1、Designation: D4073 06 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Method forTensile-Tear Strength of Bituminous Roofing Membranes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4073; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile-tear strength of bituminous roofing membranes.1.2 The va
3、lues stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate
4、safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products andBituminous Materials by DistillationD2829 Practice for Sampling and Analysis of ExistingBuilt-Up Roof Syst
5、emsD3617 Practice for Sampling and Analysis of Built-Up RoofSystems During Application3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The tensile-tear strength of a membrane in both longi-tudinal and transverse directions is determined by measuringthe maximum load when notched specimens of specific dimen-sions are tes
6、ted to failure at an arbitrary, fixed, tensile strainrate.4. Significance and Use4.1 Determining the tensile-tear strength of laboratory andfield samples of roofing membranes should be useful indeveloping performance criteria, and as one basis for compari-son of different materials and systems. The
7、effects oftemperature, moisture, and aging may be evaluated by appro-priate selection of field samples or conditioning of laboratorysamples, and tests may be conducted in an environmentalchamber.5. Apparatus5.1 Testing Machine Universal or standard testing ma-chine with automatic load and strain rec
8、ording equipment,capable of cross-head movement at a constant rate of 2.54mm/min (0.100 in./min).5.2 GripsSelf-aligning grips or clamps for holding the testspecimen between the stationary member and the movablemember or cross-head of the testing machine. Jaw faces of thegrips shall be 75 mm (3.0 in.
9、) wide by 50 mm (2.0 in.) deep,shall provide uniform clamping pressure, and shall preventslippage of the specimen during test.5.3 Environmental ChamberAn insulated chamber withheating and cooling capabilities, designed to enclose the testspecimen and clamps so that the temperature may be controlledd
10、uring a test.6. Sampling6.1 Field Samples Field samples shall be taken in accor-dance with Practice D2829 or D3617 but of a size suitable toprovide sufficient material for testing in both the machine andcross-machine directions. In cases where field applied aggre-gate is in place, it shall be remove
11、d with a hot scraper such asa putty knife without damaging the top felt. In cases where theinsulation facer is a part of the membrane system it should beincluded and so reported.6.2 Laboratory Samples:6.2.1 Condition all components at 23 6 2C (74 6 4F) and50 6 5 % relative humidity for a minimum of
12、72 h prior toconstructing the membrane sample.6.2.2 Prepare sample membranes approximately 300 by 500mm (12 by 20 in.) as required by the roof specifications beingtested, exclusive of aggregate.6.2.3 The quantity of bitumen in any layer shall be within10 % of the quantity specified and the entire sa
13、mple shall bewithin 5 %. (These requirements apply to laboratory preparedsamples only.)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.20 onRoofing Membrane Systems.Current edition approved May 1, 2013
14、. Published May 2013. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4073 06. DOI:10.1520/D4073-06R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,
15、 refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17. Test Specimen7.1 Cut at least three test specimens, in each orientation tobe tested, of the laboratory prepared or fie
16、ld sampled mem-brane with a die or a sharp razor-knife using a metal templateto produce the shape shown in Fig. 1. Machine-direction (MD)test specimens shall be oriented with the long dimension of thetest specimen parallel to machine direction. Cross-machine-direction (CMD) test specimens shall be o
17、riented with the longdimension of the test specimen parallel to cross-machinedirection.7.2 Specimens shall contain in the notch area (see Fig. 1) theminimum number of plies specified for the membrane.8. Conditioning8.1 Maintain specimens cut from field samples “asreceived,” or condition them for 72
18、h at any desired tempera-ture and humidity prior to testing under those conditions.8.2 Condition specimens cut from laboratory preparedsamples for a minimum of 72 h at 23 6 2C (74 6 4F) and50 6 5 % relative humidity, or any desired temperature andhumidity prior to testing under those conditions.9. P
19、rocedure9.1 Establish the desired conditions in the environmentalchamber, if used, and set the jaws of the self-aligning grips 100mm (4 in.) apart. Clamp the test specimen in the jaws so thatthe jaw faces cover a 75 mm (3 in.) wide by 50 mm (2 in.) deeparea of the specimen at each end.9.2 Start the
20、testing machine and break the specimen intension with a constant rate of cross-head movement of 2.54mm/min (0.100 in./min). Record the maximum load in pounds-force (newtons) as the tensile-tear strength of the specimen.9.3 Determine the moisture content of specimens in accor-dance with Test Method D
21、95 immediately after breaking. Anymoisture condensed on the surface of the specimen should beremoved prior to testing moisture content.9.4 Unless another temperature is specified, test specimensat 23 6 2C (74 6 4F).10. Report10.1 The report shall include the following:10.1.1 Complete description of
22、the membrane tested, in-cluding identification of all components if possible.10.1.2 Source and location from which field samples wereobtained, the date obtained, and the date constructed; forlaboratory samples, the date constructed.10.1.3 Conditioning and testing procedure followed, includ-ing tempe
23、rature and humidity, and the date of test.10.1.4 Tensile-tear strength of each specimen, and theaverage values in each direction for not less than threespecimens.10.1.5 Moisture content of specimens.11. Precision11.1 PrecisionBecause of the variations in felts andfabrics, repeatability and reproduci
24、bility may vary dependingupon the type of felt or fabric and the number of plies in themembrane. Reproducibility may be expected to vary approxi-mately 7 % about the mean for similar samples.11.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias for this test method,
25、 bias hasnot been determined.12. Keywords12.1 bituminous roofing membranes; field and laboratorysamples; tensile-tear strengthFIG. 1 Tensile Tear SpecimenD4073 06 (2013)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin
26、 this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and mus
27、t be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
28、responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
29、, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D4073 06 (2013)3
