1、Designation: D 4180 03 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forVibratory Packing Density of Formed Catalyst Particles andCatalyst Carriers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4180; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the vibra-tory packing density of formed ca
3、talyst and catalyst carriers.For the purpose of this test, catalyst particles are defined asextrudates, spheres, or formed pellets of 0.8 to 4.8-mm (132 to316-in.) nominal diameter.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informatio
4、nonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Refere
5、nced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 3766 Terminology Relating to Catalysts and CatalysisE 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE 456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a
6、Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsSee Terminology D 3766.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A preconditioned sample of formed catalyst or catalystcarrier is vibrated in a cylinder. The vibratory packing densityis determined from a known mass and vibrated volume.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test m
7、ethod is to be used for measuring thevibratory packing density of formed particles that will notbreak up during sampling, filling, or vibrating of the measuringcylinder under test conditions.6. Apparatus6.1 Glass Cylinders, capacity 250 mL, feed and measuring.6.2 Vibrator,3conventional handheld, wit
8、h hard rubber ormetal impactor.6.3 Feed Funnel, plastic, glass, or metal as shown in Fig. 1.6.4 Ring Stand, Vibrator Holder and Clamps as shown inFigs. 2 and 3.6.5 Desiccator, with a desiccant grade molecular sieve suchas a No. 4A.6.6 Balance having sensitivity of 0.1 g.6.7 Drying Oven.1This test me
9、thod is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D32 onCatalysts and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D32.02 on Physical-Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 418003.2For
10、 referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The sole source of supply of the Wahl Vibrator, Model 4180, 4 in
11、 1, 120-V60-Hz 11-W known to the committee at this time is Wahl Clipper Corp., Sterling, IL.If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committe
12、e,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Feed Funnel1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Procedure7.1 Heat an adequate sample(s) at 400 6 15C for not lessthan 3 h. Normally, this treatment can take place in air.However, in the ca
13、se of materials that might react with air atelevated temperatures (such as prereduced catalysts) the heattreatment should take place in an inert atmosphere. Cool afterheating the test sample(s) in a desiccator or other suitablecontainer to eliminate the possibility of moisture adsorptionprior to tes
14、ting.NOTE 1These conditions may not be appropriate for all materials.NOTE 2Since many catalyst formulations are strong adsorbents, theuse of a No. 4A indicating (cobalt-treated) molecular sieve as a desiccat-ing medium is suggested. The desiccant should be regenerated at 220 to260C as required.7.2 F
15、ill a tared feed-glass cylinder with 250 mL of looselypacked, dried catalyst and weigh immediately to the nearest0.1 g.FIG. 2 Assembly of ApparatusFIG. 3 Vibrator HolderD 4180 03 (2008)27.3 Turn on the vibrator and carefully add the sample(s) tothe measuring cylinder through the feed funnel.7.4 Tran
16、sfer all the catalyst to the measuring cylinder at auniform rate not less than 2 mL/s or exceeding 3 mL/s. Theentire transfer time should be between 83 and 125 s.7.5 After an additional 60 s turn off vibrator. Read thevibrated volume, V, to the nearest 1 mL by estimating theaverage level of the cata
17、lyst surface in the cylinder.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the vibratory packing density VPD as follows:VPD 5 W/Vwhere:W = mass of catalyst particles, g, andV = volume occupied by catalyst particles in measuringcylinder, mL.8.2 Vibratory packing densities are typically reported tothree significant fig
18、ures.9. Precision and Bias49.1 Test ProgramAn interlaboratory study was conductedin which the named property was measured in two separate testmaterials in five separate laboratories. Practice E 691, modifiedfor nonuniform data sets, was followed for the data reduction.9.2 PrecisionPairs of test resu
19、lts obtained by a proceduresimilar to that described in the study are expected to differ inabsolute value by less than 2.772 S, where 2.772 S is the 95 %probability interval limit on the difference between two testresults, and S is the appropriate estimate of standard deviation.Definitions and usage
20、 are given in Terminology E 456 andPractice E 177, respectively.Test Result(consensus mean),kg/L95 % RepeatabilityInterval(within laboratory)kg/L (% of mean)95 % ReproducibilityInterval(between laboratories),kg/L (% of mean)0.68021.19980.003 (0.48)0.007 (0.55)0.013 (1.94)0.041 (3.40)9.3 BiasThe proc
21、edure in this test method has no biasbecause the value of the vibratory packing density can bedefined only in terms of a test method.10. Keywords10.1 carriers; catalyst; packing density; vibratoryASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
22、 with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible t
23、echnical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful conside
24、ration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr
25、 Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D32-1018.D 4180 03 (2008)3
