1、Designation: D 4304 06aAn American National StandardStandard Specification forMineral Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4304; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers mineral oils used in steam andgas turbine lubrication systems where t
3、he performance require-ments demand a highly refined mineral base oil compoundedwith rust and oxidation inhibitors plus selected additives asneeded to control foam, wear, demulsibility, and so forth. Thisstandard may also be applied to “combined cycle” turbinesystems, where a single lubricant circul
4、ating system is used tosupply oil to a steam and gas turbine configured in tandemeither on a single or separate shaft for enhanced energyefficiency.1.2 This specification is intended to define the properties ofmineral oil-based turbine lubricating oils that are functionallyinterchangeable with exist
5、ing oils of this type, are compatiblewith most existing machinery components, and with appropri-ate field maintenance, will maintain their functional character-istics.1.3 This specification is intended to define only new lubri-cating oil before it is installed in the machinery.1.4 This specification
6、 is intended to be used as a guide. It ispossible that oils that do not meet this specification mayperform satisfactorily in some turbines.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Produ
7、ctsD 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD 665 Test Me
8、thod for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofInhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD 892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubri-cating OilsD 943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhib-ited Mineral OilsD 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator Titration
9、D 1401 Test Method for Water Separability of PetroleumOils and Synthetic FluidsD 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-ucts (ASTM Color Scale)D 2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Tur-bine Oils by Rotating Pressure VesselD 2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants
10、byViscosity SystemD 3339 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Prod-ucts by Semi-Micro Color Indicator TitrationD 3427 Test Method for Air Release Properties of Petro-leum OilsD 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density ofLiquids by Digital Density MeterD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling
11、 of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4310 Test Method for Determination of Sludging andCorrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral OilsD 5182 Test Method for Evaluating the Scuffing LoadCapacity of Oils (FZG Visual Method)D 6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products, Lubricatin
12、g Oils, and Additives by Coulo-metric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 ISO Standards:ISO 4406 Particle Count Analysis3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Type I mineral oils, noils for steam and gas turbinelubricating systems where the machinery does not requirelubricants with enhanced load carrying capacit
13、y.3.1.1.1 DiscussionType I oils usually are available in ISOVG 32, 46, 68 and 100 (see Classification D 2422). Such oilsnormally contain rust and oxidation inhibitors in addition to1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the dire
14、ct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.C0 on Turbine Oils.Current edition approved July 1, 2006. Published July 2006. Originally approvedin 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 430406.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at
15、serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
16、 United States.other additives as required to meet the specified performancecharacteristic. Type I oils are generally satisfactory for turbinesets where bearing temperatures do not exceed 110C.3.1.2 Type II mineral oils, noils for steam and gas turbinelubricating systems where the machinery requires
17、 enhancedload carrying capacity.3.1.2.1 DiscussionType II oils usually are available inISO VG 32, 46, 68, 100, and 150. These oils are similar to TypeI but contain additional anti-wear additives for use in turbinesequipped with a gearbox. Oils ISO VG 68 and above have beenused in marine, hydro, or w
18、ater turbines.3.1.3 Type III mineral oils, noils for heavy duty gas orcombined cycle turbine lubricating systems where the lubricantshall withstand higher temperatures and exhibit higher thermalstability than Type I mineral oils.3.1.3.1 DiscussionType III oils usually are available inISO VG 32 and 4
