1、Designation: D4143 89 (Reapproved 2009)D4143 16Standard Guide forTesting Latex Vehicles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4143; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers methods suitable for testing latex vehicles. Certain of these methods were developed expressly for testinglatex vehicles (Ta
3、ble 1). Others were developed for testing or analyzing formulated water- or solvent-based coatings but would beequally applicable for testing lattices.latices.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standa
4、rd does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM
5、Standards:2D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring Krebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type ViscometerD1417 Test Methods for Rubber LaticesSyntheticD1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related ProductsD2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newt
6、onian Materials by Rotational ViscometerD2354 Test Method for Minimum Film Formation Temperature (MFFT) of Emulsion VehiclesD2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsD3168 Practice for Qualitative Identification of Polymers in Emulsion PaintsD3792 Test Method for Water Content of Coatings by
7、 Direct Injection Into a Gas ChromatographD3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related Pigmented CoatingsD4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials by Karl Fischer MethodD4758 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Latexes (Withdrawn 2007)3E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous So
8、lutions With the Glass Electrode3. Latex Sampling Methods3.1 Practice D3925 describes sampling procedures for formulated (pigmented) coatings that are equally applicable to latexvehicles.4. Nonvolatile Content4.1 Test Method D2369 has been found suitable for the determination of the volatile content
9、 of many latex vehicles. Nonvolatilecontent is obtained by subtracting the results from 100.NOTE 1Determinations of the volatile content using a shorter bake time than the 60 min recommended in Test Method D2369 should be noted inthe report of the results.4.2 The nonvolatile content of latexes may a
10、lso be determined for quality control purposes with Test Method D4758 whichspecifies baking at 180C for 20 min, conditions selected to allow completion of testing in 1 h or less. For latex vehicles used in1 This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Mate
11、rials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD01.33 on Polymers and Resins.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009Feb. 1, 2016. Published December 2009February 2016. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20012009as D4143 89 (2001).(2009). DOI: 10.1520
12、/D414389R09.10.1520/D414316.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standardsstandards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved vers
13、ion of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all ch
14、anges accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
15、United States1certain air-dry or low temperature bake coatings, as well as for those that contain temperature-sensitive materials, the use of themilder test conditions of Test Method D2369 (see 4.1) will more accurately reflect the effective nonvolatile content.4.2.1 Test Method D4758 is not intende
16、d to be employed for determining the volatile organic content (VOC) of formulatedcoatings.5. Minimum Film Formation Temperature (MFT)5.1 The MFT is the lowest temperature at which a latex will form a continuous film. Test Method D2354 employs drawdownapplication of the test latex on a substrate over
17、 which a temperature gradient has been established. The lowest temperature at whichthe latex is converted into a clear, continuous film corresponds to the minimum film formation temperature.6. Qualitative Polymer Analysis6.1 Chemical identification of the polymeric material contained in a latex is r
18、eadily determined by a method that was developedfor polymer analysis of formulated latex paints. Practice D3168 employs a sequence of drying and subsequent extraction andsolution procedures that remove volatile and nonvolatile nonpolymeric materials and isolate the polymeric solids of the latex. The
19、major components of the isolated polymeric material are qualitatively identified by infrared absorption or pyrolysis-gaschromatographic techniques, or both.7. Density7.1 The density of a latex is its weight (mass) per unit volume and is usually expressed as weight per gallon or grams permillilitre a
20、t a specified temperature.At constant latex nonvolatile content, the density of various latex materials can vary dependingon the density of the contained polymer solids. Test Method D1475 is a general method for determining the density of fluidformulated coatings and components thereof and is theref
21、ore equally applicable for determination of the density of lattices.latices.8. Viscosity8.1 LatticesLatices are non-Newtonian materials having rheological properties that can be characterized by apparent viscositymeasurements made using rotational-type viscometers. Test Methods D2196 describes techn
22、iques using a Brookfieldrotationalviscometer by which apparent viscosity can be measured and relative shear rate and time dependence of apparent viscosity can beassessed.9. Consistency9.1 Consistency of formulated fluid paints, lacquers, varnishes, and their individual fluid components, including hi
23、gh-viscositylattices,latices, are frequently measured using the Stormer viscometer. Test Method D562 describes operation of the Stormerviscometer for measuring the consistency of such materials either with or without a stroboscopic timer.10. Water Content10.1 Although the major component of the vola
24、tile material in a latex is usually water, other volatile components may bepresent. Test Method D3792 was developed for determining the water content of liquid latex coatings by direct injection into a gaschromatograph. This method is equally suitable for determining water content of lattices.latice
25、s. Test Method D4017 is based onthe Karl Fischer method and is also applicable for determining the water content of lattices.latices.11. pH11.1 The pH of a latex can be measured by the general procedure described for aqueous solutions in Test Method E70.12. Surface Tension12.1 The surface tension of
26、 latex may be determined by the technique given in Test Methods D1417. It is useful as a qualitycontrol/assurance test, and as an indicator of the wetting characteristics.TABLE 1 Methods for Testing Latex VehiclesTest Method Section ASTM DesignationLatex sampling methods 3 D3925Nonvolatile content 3
27、.1 D2369, D4758Minimum film formation temperature(MFT)5 D2354Qualitative polymeric analysis 6 D3168Density 7 D1475Viscosity 8 D2196Consistency 9 D562Water content 10 D3792, D4017pH 11 E70Surface tension 12 D1417D4143 16213. Keywords13.1 latex vehicles; latticeslatices; viscometer; viscosityASTM Inte
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