1、Designation: D4101 17Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification forPolypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4101; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThis classifi
3、cation system is not intended for the selection of materials but only as a means to callout plastic materials to be used for the manufacture of parts. The selection and specification of thesematerials is to be made by personnel with expertise in the plastics field where other factors includingthe us
4、e environment, inherent properties of the materials, performance of the part, part design,manufacturing process, and economics are considered.1. Scope*1.1 This classification system covers polypropylene materi-als suitable for injection molding and extrusion. Polymersconsist of homopolymer, copolyme
5、rs, and elastomer com-pounded with or without the addition of impact modifiers, forexample, ethylene-propylene rubber, polyisobutylene rubber,and butyl rubber, colorants, stabilizers, lubricants, or reinforce-ments.1.2 This classification system allows for the use of thosepolypropylene materials tha
6、t can be recycled, reconstituted,and reground, provided that: (1) the requirements as stated inthis classification system are met, and (2) the material has notbeen modified in any way to alter its conformance to foodcontact regulations or similar requirements. The proportions ofrecycled, reconstitut
7、ed, and reground material used, as well asthe nature and the amount of any contaminant, cannot bepractically covered in this classification system. It is theresponsibility of the supplier and the buyer of recycled,reconstituted, and reground materials to ensure compliance.(See Guide D7209.)1.3 The v
8、alues stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.NOTE 1The properties included in this classification system are thoserequired to identify the compositions covered. If other requirements arenecessary to identify particular characteris
9、tics important to specificapplications, these shall be designated by using the suffixes given inSection 1.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 13, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, a
10、ssociated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, andenvironmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 2This classification system and ISO 19069-1 and -2 address thesame subject matte
11、r, but differ in technical content.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trad
12、e Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusD149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric
13、 Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materialsat Commercial Power FrequenciesD150 Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit-tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical InsulationD256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod PendulumImpact Resistance of PlasticsD257 Test Methods for DC
14、 Resistance or Conductance ofInsulating Materials1This classification system is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on ThermoplasticMaterials.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published January 2018. Originallyapproved i
15、n 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D4101 - 142. DOI:10.1520/D4101-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary p
16、age onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles
17、on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry ArcResistance of Solid Electr
18、ical InsulationD523 Test Method for Specular GlossD543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics toChemical ReagentsD570 Test Method for Water Absorption of PlasticsD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD648 Test Method for De
19、flection Temperature of PlasticsUnder Flexural Load in the Edgewise PositionD695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of RigidPlasticsD696 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expan-sion of Plastics Between 30C and 30C with a VitreousSilica DilatometerD732 Test Method for Shear Strength o
20、f Plastics by PunchToolD746 Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plasticsand Elastomers by ImpactD785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics andElectrical Insulating MaterialsD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Mater
21、i-alsD792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplasticsby Extrusion PlastometerD1435 Practice for Outdoor Weathering of PlasticsD1505 Test Method for Density of
22、 Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD1525 Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature ofPlasticsD1531 Test Methods for Relative Permittivity (DielectricConstant) and Dissipation Factor by Fluid DisplacementProcedures (Withdrawn 2012)3D1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-tic
23、sD1822 Test Method for Tensile-Impact Energy to BreakPlastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD2117 Test Methods for Carbon BlackSurface Area byNitrogen Adsorption (Withdrawn 1999)3D2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-nessD2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics In-tended
24、for Outdoor ApplicationsD2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured ReinforcedResinsD2990 Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and FlexuralCreep and Creep-Rupture of PlasticsD3012 Test Method for Thermal-Oxidative Stability ofPolypropylene Using a Specimen Rotator Within an OvenD3418 Test Method
25、for Transition Temperatures and En-thalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers byDifferential Scanning CalorimetryD3641 Practice for Injection Molding Test Specimens ofThermoplastic Molding and Extrusion MaterialsD3763 Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties ofPlastics Using Load and D
26、isplacement SensorsD3835 Test Method for Determination of Properties ofPolymeric Materials by Means of a Capillary RheometerD3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-alsD4329 Practice for Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Ap-paratus Exp
27、osure of PlasticsD4364 Practice for Performing Outdoor Accelerated Weath-ering Tests of Plastics Using Concentrated SunlightD4805 Terminology for Plastics Standards (Withdrawn2002)3D4812 Test Method for Unnotched Cantilever Beam ImpactResistance of PlasticsD5279 Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mec
