1、Designation:D430612 Designation: D4306 12aAn American National StandardStandard Practice forAviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by TraceContamination1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4306; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigin
2、al adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defe
3、nse.1. Scope*1.1 This practice2covers the types of and preparation of containers found most suitable for the handling of aviation fuel samplesfor the determination of critical properties affected by trace contamination.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units
4、of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulat
5、orylimitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, and 5.6.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate FuelsD3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbi
6、ne Fuels by Portable SeparometerD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Precision MeterD5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Aviation Fuels by Laboratory Filtration2.2 SAE Standard:4MAP
7、1794 Aircraft Recommended Practice, Ball-On-Cylinder (Boc) Aircraft Turbine Fuel Lubricity Tester3. Significance and Use3.1 General descriptions for the manual sampling of petroleum products are given in Practice D4057. However, a number ofaviation fuel properties are established or affected by trac
8、e levels of polar or other compounds. Measurement significance thereforerequires that the sample containers not add or adsorb any materials. This practice presents types and preparations of samplingcontainers found satisfactory for the determination of water separation, copper corrosion, electrical
9、conductivity, thermal stability,lubricity, and trace metal content. An approval procedure for new containers is also given.3.2 Two properties, particulate contamination and free water content, involve materials easily removed by any samplingcontainer. These properties should be determined by placing
10、 the sample directly into the measuring apparatus and not usingcontainers to transport the sample to the measuring equipment.3.3 Recommendations in this practice provide guidance for immediate use and for storage of samples. Immediate use involvessample storage for periods less than 24 h.4. Apparatu
11、s4.1 Sampling Containers:4.1.1 Epoxy-Coated Containers:4.1.1.1 While generally superior to other coatings, certain epoxy-coatings evolve plasticizers which can adversely affect criticalfuel properties. Because no specification is known to describe a satisfactory epoxy-coating, 6.2 lists an approval
12、procedure which1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.J0.04 onAdditives and Electrical Properties.Current edition approved Feb. 1,April 15, 2012. Published MarchMay 2012. Originally appr
13、oved in 1984. Last previous edition approved 20072012 asD430607.D430612. DOI: 10.1520/D4306-12a.2The detailed data on which this practice is based may be found in SAE Practice MAP1794 and three research reports. Supporting data have been filed at ASTMInternational Headquarters and may be obtained by
14、 requesting Research Reports RR:D02-1169, RR:D02-1142, and RR:D02-1504.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the A
15、STM website.4Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous versi
16、on. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes secti
17、on appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.can be used to identify a satisfactory coating.4.1.1.2 For initial qualification of new container sources, coated cans should be examined closely t
18、o assure that the coatingcovers all inside surfaces. If not, the cans should be considered the same as tin-plated, soldered side seam cans.4.1.1.3 Epoxy-coated cans are generally considered satisfactory for sampling aviation gasoline.4.1.2 Borosilicate (Hard) Glass BottlesAmber colored or bottles co
19、vered with an opaque material such as aluminum foil arepreferred to avoid possible reactions with sunlight.4.1.3 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) BottlesBlack, carbon-filled bottles avoid possible reactions with sunlight.4.1.4 Polyethylene Bottles, high-density, linear.4.1.5 Steel Cans, tin-plated, so
20、ldered side seam.4.1.6 Soda Lime (Soft) Glass Bottles.4.2 Closures:4.2.1 Closures with a metallic inside surface are preferred. Closures with the same inside surfaces as suitable containers or PTFEare also suitable.4.2.2 Where required by shipping regulations such as DOT 17C or 17E the closure shoul
