1、Designation: D4074/D4074M 11Standard Test Method forBitumen and Aggregate Content of Bitumen-AggregateMixtures From Roofing Samples1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4074/D4074M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bitu-men content of adhered aggregate surf
3、acing on a roof, and theapproximate mass per unit area of the flood coat and adheredaggregate.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used indep
4、endently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety a
5、nd health practices and determine the applica-bility and regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D71 Test Method for Relative Density of Solid Pitch andAsphalt (Displacement Method)D2829 Practice for Sampling and Analysis of ExistingBuilt-Up Roof Systems3. Summ
6、ary of Test Method3.1 The proportions of bitumen and aggregate in a mixtureare determined from their relative densities and the relativedensity of their mixture.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method offers a convenient alternative tosolvent extraction for the approximate determination of top-c
7、oating bitumen and adhered aggregate in roofing samples,particularly when the bitumen is coal tar pitch.5. Apparatus5.1 Beaker, 500-mL minimum capacity, without a pourspout.35.2 Glass Cover Plate, 127 by 127 by 3 mm 5 by 5 by 0.12in.5.3 Balance, 1000 6 0.1-g capacity.6. Materials6.1 Isopropyl Alcoho
8、l, (CH3)2CHOH, commercial grade.6.2 Paper Cups, paraffin-coated, 61 mm 2.4 in. in diam-eter by 76 in. 3 mm high, 150-mL 5-oz capacity.7. Sampling7.1 Obtain samples in the field in accordance with PracticeD2829.8. Procedure8.1 Cut a 100-mm 558-in. square specimen from theroofing sample and collect an
9、y associated loose, bitumen-freeaggregate in a tared paper cup.8.2 Add additional loose, bitumen-free aggregate to the cupfrom the remaining sample, if necessary, to obtain a 100 to200-g specimen of the aggregate. Weigh the aggregate to thenearest 0.1 g and record as Ma.8.3 Place the roofing specime
10、n on aluminum foil or releasepaper and carefully remove the adhered aggregate and topcoating with a hot knife or scraper without damaging the topfelt.NOTE 1This will usually leave 200 to 400 g/m24 to 8 lb/100 ft2ofbitumen on the surface of the roofing felt.8.4 Collect the adhered aggregate and top c
11、oating removedin 8.3 in a tared paper cup and add any associated loose,bitumen-coated aggregate. Weigh to the nearest 0.1 g andrecord as Mm.8.5 Overfill the clean 500-mL beaker with isopropyl alcoholand carefully slide the glass cover plate over the top so as to1This test method is under the jurisdi
12、ction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.20 onRoofing Membrane Systems.Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originallyapproved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4074 91 (2004).DOI: 10.1520/D407
13、4_D4074M-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The sole source of supply of the beaker, Kimble
14、Chase, part #14020600Kimax 600 mL without spout, known to the committee at this time is FisherScientific, 1022 Spruce St., P.O. Box 1502, Vineland, NJ 083621502. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive
15、careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.exclude air. Blot the excess alcohol from the exterior of thebeaker. Weigh the assembly to
16、 the nearest 0.1 g and record asT.8.6 Remove the glass cover plate and place the aggregatespecimen from 8.2 in the beaker. Again, overfill the beakerwith alcohol, and carefully replace the cover plate. Blot theexcess alcohol from the exterior of the beaker. Weigh theassembly to the nearest 0.1 g and
17、 record as Wa.8.7 Discard the contents of the beaker and rinse withalcohol. Place the adhered aggregate and top coating specimenfrom 8.4 in the beaker. Overfill with alcohol, replace the coverplate, and blot the exterior as before. Weigh the assembly to thenearest 0.1 g and record as Wm.8.8 Recover
18、a 10 to 20-g specimen of the top coatingbitumen from the remaining roofing sample. Prepare cast cubesand weigh them suspended in air and suspended in isopropylalcohol in accordance with Sections 8 and 9 of Test MethodD71, using alcohol in place of water. Record the weight in airas a, and the weight
19、in alcohol as b.NOTE 2If a clean aggregate or bitumen sample cannot be obtained,use relative densities of 3.36 for gravel, 3.18 for slag, 1.30 for asphalt, and1.65 for coal-tar pitch.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the relative density of the aggregate (Sa)asfollows:Sa5 Ma/T 1 Ma2 Wa! (1)where:Ma= weigh
20、t of the aggregate in air, g,T = weight of the covered beaker filled with alcohol, g,andWa= weight of the covered beaker containing the aggre-gate and filled with alcohol, g.9.2 Calculate the relative density of the aggregate-bitumenmixture (Sm) as follows:Sm5 Mm/T 1 Mm2 Wm! (2)where:Mm= weight of t
21、he mixture in air, g,T = weight of the covered beaker filled with alcohol, g,andWm= weight of the covered beaker containing the mixtureand filled with alcohol, g.9.3 Calculate the relative density of the bitumen (Sb)asfollows:Sb5 a/a 2 b! (3)where:a = weight of the bitumen cube in air, g, andb = wei
22、ght of the bitumen cube in alcohol, g.9.4 Calculate the bitumen fraction of the mixture (p)asfollows:p 5 SbSa2 Sm!/SmSa2 Sb! (4)9.5 Calculate the approximate mass of top coating bitumen(B) as follows:B 5 pMm(5)9.6 Calculate the mass of adhered aggregate (A) as follows:A 5 Mm2 B (6)10. Report10.1 Rep
23、ort the approximate mass per unit area of bitumen.If the 100 by 100-mm specimen was used, multiply B by 100to get g/m2. If the 558 by 558-in. specimen was used, Bexpressed in grams is numerically equivalent to lb/100 ft2.10.2 Report the approximate mass per unit area of aggre-gate. If the 100 by 100
24、-mm specimen was used, multiply A by100 to get g/m2. If the 558 by 558-in. specimen was used, Aexpressed in grams is numerically equivalent to lb/100 ft2.10.3 Report the type of bitumen and aggregate if known.11. Precision and Bias11.1 The precision of this test method indicates the probableerror of
25、 a single determination is 61.4 % of the true value.Duplicate samples should not differ by more than 2 % betweenlaboratories.11.2 There are no known biases in this test method.12. Keywords12.1 aggregate; asphalt; bitumen; built-up roofing; coal-tarpitchASTM International takes no position respecting
26、 the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standar
27、d is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International
28、 Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.Thi
29、s standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D4074/D4074M 112
