1、Designation: D4199 82 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Methods forAutoclavability of Membrane Filters1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4199; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods deal with tests to determine theautoclavability of membrane filters.1.2 These test methods are applicable to al
3、l membranefilters. Either Test Method A, Test Method B, or both, may beutilized to assess the autoclavability of membrane filters.SectionTest Method ADimensional Stability 8.1Test Method BWetting Characteristics 8.21.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, asso
4、ciated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1193 Specification fo
5、r Reagent Water3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in these testmethods, refer to Terminology D1129.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 Test Method A Autoclavability is evaluated by mea-suring the diameter of the membrane filter, across three axes,prior to autoclaving and after auto
6、claving, to determine dimen-sional stability.4.2 Test Method B Wettability is determined by placingsamples of autoclaved and nonautoclaved membrane filters inwater and measuring the time required for the filters to becomecompletely wet.5. Significance and Use5.1 These test methods provide informatio
7、n on the dimen-sional stability and wetting characteristics of autoclaved mem-brane filters. Excessive dimensional changes caused by auto-claving a constrained membrane filter could crack the filter,rendering it useless. Increased hydrophobicity, due to autoclav-ing would result in an increased time
8、 to filter a liquid sample.6. Apparatus6.1 Calipers, accurate to 0.1 mm.6.2 Holder, suitable for membrane filters.6.3 Autoclave.6.4 Petri Dish.6.5 Forceps, nonserrated.6.6 Stopwatch, accurate to 0.1 s.7. Purity of Reagents7.1 Water used in these test methods should be reagentgrade Type IV B of Speci
9、fication D1193 or higher quality.8. Procedure8.1 Test Method ADimensional Stability:8.1.1 Measure the diameter of nonautoclaved filters, acrossthree axes, with the calipers. Use three disks for each test.8.1.2 Wrap filters in suitable autoclave packaging and auto-clave at 121C for 10 min.8.1.3 Remov
10、e the packaged filter disks from the autoclaveafter the slow exhaust cycle and allow to equilibrate to ambienttemperature.8.1.4 Measure the diameter of the disks as in 8.1.1.8.2 Test Method BWetting Characteristics:8.2.1 Partially fill a petri dish with water containing 1 %methylene blue dye. Allow
11、the water to equilibrate to ambienttemperature.8.2.2 Using nonserrated forceps, place a nonautoclavedmembrane filter disk onto the water surface.8.2.3 Start the stopwatch as soon as the filter is placed ontothe water surface.8.2.4 Record the time for filter to wet uniformly. If there arenonwetting a
12、reas, refer to 8.2.6.8.2.5 Repeat wetting test with membrane filters autoclavedas in 8.1.1, 8.1.2, and 8.1.3.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 onWater and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes andIon Exchange Materials.Current edition ap
13、proved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011. DOI: 10.1520/D4199-82R09(2011).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe AS
14、TM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.8.2.6 Examine the wetted filters for uniformity of wettingand note whether there are any nonwetting areas on the filter.9. Report9.1 Dimensional StabilityReport the average d
15、iameter ofeach of the three nonautoclaved filters, and report all diametersmeasured for each filter after autoclaving.9.2 Wetting CharacteristicsReport the wetting time forthe nonautoclaved filter and the wetting time for the autoclavedfilter. Report on any wetting irregularities or nonwetting areas
16、observed on either the nonautoclaved or autoclaved filters.10. Precision and Bias10.1 No statement is made about either the precision or biasof these test methods for determining autoclaving characteris-tics of membrane filters, since the results merely state whetherthere is conformance to the crite
17、ria for success specified in theprocedure.11. Keywords11.1 autoclavability; filter; membraneASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determinatio
18、n of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdra
19、wn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your c
20、omments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single
21、or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D4199 82 (2011)2
