1、Designation: D 4206 96 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Test Method forSustained Burning of Liquid Mixtures Using the Small ScaleOpen-Cup Apparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4206; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test method may be used in conjunction with a flash point determination. If the fl
3、ash point ofa mixture of flammable and nonflammable liquids or liquids of widely different flash points is belowthe upper limit of a flammability classification (for example, 100F specified by the U.S. Departmentof Transportation), this test may be conducted to determine the sustained burning charac
4、teristics of themixture.This test method is a modification of the test for combustibility now incorporated as Schedule 2 ofthe “Highly Flammable Liquids and Liquified Petroleum Gases Regulation, 1972” of the UnitedKingdom under The FactoriesAct, 1961, which is also issued as British Standard BS-3900
5、, PartA-11,Small Scale Test for Combustibility. This sustained burning test was studied and proposed by theASTM Coordinating Committee for Flash Point and Related Properties. The major purpose of this testis similar to that of the British testto provide a method for determining the sustained burning
6、characteristics by directly observing this property rather than by deducing them from the flash point.1. Scope1.1 This test method2describes a procedure for determiningthe sustained burning characteristics of mixtures of flammableand nonflammable liquids and to mixtures containing liquidswith widely
7、 different flash points.1.2 This standard should be used to measure and describethe response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions and should not be used todescribe or appraise the fire-hazard or fire-risk of materials,products, or assemblies under actual
8、 fire conditions. However,results of the test may be used as elements of a fire-hazardassessment or a fire-risk assessment which takes into accountall of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of thefire hazard or fire risk of a particular end use.1.3 This standard does not purport to addr
9、ess all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 British Standards:3BS-3900, Pa
10、rt A-11, Small Scale Test for Combustibility3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Ablock of aluminum alloy, or other nonrusting metal ofsuitable heat conductivity, with a concave depression (calledthe well) is heated to the required temperature of 120F (49C).A standard source of flame, capable of being swung
11、 over thecenter of the well and at a given distance from it, is attached tothe metal block.3.2 Two millilitres of the product under test are transferredto the well. After the product has reached the stated tempera-ture, the flame is passed over the well, held there for a specifiedtime, and then remo
12、ved. The time of sustained burning is thennoted.4. Significance and Use4.1 Mixtures of flammable liquids and nonflammable liq-uids, such as an alcohol and water mixture, are classified by theU. S. Government by the definition of flammable liquid basedon a closed-cup flash point method. Thus, mixture
13、s may beclassed as flammable even though they do not sustain burning.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.22 on Health and Safety.Current edition approved June 1,
14、 2007. Published August 2007. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 4206 96 (2001).2McKelvie, A. N., “A Test for Ability to Support Combustion for LiquidsIncluding Paints and Allied Products,” Journal of Oil Co. Chemical Assoc., 1972,Vol 55, pp. 10861095.3Available
15、from British Standards Institute, 2 Park St., London, EnglandW1A2BS or ANSI, 11 W. 42nd St. New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.This test method determines the ability of a liquid mixture tosustain burn
16、ing and, when used with a closed-cup flash pointmethod, indicates the flammability characteristics of the mix-ture.5. Apparatus5.1 Small Scale Open-Cup Apparatus,4or an equivalenttester consisting of a 316 stainless steel block or othernonrusting block of suitable heat conductivity, fitted with acon
17、cave depression or well (Note 1). The metal block has athermometer embedded in it. A small gas jet on a swivel isattached to the metal block. The exact dimensions of the metalblock and its well, the gas jet and its positioning, and theembedded thermometer are shown in Fig. 1 and are specified inAnne
18、x A1.NOTE 1While the Small Scale Open-Cup Tester is generally made ofan aluminum alloy, continued use of it for sustained burning tests mayproduce a carbon deposit in the well that may be difficult to removewithout damaging the aluminum well. A stainless steel well may becleaned with crocus cloth.5.
