1、Designation: D 4074 91 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Test Method forBitumen and Aggregate Content of Bitumen-AggregateMixtures From Roofing Samples1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4074; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bitu-men content of adhered aggrega
3、te surfacing on a roof, and theapproximate mass per unit area of the flood coat and adheredaggregate.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any
4、, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility and regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 71 Test Method for Relative Density of Solid Pit
5、ch andAsphalt (Displacement Method)D 2829 Practice for Sampling and Analysis of Built-UpRoofs3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The proportions of bitumen and aggregate in a mixtureare determined from their relative densities and the relativedensity of their mixture.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test me
6、thod offers a convenient alternative tosolvent extraction for the approximate determination of top-coating bitumen and adhered aggregate in roofing samples,particularly when the bitumen is coal tar pitch.5. Apparatus5.1 Beaker, 500-mL capacity, without a pour spout.35.2 Glass Cover Plate, 127 by 127
7、 by 3 mm (5 by 5 by 0.12in.).5.3 Balance, 1000 6 0.1-g capacity.6. Materials6.1 Isopropyl Alcohol, (CH3)2CHOH, commercial grade.6.2 Paper Cups, paraffin-coated, 61 mm (2.4 in.) in diam-eter by 76 in. (3 mm) high, 150-mL (5-oz) capacity.7. Sampling7.1 Obtain samples in the field in accordance with Pr
8、acticeD 2829.8. Procedure8.1 Cut a 100-mm (558-in.) square specimen from theroofing sample and collect any associated loose, bitumen-freeaggregate in a tared paper cup.8.2 Add additional loose, bitumen-free aggregate to the cupfrom the remaining sample, if necessary, to obtain a 100 to200-g specimen
9、 of the aggregate. Weigh the aggregate to thenearest 0.1 g and record as Ma.8.3 Place the roofing specimen on aluminum foil or releasepaper and carefully remove the adhered aggregate and topcoating with a hot knife or scraper without damaging the topfelt.NOTE 1This will usually leave 200 to 400 g/m2
10、(4 to 8 lb/100 ft2)ofbitumen on the surface of the roofing felt.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.20 on RoofMembrane Systems.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published September 20
11、04. Originallyapproved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as D 4074 91 (1996)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document
12、Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Catalog No. 1040 500-mL beaker, available from Corning Glass Works,Houghton Park, Corning, NY 14830, may be used if the glass nub extending abovethe lip of the beaker is removed with emery cloth. If you are aware of alternativesuppliers, please provide this informati
13、on to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1which you may attend.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.8.4 Collect the adhered a
14、ggregate and top coating removedin 8.3 in a tared paper cup and add any associated loose,bitumen-coated aggregate. Weigh to the nearest 0.1 g andrecord as Mm.8.5 Overfill the clean 500-mL beaker with isopropyl alcoholand carefully slide the glass cover plate over the top so as toexclude air. Blot th
15、e excess alcohol from the exterior of thebeaker. Weigh the assembly to the nearest 0.1 g and record asT.8.6 Remove the glass cover plate and place the aggregatespecimen from 8.2 in the beaker. Again, overfill the beakerwith alcohol, and carefully replace the cover plate. Blot theexcess alcohol from
16、the exterior of the beaker. Weigh theassembly to the nearest 0.1 g and record as Wa.8.7 Discard the contents of the beaker and rinse withalcohol. Place the adhered aggregate and top coating specimenfrom 8.4 in the beaker. Overfill with alcohol, replace the coverplate, and blot the exterior as before
17、. Weigh the assembly to thenearest 0.1 g and record as Wm.8.8 Recover a 10 to 20-g specimen of the top coatingbitumen from the remaining roofing sample. Prepare cast cubesand weigh them suspended in air and suspended in isopropylalcohol in accordance with Sections 8 and 9 of Test MethodD 71, using a
18、lcohol in place of water. Record the weight in airas a, and the weight in alcohol as b.NOTE 2If a clean aggregate or bitumen sample cannot be obtained,use relative densities of 3.36 for gravel, 3.18 for slag, 1.30 for asphalt, and1.65 for coal-tar pitch.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the relative densi
19、ty of the aggregate (Sa)asfollows:Sa5 Ma/T 1 Ma2 Wa! (1)where:Ma= weight of the aggregate in air, g,T = weight of the covered beaker filled with alcohol, g,andWa= weight of the covered beaker containing the aggre-gate and filled with alcohol, g.9.2 Calculate the relative density of the aggregate-bit
20、umenmixture (Sm) as follows:Sm5 Mm/T 1 Mm2 Wm! (2)where:Mm= weight of the mixture in air, g,T = weight of the covered beaker filled with alcohol, g,andWm= weight of the covered beaker containing the mixtureand filled with alcohol, g.9.3 Calculate the relative density of the bitumen (Sb)asfollows:Sb5
21、 a/a 2 b! (3)where:a = weight of the bitumen cube in air, g, andb = weight of the bitumen cube in alcohol, g.9.4 Calculate the bitumen fraction of the mixture (p)asfollows:p 5 SbSa2 Sm!/SmSa2 Sb! (4)9.5 Calculate the approximate mass of top coating bitumen(B) as follows:B 5 pMm(5)9.6 Calculate the m
22、ass of adhered aggregate (A) as follows:A 5 Mm2 B (6)10. Report10.1 Report the approximate mass per unit area of bitumen.If the 100 by 100-mm specimen was used, multiply B by 100to get g/m2. If the 558 by 558-in. specimen was used, Bexpressed in grams is numerically equivalent to lb/100 ft2.10.2 Rep
23、ort the approximate mass per unit area of aggre-gate. If the 100 by 100-mm specimen was used, multiply A by100 to get g/m2. If the 558 by 558-in. specimen was used, Aexpressed in grams is numerically equivalent to lb/100 ft2.10.3 Report the type of bitumen and aggregate if known.11. Precision and Bi
24、as11.1 The precision of this test method indicates the probableerror of a single determination is 61.4 % of the true value.Duplicate samples should not differ by more than 2 % betweenlaboratories.11.2 There are no known biases in this test method.12. Keywords12.1 aggregate; asphalt; bitumen; built-u
25、p roofing; coal-tarpitchASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringe
26、ment of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard o
27、r for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views k
28、nown to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 4074 91 (2004)2