28、hanical Prop-erties: In TorsionD5420 Test Method for Impact Resistance of Flat, RigidPlastic Specimen by Means of a Striker Impacted by aFalling Weight (Gardner Impact)D5630 Test Method for Ash Content in PlasticsD5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of SolidPlastics SpecimensD6110 Test Method
29、for Determining the Charpy ImpactResistance of Notched Specimens of PlasticsD6290 Test Method for Color Determination of PlasticPelletsD7209 Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, andUse of Recycled Polymeric Materials and Products (With-drawn 2015)3E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits i
30、n Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and WhitenessIndices from Instrumentally Measured Color CoordinatesE831 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of SolidMaterials by Thermomechanical Analysis2.2 Military Standard:MIL-STD-105 Sampling Pr
31、ocedure and Tables for Inspec-tion by Attributes42.3 SAE Standards:5SAE J1545 Instrumental Color Difference Measurement forExterior Finishes, Textiles and Color TrimSAE J1767 Instrumental Color Difference Measurement forColorfastness of Automotive Interior Trim MaterialsSAE J2412 Accelerated Exposur
32、e of Automotive InteriorTrim Components Using a Controlled Irradiance Xenon-Arc ApparatusSAE J2527 Performance Based Standard for AcceleratedExposure of Automotive Exterior Materials Using a Con-trolled Irradiance Xenon-Arc ApparatusSAE J1976 Outdoor Weathering of Exterior Materials3The last approve
33、d version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.5Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sa
34、e.org.D4101 1722.4 ISO Standards:ISO 19069-1 PlasticsPolypropylene (PP) moulding andextrusion materialsPart 1: Designation system and basisfor specificationsISO 19069-2 PlasticsPolypropylene (PP) moulding andextrusion materialsPart 2: Preparation of test specimensand determination of properties3. Te
35、rminology3.1 Definitions See Terminologies D883 and D4805 fordefinitions of terms related to this specification.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 back pressure, nthe constant pressure that is appliedto the end of the screw while the screw is rotating andretracting to prepare f
36、or the next injection.3.2.2 brittle failure, none where the specimen test area isbroken into two or more pieces, with sharp edges and showsalmost no plastic flow.3.2.3 cooling time, nthe time in which the material is inthe closed mold with no pressure applied.3.2.4 cycle time, nthe time required to
37、complete a fullinjection molding cycle, including injection time, cooling time,and mold open time.3.2.5 ductile brittle transition temperature, nthe tempera-ture at which a 80% of the specimens exhibit ductile failure3.2.6 ductile failure, none where the specimen deformsplastically before fracturing
38、 or one where the puncture of a testplaque does not have cracks radiating more than 10 mmbeyond the center of the impact point.3.2.7 injection pressure, nthe constant pressure that isapplied to the end of the screw causing the melted material tofill the mold.3.2.7.1 DiscussionThe injection pressure
39、along with theinjection speed determines the volumetric fill rate of the mold.3.2.8 injection speed, nthe forward velocity of the screwduring the injection step.3.2.8.1 DiscussionInjection speed is a set position on theinjection molding machine ranging from slow to fast. Theinjection speed along wit
40、h the injection pressure determines thevolumetric fill rate of the mold.3.2.9 injection time, nthe time in which a constant speci-fied pressure is applied to the melted material.3.2.10 melt temperature, nthe temperature of the materialas it is being injected into the mold, measured by a pyrometer,or
41、 equivalent.3.2.11 mold open time, nthe time beginning when themold is opened and ending when the mold is closed.3.2.12 mold temperature, nthe temperature of the moldduring the molding cycle, measured in all mold cavities and onboth platens, measured by a pyrometer, or equivalent.3.2.13 polypropylen
42、e (PP)a propylene plastic prepared bythe polymerization of propylene or propylene with other alphaolefins. (See also PP-B, PP-H, and PP-R.)3.2.14 polypropylene heterophasic copolymers (PP-B,PP+EPR, or PP+EPDM)a propylene plastic consisting oftwo or more separate phases.3.2.14.1 DiscussionThe phases
43、consist of a polypropylenehomopolymer (PP-H) or a polypropylene random copolymer(PP-R) matrix containing a dispersed olefinic elastomer havingno other functional group, added in situ or physically blendedinto the polypropylene matrix.3.2.15 polypropylene homopolymer (PP-H)a propyleneplastic prepared
44、 by the polymerization of propylene only.3.2.16 polypropylene random copolymer (PP-R)a propyl-ene plastic containing another olefinic monomer (or mono-mers) having no functional group other than the olefinic groupcopolymerized with propylene.3.2.16.1 DiscussionPolypropylene random copolymerscontaini
45、ng more than one additional monomer are often called“terpolymers.”4. Classification4.1 Unreinforced polypropylene materials are classified intogroups according to basic composition. These groups aresubdivided into classes and grades, as shown in Table PP.NOTE 3An example of this classification syste
46、m is as follows. Thedesignation PP0113 would indicate: PP = polypropylene, as found inTerminology D1600, 01 (group) = homopolymer, 1 (class) = generalpurpose, and 3 (grade) = with requirements given in Table PP.4.1.1 To facilitate the incorporation of future or specialmaterials not covered by Table
47、PP, the “other/unspecified”category for group (00), class (0), and grade (0) is shown on thetable with the basic properties to be obtained from Table A,Table B, Table C, Table G, Table H, and Table T, as they apply(see 4.3).4.2 Reinforced versions of the polypropylene materials areclassified in acco
48、rdance with Table PP, TableA, Table C, TableG, and Table T. Table PP, Table B, and Table H specify theproperties of the unreinforced material, and Tables A, C, G, orT specify the properties after the addition of reinforcements,pigments, fillers, or lubricants, at the nominal level indicated(see 4.2.
49、1)4.2.1 Reinforcements and Additive MaterialsA symbol(single letter) will be used for the major reinforcement orcombinations thereof, along with two numbers that indicate thepercentage of addition by mass, with the tolerances as tabu-lated as follows:Symbol Material ToleranceG Glass reinforced15 % 3 percentage pointsL Lubricant (that is, graphite,silicone, and stearates)to be specifiedM Mineral-reinforced15 % 3 percentage pointsR Reinforced-combinations/mixtures of reinforcementsor other fillers/reinforcements3 percentage points based onthe tot
