1、Designation: D 4164 03Standard Test Method forMechanically Tapped Packing Density of Formed Catalystand Catalyst Carriers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4164; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the me-chanically tapped density of formed catalyst and catal
3、ystcarriers. For the purpose of this test method, catalyst particlesare defined as extrudates, spheres, or formed pellets of 0.8 to4.8-mm (132 to316-in.) nominal diameter.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility
4、 of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 3766 Terminology Relating to Catalysts and CatalysisE 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision a
5、nd Bias inASTM Test MethodsE 456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsSee Terminology D 3766.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A preconditioned sample of formed catalyst
6、or catalystcarrier is tapped in a graduated cylinder. The mechanicallytapped packing density is determined from the known mass andtapped volume.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is to be used for measuring themechanically tapped packing density of formed particles thatwill not break up dur
7、ing sampling, filling, or tapping of themeasuring cylinder under test conditions.6. Apparatus6.1 Graduated Cylinder, capacity 250 mL with a basedesigned to accommodate the cylinder holder.6.2 Cylinder Holder, weighing 1 lb (454 g).6.3 Tapping Device, consisting of a base-plate with wormdrive, reduct
8、ion ratio 15:1, cam shaft speed of 250 r/min,tapping stroke travel18 in. (3.2 mm).6.4 Four Digit Adjustable Counter, which can be preset todeliver any number of taps between 1 and 9999.6.5 Desiccator, with a desiccant grade molecular sieve suchas No. 4A.6.6 Balance having a sensitivity of 0.1 g.6.7
9、Drying Oven.7. Procedure7.1 Heat an adequate sample(s) at 400 6 15C for not lessthan 3 h. Normally, this treatment can take place in air.However, in the case of materials that might react with air atelevated temperatures (such as prereduced catalysts) the heattreatment should take place in an inert
10、atmosphere. Afterheating, cool the test sample(s) in a desiccator or other suitablecontainer to eliminate the possibility of moisture adsorptionprior to testing.NOTE 1These conditions may not be appropriate for all materials.NOTE 2Since many catalyst formulations are strong adsorbents, theuse of No.
11、 4A indicating (cobalt-treated) molecular sieves as a desiccatingmedium is suggested. The desiccant should be regenerated at 493 K(220C) to 533 K (260C), as required.7.2 Pour between 240 and 250 mL of the test specimencarefully into the tared graduated cylinder using a funnel. Toensure proper level,
12、 rotate the funnel while pouring the testspecimen. Weigh immediately to the nearest 0.1 g.7.3 Preset the counter to 1000 taps.7.4 Start the tapping device.7.5 When tapping is completed, read the tapped volume, V,to the nearest 1 mL by estimating the average level of thecatalyst surface in the cylind
13、er.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D32 onCatalysts and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D32.02 on Physical-Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published October 2003. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 1999
14、 as D 416499.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor D
15、rive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate mechanically tapped packing density MTD asfollows:MTD 5 W/V (1)where:W = mass of catalyst particles, g, andV = volume occupied by particles in measuring cylinder,mL.9. Precision and Bias39.1 Test ProgramAn
16、 interlaboratory study was conductedin which the named property was measured in two separate testmaterials in three separate laboratories. Practice E 691, modi-fied for non-uniform data sets, was followed for the datareduction.9.2 PrecisionPairs of test results obtained by a proceduresimilar to that
17、 described in the study are expected to differ inabsolute value by less than 2.772 S, where 2.772 S is the 95 %probability interval limit on the difference between two testresults, and S is the appropriate estimate of standard deviation.Definitions and usage are given in Terminology E 456 andPractic
18、e E 177, respectively.Test Result 95 % Repeatability Interval 95 % Reproducibility Interval(consensus mean), (within laboratory), (between laboratories),kg/L kg/L (% of mean) kg/L (% of mean)0.63911.53330.007 (1.02)0.005 (0.47)0.023 (3.54)0.055 (4.73)9.3 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no
19、biasbecause the value of mechanically tapped packing density canbe defined only in terms of a test method.10. Keywords10.1 carriers; catalyst; mechanically tapped; packingdensityASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item men
20、tionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee
21、 and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetin
22、g of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
23、Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D32-1017.D4164032