19、6. Such oils are normally comprised of ahighly refined mineral base oil with suitable rust and oxidationinhibitors in addition to other additives as needed to meetspecified performance characteristics. Type III oils are formu-lated for use in turbine sets where bearing temperatures mayexceed 110C. T
20、he turbine lubrication systems using Type IIIoils may be equipped with a gearbox that may require theselection of oils that contain additional anti-wear additives toimpart the specified load carrying capacity.3.1.4 functional properties, nthose properties of the min-eral lubricating oil that are req
21、uired for satisfactory operationof the machinery. These properties are listed in Section 5.4. Sampling and Testing4.1 SamplingGenerally, take all oil samples in accordancewith Practice D 4057.4.2 Use the ASTM and other test methods described inTables 1-3.5. Functional Property Requirements5.1 Minera
22、l lubricating oils conforming to the specificationshall meet the functional property limits specified in 5.2-5.4and Tables 1-3. The significance of these properties is dis-cussed in Appendix X1.5.2 Requirements for Type I oils are shown in Table 1.5.3 Requirements for Type II oils are shown in Table
23、 2.5.4 Requirements for Type III oils are shown in Table 3.6. Keywords6.1 combined cycle turbine oil; gas turbine oil; mineral oil;R and O oils; steam turbine oil; turbine lubricating oils; turbinelubrication systemsTABLE 1 Requirements for Type I Turbine OilsNOTEThe nature of some turbine oil tests
24、 are such that they are not necessarily run on each batch of lubricant. The values are only recommendedvalues. A turbine oil that has been shown to perform successfully in the intended application may be suitable for use even if all values or limits in Table1 have not been satisfied.Property ASTM Te
25、st Method LimitsPhysical:ISOviscosity grade D 2422 32 46 68 100ASTM Color, rating D 1500 report report report reportSpecific Gravity at 15.6/15.6C D 4052 report report report reportFlash point, C, min D92 180 180 180 180Pour point, C, max D97A6 6 6 6Water Content, m%, max D 6304 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02V
26、iscosity, cSt (mm2/s) 40C D 445 28.835.2 41.450.6 61.274.8 90110Visual examination at 20C . clear and brightChemical:Total Acid Number, mg KOH/g, max D 974Breport report report reportPerformanceEmulsion characteristics: D 1401Cat 54C, minutes to 3 mL emulsion, max 30 30 30 .at 82C, minutes to 3 mL e
27、mulsion, max . . . 60Foaming characteristics: D 892Sequence I, tendency/stability, mL, max50/0 50/0 50/0 50/0Air release, 50C, minutes max D 3427 55817Rust preventing characteristics D 665, Procedure B Pass Pass Pass PassCopper corrosion, 3 h at 100C, max D 130 1111Oxidation stabilityD:Hours to neut
28、. No. 2.0, min D 943 2000 2000 1500 1000Minutes to 175 kPa drop, min D 2272 350 350 175 1501000h TOST Sludge, mg, max D 4310 200 200 200 .1000h TOST, Total acid number, mg KOH/g, max D 4310 report report report .Cleanliness at the delivery stage, max ISO 4406 -/17/14 -/17/14 -/17/14 -/17/14ALower po
29、ur point may be required for some applications.BTest Method D 664 may be used as an alternative test method.CApplies only to steam turbine oils and combined cycle turbine oils.DTest Method D 943 is the accepted test method for oxidation stability of new steam turbine oils. It is recognized that Test
30、 Method D 943 is a lengthy procedure. TestMethod D 2272 is a shorter test for quality control. See X1.3.6 for significance of Test Method D 2272.D 4304 06a2TABLE 2 Requirements for Type II Turbine OilsNOTEThe nature of some tests are such that they are not necessarily run on each batch. The values a
31、re only recommended values. An oil that hasbeen shown to perform successfully in the intended application may be suitable for use even if all values in Table 2 have not been satisfied.Property ASTM Test Method LimitsPhysical:ISOviscosity grade D 2422 32 46 68 100 150ASTM Color, rating D 1500 report
32、report report report reportSpecific Gravity at 15.6/15.6C D 4052 report report report report reportFlash point, C, min D92 180 180 180 180 210Pour point, C, max D97A5 5 5 5 5Water Content, m%, max 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02Viscosity, cSt, 40C (mm2/s) D 445 28.835.2 41.450.6 61.274.8 90110 135165Visual
33、 examination at 20C . clear and brightChemical:Total Acid Number, mg KOH/g, max D 974B0.2 0.2 0.2 report reportPerformance:Emulsion Characteristics:CD 1401at 54C, minutes to 3 mL emulsion, max 30 30 30 . .at 82C, minutes to 3 mL emulsion, max . . . 60 60Foaming characteristics: D 892Sequence I, tend
34、ency/stability, mL, max 50/0 50/0 50/0 50/0 50/0Air release, 50C minutes max D 3427 5510 17 25Rust preventing characteristics D 665, Procedure B pass pass pass pass passCopper corrosion, 3 h at 100C, max D 130 111 1 1Oxidation stability:DHours to neut. No. 2.0, min D 943 3500 3000 2500 1000 1000Minu
