11. Keywords11.1 bridge deck; membrane; protective systems; waterbarrier; waterproofingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Us
39、ers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed ever
40、y five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible techni
41、cal committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocke
42、n, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 84 (2016)3