21、d also include a metallic shipping seal.NOTE 1The use of improper or uncleaned closures or shipping seals will destroy all precautions used in selecting and preparing containers. The useof properly selected and cleaned closures or seals is essential.5. Reagents and Materials5.1 Acetone, CP Grade (Wa
22、rningExtremely flammable. Vapors may cause flash fire). (See Note 2).5.2 Toluene, CP Grade (WarningExtremely flammable. Vapors may cause flash fire). (See Note 2). When used to cleancontainers for conductivity, measure toluene conductivity according to Test Method D2624 or D4308 and use only if cond
23、uctivityis less than 20 pS/m.5.3 Isopropanol, CP Grade (WarningExtremely flammable. Vapors may cause flash fire). (See Note 2).5.4 Heptane, CP Grade (WarningExtremely flammable. Vapors may cause flash fire). (See Note 2).NOTE 2Because these solvents are available at various purity levels, the use of
24、 CP grade is required to eliminates possible problems with residualimpurities.5.5 Detergent, heavy duty, water soluble, laboratory type.5.6 Jet A or Jet A-1, used as reference fluid. (WarningCombustible. Vapor harmful).5.6.1 Reference fluid for approval testing with Jet A or Jet A-1 fuel is prepared
25、 in accordance with Test Method D3948,Appendix X1 on Preparation of Reference Fluid Base, and should have an electrical conductivity of 0.1 to 1.0 by Test MethodD4308 (or give a reading of less than 1 according to Test Method D2624) and an MSEP rating of 98-100 by Test Method D3948.5.6.2 Compressed
26、Air, clean, dry, oil free and filtered, may be used to expedite air drying.6. Preparation of Apparatus6.1 Introduction:6.1.1 Experience indicates no single container type to meets all desired requirements including size and cost. Certain containertypes have been found suitable for some test methods
27、but not for others. Some containers are adequate if the samples are usedimmediately but are not suitable for sample storage. The procedure therefore designates the containers to be used for each testprocedure and describes prior cleaning, if any. A summary of the procedures is found in Table 1. The
28、detailed procedures followbelow. However, the possibility that a fuel may contain an unusual contaminant, making a normally satisfactory containerunsuitable should not be overlooked.6.1.2 The largest sample meeting shipping rules, costs, availability, and other practical considerations should always
29、 be usedto minimize surface effects.6.1.3 It is not possible to describe some of the container materials by standard specifications or by suitable generic descriptions.Therefore, an approval procedure is outlined in 6.2.6.1.4 Other sampling details such as sampling taps, labelling, shipping instruct
30、ions, and so forth will be found in PracticeD4057.6.2 Approval Procedure (Stored Samples):6.2.1 If internally coated the new container should be examined visually for coating integrity in accordance with 4.1.1.2 andclosure suitability in accordance with 4.2.1.6.2.2 Containers should be flushed three
31、 times with the container 10 to 20 % filled with trisolvent (equal volumes of 5.1, 5.2,and 5.3), then three times with heptane. For each flush, the container should be closed and shaken for 1 min and the solventreplaced for the next flush. After the last flush is drained, the container should be air
32、-dried.6.2.3 Reference fuel as indicated in 5.3 should be used for testing.6.2.4 The containers should be filled with reference JetA, orA-1, closed, and stored for at least one month at room temperature.During this period the samples should be shaken strongly at least once a week. At the end of stor
33、age the sample should be testedfor electrical conductivity and water separation. The final electrical conductivity should be no more than 2 pS/m greater than theoriginal value. The water separation rating should decrease by no more than three MSEP units.D4306 12a26.2.5 Supplemental testing is necess
34、ary if the fuel normally contains additives such as conductivity improvers which may bedesorbed. In that case a large additive-containing sample which has been stored for a month or longer to equilibrate additivecontent should be used as the test fuel. Such fuel should have a conductivity above 50 p
35、S/m if the additive is conductivity improveradditive; and the MSEP value should also be determined. After similar storage for at least one month, the final electricalconductivity should not change more than the repeatability limits of Test Method D2624 or D4308, whichever method is used torate the f