19、1.1 GageA metal strip, capable of checking the heightof the gas jet above the top of the well lip (2.2 6 0.1 mm).5.1.2 Hot Plate, fitted with a temperature-controlling deviceor other means of heating the metal block.5.1.3 Stopwatch, or other suitable timing device.45.2 Thermometer,432 to 230F (5 to
20、110C), traceable tothe National Institute of Standards and Technology.45.3 Graduated Pipet or Hypodermic Syringe,2capable ofdelivering 2 6 0.1 mL.6. Preparation of Sample6.1 Obtain a representative sample of the product under test,mixing it thoroughly, especially if it has a tendency to layer,and ke
21、ep in an airtight container.6.2 Because of the possibility of loss of volatile constitu-ents, the sample should receive only the minimum treatment toassure uniformity. After removing the specimen, immediatelyclose the sample container tightly to en sure that no volatileflammable components escape fr
22、om the container. (Otherwisea new sample may be necessary if further testing is required.)6.3 Do not open containers unnecessarily. Do not maketransfers unless the sample temperature is at 100F (37.8C) orbelow, except for samples that are too viscous to be handled atthat temperature. In these cases,
23、 transfer the samples at thelowest possible temperature at which the sample can beaccurately measured into the cup.6.4 Discard samples in leaky containers.6.5 Do not store samples in plastic (polyethylene, polypro-pylene, etc.) bottles, since volatile material may diffusethrough the walls of the bot
24、tles.7. Correction for Barometric Pressure7.1 When the barometric pressure differs from 760 mm Hg(101.3 kPa), determine the temperature at which the test shouldbe conducted by the following equations:F 5 120F 2 0.06 760 2 P! (1)C 5 49C 2 0.03 760 2 P!F 5 120F 2 0.42 101.3 2 B!C 5 49C 2 0.23 101.3 2
25、B!where:F, C = temperatures to obtain the equivalent of 120F(49C) at standard pressure,P = barometric pressure, mm Hg, andB = barometric pressure, kPa.8. Procedure8.1 Set up the apparatus (see 5.1) in a draft-free area. Placethe metal block on the hot plate fitted with a temperature-controlling devi
26、ce, or heat the metal block by other suitablemeans so that the temperature is maintained within 62F(61C) of the temperature 120F (49C) corrected, if neces-sary, for the difference in pressure from 760 mm Hg (101.3kPa).8.2 After the cup is within 62F (61C) of the correct testtemperature, withdraw fro
27、m the sample container a 2-mLspecimen using the graduated syringe or pipet. Transfer thespecimen to the well of the tester; immediately start the timingdevice.8.3 Light the test flame with the jet in the “off” positionaway from the well. Adjust the size of the flame so that it is4Suitable apparatus
28、is available from Erdco Engineering Corp., 721 CusterAve.,Evanston, IL 60204 or Stanhope-Seta Limited, Park Close, Englefield Egham,Surrey TW20 OXD, England.FIG. 1 Small Scale Open Cup ApparatusD 4206 96 (2007)2spherical and approximately532 in. (4 mm) in diameter bymatching it to the532 in. diamete
29、r circle engraved on thesurface of the tester.8.4 After exactly 1 min (0 to +1 s) at which time the testportion will be deemed to have reached the test temperature asindicated by the thermometer embedded in the metal block,swing the test flame into a position exactly over the well. Holdit in this po
30、sition for exactly 15 s, and then return it to the “off”position.8.5 Observe and time the duration of the burning of thespecimen following the return of the flame to the “off”position.8.6 Repeat the test with a fresh specimen to determine themean time of burning.9. Interpretation of Results9.1 A pro
31、duct is considered to sustain burning if thespecimen (a) ignites when the flame is over the well andburning is sustained for more than 15 s after it is removed, or(b) flashes and burns when the test flame is in the “off” positionprior to swinging it over the well.10. Report10.1 Report the following
32、information:10.1.1 Identification of the material under test,10.1.2 Test temperature and barometric pressure in millime-tres of mercury (kilopascals),10.1.3 If the specimen burns less than 15 s, the actual timeof burning, and10.1.4 Statement of sustained burning characteristics.11. Precision11.1 The
33、 precision of this test method will be determined.12. Keywords12.1 small scale open-cup apparatus; sustained burningANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. DIMENSIONS OF TESTERTABLE A1.1 Dimensions of Tester(a) Metal Block Details Dimensions,mmDiameter of block 61.562.5Height of block 35.038.0Diameter of fl
34、ange 94.595.5Flange thickness 3.0 approx.Height of well “lip” above flange 0.61.0Diameter of well “lip” 41.0 approx.Spherical radius of well 33.033.5Depth of well 6.26.4Distance from top of block to thermometer hole 16.017.0Thermometer hole diameter 7.0 approx.(b) Test Gas Jet DetailsDimensions,mmOu
35、tside diameter of jet 3.04.0Jet end tapered to 1.72.3Bore of jet 0.60.8Length of jet (from center of axis to tip) 36.0036.25Distance of axis from center of wall 38.0038.25Flame gage ring diameter 4.0 6 0.1Height of jet above top of well “lip”A2.2 6 0.1“Swing” of jet (from stop to stop) 90 6 1AAdjust
36、 with suitable gage.D 4206 96 (2007)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the ri
37、skof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of th
38、is standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake
39、 your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 4206 96 (2007)4
