1、Designation: D4101 14Standard Specification forPolypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4101; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThis specification is not intended for the select
3、ion of materials but only as a means to call out plasticmaterials to be used for the manufacture of parts. The selection of these materials is to be made bypersonnel with expertise in the plastics field where the environment, inherent properties of thematerials, performance of the part, part design,
4、 manufacturing process, and economics are considered.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers polypropylene materials suit-able for injection molding and extrusion. Polymers consist ofhomopolymer, copolymers, and elastomer compounded with orwithout the addition of impact modifiers (ethylene-propylener
5、ubber, polyisobutylene rubber, and butyl rubber), colorants,stabilizers, lubricants, or reinforcements.1.2 This specification allows for the use of those polypro-pylene materials that can be recycled, reconstituted, andreground, provided that: (1) the requirements as stated in thisspecification are
6、met, and (2) the material has not beenmodified in any way to alter its conformance to food contactregulations or similar requirements. The proportions ofrecycled, reconstituted, and reground material used, as well asthe nature and the amount of any contaminant, cannot bepractically covered in this s
7、pecification. It is the responsibilityof the supplier and the buyer of recycled, reconstituted, andreground materials to ensure compliance. (See Guide D7209.)1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.NOTE 1The properties included in this specification are those requiredto i
8、dentify the compositions covered. There may be other requirementsnecessary to identify particular characteristics important to specificapplications. These will be designated by using the suffixes given inSection 1.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Sect
9、ion 13, of this specification:Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior
10、 to use.NOTE 2There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusD149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDiel
11、ectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materialsat Commercial Power FrequenciesD150 Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit-tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical InsulationD256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod PendulumImpact Resistance of PlasticsD257 Test Methods
12、for DC Resistance or Conductance ofInsulating MaterialsD495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry ArcResistance of Solid Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn2013)3D523 Test Method for Specular GlossD543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics toChemical ReagentsD570 Test Method for
13、Water Absorption of PlasticsD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD635 Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on ThermoplasticMaterials.Curren
14、t edition approved March 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D4101 - 11. DOI:10.1520/D4101-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
15、ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
16、PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Time of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal PositionD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of PlasticsUnder Flexural Load in the Edgewise PositionD695 Test Method for Compressive Prop
17、erties of RigidPlasticsD696 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expan-sion of Plastics Between 30C and 30C with a VitreousSilica DilatometerD732 Test Method for Shear Strength of Plastics by PunchToolD746 Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plasticsand Elastomers by ImpactD785 Test
18、Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics andElectrical Insulating MaterialsD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-alsD792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD883 Termi
19、nology Relating to PlasticsD1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplasticsby Extrusion PlastometerD1435 Practice for Outdoor Weathering of PlasticsD1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD1525 Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature ofPlasticsD1531 Test
20、 Methods for Relative Permittivity (DielectricConstant) and Dissipation Factor by Fluid DisplacementProcedures (Withdrawn 2012)3D1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD1822 Test Method for Tensile-Impact Energy to BreakPlastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD2117 Test Metho
21、ds for Carbon BlackSurface Area byNitrogen Adsorption (Withdrawn 1999)3D2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-nessD2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics In-tended for Outdoor ApplicationsD2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured ReinforcedResinsD2863 Test Method for Measur
22、ing the Minimum OxygenConcentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion ofPlastics (Oxygen Index)D2990 Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and FlexuralCreep and Creep-Rupture of PlasticsD3012 Test Method for Thermal-Oxidative Stability ofPolypropylene Using a Specimen Rotator Within an OvenD3418 Te
23、st Method for Transition Temperatures and En-thalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers byDifferential Scanning CalorimetryD3641 Practice for Injection Molding Test Specimens ofThermoplastic Molding and Extrusion MaterialsD3763 Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties ofPlastics Using
24、Load and Displacement SensorsD3801 Test Method for Measuring the Comparative BurningCharacteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical PositionD3835 Test Method for Determination of Properties ofPolymeric Materials by Means of a Capillary RheometerD3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD4000 C
25、lassification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-alsD4329 Practice for Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Ap-paratus Exposure of PlasticsD4364 Practice for Performing Outdoor Accelerated Weath-ering Tests of Plastics Using Concentrated SunlightD4805 Terminology for Plastics Standards (Withdrawn2002
26、)3D4812 Test Method for Unnotched Cantilever Beam ImpactResistance of PlasticsD5279 Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Prop-erties: In TorsionD5420 Test Method for Impact Resistance of Flat, RigidPlastic Specimen by Means of a Striker Impacted by aFalling Weight (Gardner Impact)D5630 Test
27、Method for Ash Content in PlasticsD5740 Guide for Writing Material Standards in the Classi-fication FormatD5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of SolidPlastics SpecimensD6110 Test Method for Determining the Charpy ImpactResistance of Notched Specimens of PlasticsD6290 Test Method for Color Det
