1、Designation: D 4293 83 (Reapproved 2003)An American National StandardStandard Specification forPhosphate Ester Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4293; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the requirements for phosphateester based fire resista
3、nt fluids for use in turbine lubrication.1.2 The specification defines only unused fluid before it isinstalled in the turbine. It is not intended for fluids used inelectrohydraulic control (EHC) systems.1.3 The use of this type of fluid is restricted to turbinesystems that have been designed or modi
4、fied to accommodatephosphate ester lubricants.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only toSections 5 and 5.3. This standard does not purport to addressall of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It isthe responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate
5、safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup Tester2D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products2D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Vis
6、cosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of DynamicViscosity)2D 665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofInhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water2D 892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubri-cating Oils2D 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Co
7、lor-Indicator Titration2D 1744 Test Method for Water in Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Karl Fischer Reagent3D 2619 Test Method for Hydrolytic Stability of HydraulicFluids (Beverage Bottle Method)2D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products42.2 Federal Test Method Standard:7
8、91B, Method 5308 Corrosiveness and Oxidation Stabilityof Light Oils (Metal Strip)52.3 SAE Specification:SAE Aeronautical Material Specification (AMS) 3150CHot Manifold and High Temperature Ignition Flammabil-ity Tests63. Functional Property Requirements3.1 Requirements for ISO viscosity grades 32 an
9、d 46phosphate ester based fire resistant fluids are shown in Table 1.3.2 The choice of viscosity grade for use in a particularturbine should comply with the turbine manufacturers recom-mendation.3.3 The autoignition temperature property for phosphateesters, although important to turbine manufacturer
10、s and to fluidusers, is not listed because there is no published procedure inthe ASTM manual.4. Significance and Use4.1 This is a specification to define the requirements of fireresistant fluids for use in turbine lubrication. This specificationdefines phosphate ester fluids which will give satisfac
11、torylubrication performance in a turbine engine. However, it ispossible that phosphate esters that do not meet this specifica-tion may give adequate performance in the field.4.2 Fire resistant fluids are more difficult to ignite and showlittle tendency to propagate a flame. The term “fire resistantf
12、luid” does not mean that the fluid will not burn.4.3 The normal fluid operating temperature will be in therange of 54 to 65C and will experience a maximum tempera-ture of about 93C during flow across the turbine bearingswhose housing temperature may be as high as 343C.5. Safety Precautions5.1 The fi
13、re tests are used to measure and describe theproperties of the phosphate esters in response to heat and flameunder controlled laboratory conditions and should not beconsidered or used for the description or appraisal of the firehazard of the fluids under actual fire conditions.1This specification is
14、 under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.N0 on Turbine Oils.Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published August 2003. Originallyapproved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 429383 (1998)
15、.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.3Discontinued. See 1999 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-50986Available from Society
16、of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.1.1 Fires that have occurred in operating turbines haveusually been caused by fluid or vapors contacting
17、hot surfaces.For example, fluid that may spill and be absorbed intounprotected thermal insulation can experience an exothermicreaction with resultant, potential rapid temperature increase.The ignition of the absorbed fluid can occur at temperaturesbelow the fluid autoignition temperature. Thus, the
18、highautoignition temperatures of phosphate esters have relevance toturbine lubricant fire hazards. Likewise, the SAE AMS 3150Ctests are relevant to the particular hazards in turbine lubrica-tion.5.2 Conducting tests for fire properties such as Test MethodD 92 SAE AMS 3150C, could result in a serious
19、 fire orexplosion. It is recommended that only experienced personnelrun these tests.5.3 Fumes generated by the above tests may be hazardousfrom the standpoint of both inhalation and skin irritation.Therefore, the Test Method D 92 should be conducted so thatall fumes and vapors are contained in a dra
20、ft-free shield in ahood. High pressure spray flammability tests should, if pos-sible, be remotely controlled from an area outside of or isolatedfrom the test room, or if necessary, by an operator(s) providedwith protective clothing and breathing apparatus with safetyglasses or face shields, or both,
21、 appropriate to the test envi-ronment.5.4 Because SAE AMS 3150C test pressures are controlledat 6.9 MPa (1000 psi) all equipment must be maintainedcarefully, checked for leakage before each test, and operatedonly by trained personnel.5.5 A portable carbon dioxide fire extinguisher shall beconvenient
22、ly located in the test area for emergency use.6. Sampling6.1 Take all fluid samples in accordance with PracticeD 4057.6.2 Clean, dry, and free all sampling apparatus from anysubstance that might contaminate the fluid.6.3 Care shall be taken to ensure that the fluid is mixedproperly before samples ar
23、e withdrawn for test and that thesamples are representative of the whole.6.4 The fluid shall normally meet the specification require-ments at the point where it passes from the supplier to theconsumer unless other contractual arrangements have beenmade.ASTM International takes no position respecting
24、 the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standar
25、d is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International
26、 Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.Thi
27、s standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax),
28、 or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 1 Requirements for Fire Resistant Turbine LubricantsProperty Test MethodLimits ISO Viscosity Grade32 46Viscosity, cSt, 40C D 445 28.835.2 41.450.6Pour point, C, max D 97 0 +6Foaming tendency, mL, max D 892Sequence I 25 25F
29、ire properties:Flash point, C, min D 92 225 225Fire point, C, min D 92 325 325Hot manifold, C, min SAE AMS 3150C 704 704Flammability, high temperature spray ignition (high pressure) SAE AMS 3150C Report ReportTotal acid number, mgKOH/g, max D 974 0.2 0.2Rust prevention, procedure A D 665 Pass PassWa
30、ter content, % max D 1744 0.1 0.1Oxidation stability, 175C, 72 h Fed Test Method Std. 791B;Method 5308Percent change in viscosity at 40C 5 to +20 5 to +20Increase in total acid number, max 3.0 3.0Hydrolytic stability D 2619 ReportAReportAAThe hydrolytic stability test shall be run to meet the customers requirement.D 4293 83 (2003)2