36、uel. The final MSEP rating should be within the repeatability limits for the initially obtained value.6.2.6 The large container fuel sample should preferably be retained in its original container as a reference sample during thestorage interval, and retested to determine whether a correction, equal
37、to any change in the reference material, should be applied.Similar testing can be applied for other additives and properties.6.3 Approval Procedure (Immediate Use):6.3.1 All containers found suitable for storage are suitable for immediate use. The following procedure applies to circumstanceswhere fu
38、el samples will not be retained for longer than 24 h, preferably for shorter times.6.3.2 The approval procedure is identical to that for storage except that the elapsed time interval between filling containers andtesting should be not less than 24 h.NOTE 3Effects due to containers are sometimes vari
39、able depending on fuel sample properties especially if additives are present. Evaluations withseveral fuels or fuel types are helpful to verify conclusions.6.4 Containers for Thermal Stability Testing:6.4.1 Epoxy-lined containers in accordance with 4.1.1 are preferred for immediate testing or sample
40、 storage. New containersshould be flushed three times with product being sampled.6.4.1.1 Used containers should be flushed three times with the container 10 to 20 % filled with trisolvent (6.2.2) or heptane. Foreach flush the container should be closed and shaken for 1 min and the solvent replaced f
41、or the next flush. After the last flush isdrained, the container should be air dried. Alternately, borosilicate glass bottles can be similarly rinsed three times with the fuelto be tested, then drained.6.4.1.2 If the same fuel type containing the same additives is to be resampled, flushing three tim
42、es with the new sample isconsidered adequate preparation as per flushing instruction provided in 6.5.1.6.4.2 New borosilicate glass bottles are satisfactory for immediate use if cleaned by rinsing with water, acetone, and air drying.Amber bottles are preferred. Clear bottles must be shielded from li
43、ght by wrapping with aluminum foil or enclosure in a dark boxor cabinet.TABLE 1 Summary of Container RecommendationsAType of Analysis: MSEPElectricalConductivityBLubricityThermalStabilityBTraceMetalsCopperCorrosionBHard borosilicate glassImmediate use PCPSDSNRESStorage P P S NEFNR SReuse S P S S NR
44、SSoft soda lime glass (washed)Immediate use S S NE NE NR NEStorage NR NR NR NR NR NEReuse S S NR NR NR NRAluminum containersImmediate use NR NR NR NR NR NRStorage NR NR NR NR NR NRReuse NR NR NR NR NR NREpoxy-lined steelImmediate use P P S P NR SStorage P P S P NR SReuse P P S P NR SPolytetrafluoroe
45、thyleneImmediate use S NR NR NE P SStorage NE NR NR NE P SReuse NE NR NR NE P STin-plate soldered steel (Superclean only)Immediate use S S S S NR NRStorage NR NR NR NR NR NRReuse NR NR NR NR NR NRHigh-density linear polyethyleneImmediate use S NR NR NR P SStorage NR NR NR NR P SReuse NR NR NR NR P S
46、AThe containers listed in this summary should not be used without consulting the appropriate paragraphs of this practice for detailed advice.BAll transparent or translucent containers must be shielded from light by wrapping with opaque material such as aluminum foil, or enclosure in a dark box or ca
47、binet.Amber bottles reduce photochemical effects.CP = preferred.DS = suitable.ENR = not recommended.FNE = not evaluated but may be suitable.D4306 12a36.4.3 New tin-plated cans with soldered side seams should only be used if the container is cleaned and the sample is usedimmediately.6.4.3.1 Cleaning
48、Before UseHalf fill the container with acetone.Alternatively, a mixture of equal volumes of acetone, toluene,and isopropanol may be used. Replace closure and shake vigorously for 1 min. Drain the solvent and air dry. Fill the containerabout14 full with heptane, replace closure and repeat shaking, dr
49、aining the solvent and air drying the container.NOTE 4Soldered cans often contain residues of soldering flux or roll-oils on inside surfaces. These materials may have low solubility in hydrocarbonsbut even at trace levels will adversely affect the properties discussed in this practice. The difficulties of completely removing these contaminants makethe use of epoxy-lined containers preferable.6.4.4 PTFE bottles have not been evaluated but should be satisfactory after cleaning with heptane in accordance with 6.4.1.1.6.4.5 Other plastic bottles such as high-density lin