35、tes to 175 kPa drop, min D 2272 350 350 175 150 150Cleanliness at the delivery stage, rating, max ISO 4406 - /17/14 -/17/14Load carrying capacity:fail stage, min D 5182E888 9 9ALower pour point may be required for some applications.BTest Method D 664 may be used as alternative method.CApplies only t
36、o steam turbine oils and combined cycle turbine oils.DTest Method D 943 is the accepted test method for oxidation stability of new steam turbine oils. It is recognized that Test Method D 943 is a lengthy procedure. Thus,Test Method D 2272 is a suggested shorter test for quality control. See X1.3.6 f
37、or significance of Test Method D 2272.EHigher values may be required for some applications.D 4304 06a3APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SIGNIFICANCE OF FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF TURBINE OILSX1.1 Physical PropertiesX1.1.1 ISO-Viscosity Grade, Classification D 2422TheInternational Standards Organiz
38、ation has established a viscos-ity classification system for industrial fluid lubricants. Suchlubricants are classified by grades designated as ISO-VG basedon their viscosities in centistokes at 40C. The choice ofviscosity grade for use in a particular turbine should complywith the turbine manufactu
39、rers recommendations.X1.1.2 Flash Point, Test Method D 92Flash point is thetemperature at which the fluid contained in a test cup andheated at a constant rate will flash but not continue to burnwhen a flame is passed over the cup. It is indirectly a measureof both the volatility of the oil and the f
40、lammability of thesevolatiles contained therein. This is mainly of value as a qualitycontrol test and for regulatory reasons.X1.1.3 Pour Point, Test Method D 97The pour point is anindication of the lowest temperature at which the oil will flowby gravity. The fluid viscosity must allow the system to
41、start upand operate at low temperatures. As a practical rule, the fluidshould have a pour point 10C below the minimum expectedambient temperature.X1.1.4 Viscosity, Test Method D 445The viscosity of aturbine oil determines its ability to flow in a lubrication systemand to support bearing loads, trans
42、fer heat, and operatehydraulic controls.X1.1.5 Visual Examination and ASTM Color, Test MethodD 1500In the manufacture, distribution, and use of turbineoils, fresh oils should be examined for appearance and clarityas a check against contamination. Oils may be compared to astandard reference sample.X1
43、.1.6 Cleanliness Test MethodsInsoluble contaminants,including metallic and nonmetallic materials, can cause abra-sive wear of bearings, pumps, and seals; faulty control func-tioning; plugged oil lines; and reduced filter life. There areTABLE 3 Requirements for Type III Turbine OilsNOTEThe nature of
44、some turbine oil tests is such that they are not necessarily run on each batch of lubricant. The values are only recommended values.A turbine oil that has been shown to perform successfully in the intended application may be suitable for use even if all values or limits in Table 3 havenot been satis
45、fied.Property ASTM Test Method LimitsPhysical:ISOviscosity grade D 2422 32 46ASTM Color, rating D 1500 report reportSpecific Gravity at 15.6/15.6C D 4052 report reportFlash point, C, min D92 200 200Pour point, C, max D97A6 6Water Content, m %, max D 6304 0.02 0.02Viscosity, cSt (mm2/s) 40C D 445 28.
46、835.2 41.450.6Visual examination at 20C . clear and brightChemical:Total Acid Number, mg KOH/g, max D 974Breport reportPerformance:Emulsion characteristics: D 1401Cat 54C, minutes to 3 mL emulsion, max 30 30Foaming Characteristics: D 892Sequence I, tendency/stability, mL, max 50/0 50/0Air release, 5
47、0C, minutes max D 3427 55Rust preventing characteristics D 665, Procedure B Pass PassCopper corrosion, 3 h at 100C, max D 130 11Oxidation stabilityD:Hours to neut. No. 2.0, min D 943 3500 3500RPVOT, minutes to 175 kPa drop, min D 2272 750 750RPVOT, retention after nitrogen treatment, % , min D 2272,
48、 modifiedE85 851000-h TOST sludge, mg, max D 4310 200 2001000-h TOST, total acid number, mg KOH/g, max D 4310 report reportCleanliness at the delivery stage, max ISO 4406 /17/14 /17/14Load carrying capacity: (optional)fail stage, minD 5182Freport reportALower pour point may be required for some appl
49、ications.BTest Method D 664 may be used as an alternative test method.CApplies only to steam turbine oils and combined cycle turbine oils.DTest Method D 943 is the accepted test method for oxidation stability of new steam turbine oils. It is recognized that Test Method D 943 is a lengthy procedure. TestMethod D 2272 is a shorter test for quality control. See X1.3.6 for significance of Test Method D 2272.EFZG may be required for some geared applications. The required value should be negotiated with the end u