28、ermination of PlasticPelletsD7209 Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, andUse of Recycled Polymeric Materials and ProductsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and WhitenessIndices from Inst
29、rumentally Measured Color CoordinatesE831 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of SolidMaterials by Thermomechanical Analysis2.2 Military Standard:MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedure and Tables for Inspec-tion by Attributes42.3 DOT Standard:MVSS-302 Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 302Flammabili
30、ty of Interior Materials52.4 UL Standard:UL 94 Standard for Tests for Flammability of Plastic Mate-rials for Parts in Devices and Appliances62.5 SAE Standards:7SAE J1545 Instrumental Color Difference Measurement forExterior Finishes, Textiles and Color Trim4Available from Standardization Documents O
31、rder Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.5Available from U.S. Dept. of Transportation, National Highway Traffic SafetyAdministration, Office of Public Affairs and Consumer Participation, 400 7th St.,SW, Washington, DC 20590.6Available from Underwriters Laboratories
32、(UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd.,Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.7Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.D4101 142SAE J1767 Instrumental Color Difference Measurement forColorfastness of Automotive Interior Trim MaterialsSAE J1
33、885 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive InteriorMaterials Using Controlled Irradiance Water CooledXenon-Arc ApparatusSAE J1960 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive ExteriorMaterials Using Controlled Irradiance Water CooledXenon-Arc ApparatusSAE J1976 Outdoor Weathering of Exterior Materials3. Terminolo
34、gy3.1 Definitions See Terminologies D883 and D4805 fordefinitions of terms related to this specification.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 back pressure, nthe constant pressure that is appliedto the end of the screw while the screw is rotating andretracting to prepare for the
35、next injection.3.2.2 brittle failure, none where the specimen test area isbroken into two or more pieces, with sharp edges and showsalmost no plastic flow.3.2.3 cooling time, nthe time in which the material is inthe closed mold with no pressure applied.3.2.4 cycle time, nthe time required to complet
36、e a fullinjection molding cycle, including injection time, cooling time,and mold open time.3.2.5 ductile brittle transition temperature, nthe tempera-ture at which a 80% of the specimens exhibit ductile failure3.2.6 ductile failure, none where the specimen deformsplastically before fracturing. One w
37、here the puncture of the testplaque does not have cracks radiating more than 10 mmbeyond the center of the impact point.3.2.7 injection pressure, nthe constant pressure that isapplied to the end of the screw causing the melted material tofill the mold. The injection pressure along with the injection
38、speed determines the volumetric fill rate of the mold.3.2.8 injection speed, nthe forward velocity of the screwduring the injection step.3.2.8.1 DiscussionInjection speed is a set position on theinjection molding machine ranging from slow to fast. Theinjection speed along with the injection pressure
39、 determines thevolumetric fill rate of the mold.3.2.9 injection time, nthe time in which a constant speci-fied pressure is applied to the melted material.3.2.10 melt temperature, nthe temperature of the materialas it is being injected into the mold, measured by a pyrometer.3.2.11 mold open time, nth
40、e time beginning when themold is opened and ending when the mold is closed.3.2.12 mold temperature, nthe temperature of the moldduring the molding cycle, measured in all mold cavities and onboth platens.3.2.13 polypropylene (PP)a propylene plastic prepared bythe polymerization of propylene or propyl
41、ene with other alphaolefins. (See also PP-B, PP-H, and PP-R.)3.2.14 polypropylene heterophasic copolymers (PP-B,PP+EPR, or PP+EPDM)a propylene plastic consisting oftwo or more separate phases. The phases consist of a polypro-pylene homopolymer (PP-H) or a polypropylene randomcopolymer (PP-R) matrix
42、containing a dispersed olefinic elas-tomer having no other functional group, added in situ orphysically blended into the polypropylene matrix.3.2.15 polypropylene homopolymer (PP-H)a propyleneplastic prepared by the polymerization of propylene only.3.2.16 polypropylene random copolymer (PP-R)a propy
43、l-ene plastic containing another olefinic monomer (or mono-mers) having no functional group other than the olefinic groupcopolymerized with propylene. Polypropylene random copoly-mers containing more than one additional monomer are oftencalled “terpolymers.”4. Classification4.1 Unreinforced polyprop
44、ylene materials are classified intogroups according to basic composition. These groups aresubdivided into classes and grades, as shown in Table PP.NOTE 3An example of this classification system is as follows. Thedesignation PP0113 would indicate: PP = polypropylene, as found inTerminology D1600, 01
45、(group) = homopolymer, 1 (class) = generalpurpose, and 3 (grade) = with requirements given in Table PP.4.1.1 To facilitate the incorporation of future or specialmaterials not covered by Table PP, the “other/unspecified”category for group (00), class (0), and grade (0) is shown on thetable with the b
46、asic properties to be obtained from Table A,Table B, Table C, Table G, Table H, and Table T, as they apply(see 4.3).4.2 Reinforced versions of the polypropylene materials areclassified in accordance with Table PP, TableA, Table C, TableG, and Table T. Table PP, Table B, and Table H specify theproper
47、ties of the unreinforced material, and Tables A, C, G, orT specify the properties after the addition of reinforcements,pigments, fillers, or lubricants, at the nominal level indicated(see 4.2.1)4.2.1 Reinforcements and Additive MaterialsA symbol(single letter) will be used for the major reinforcemen
48、t orcombinations thereof, along with two numbers that indicate thepercentage of addition by mass, with the tolerances as tabu-lated as follows:Symbol Material ToleranceG Glass reinforced15 % 3 percentage pointsL Lubricant (that is, graphite,silicone, and stearates)to be specifiedM Mineral-reinforced
49、15 % 3 percentage pointsR Reinforced-combinations/mixtures of reinforcementsor other fillers/reinforcements3 percentage points based onthe total reinforcementNOTE 4This part of the system uses the type and percentage ofadditive to designate the modification of the base material. To facilitatethis designation, the type and percentage of additive can be shown on thesuppliers Technical Data Sheet, unless it is proprietary in nature. Ifnecessary, additional requirements shall be indicated by the use of thesuffix part of the system as given in
