1、Designation: D4306 12bAn American National StandardStandard Practice forAviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by TraceContamination1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4306; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 Thi
3、s practice2covers the types of and preparation ofcontainers found most suitable for the handling of aviation fuelsamples for the determination of critical properties affected bytrace contamination.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are incl
4、uded in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior t
5、o use. For specificwarning statements, see 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, and 5.6.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity ofAviationand Distillate FuelsD3948 Test Method for Determining Water SeparationCharacteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by PortableSeparo
6、meterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of LiquidHydrocarbons by Precision MeterD5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Avia-tion Fuels by Laboratory Filtration2.2 SAE Standard:4MAP1794 Aircraft Recommended Pr
7、actice, Ball-On-Cylinder (Boc) Aircraft Turbine Fuel Lubricity Tester3. Significance and Use3.1 General descriptions for the manual sampling of petro-leum products are given in Practice D4057. However, anumber of aviation fuel properties are established or affectedby trace levels of polar or other c
8、ompounds. Measurementsignificance therefore requires that the sample containers notadd or adsorb any materials. This practice presents types andpreparations of sampling containers found satisfactory for thedetermination of water separation, copper corrosion, electricalconductivity, thermal stability
9、, lubricity, and trace metal con-tent. An approval procedure for new containers is also given.3.2 Two properties, particulate contamination and free watercontent, involve materials easily removed by any samplingcontainer. These properties should be determined by placingthe sample directly into the m
10、easuring apparatus and not usingcontainers to transport the sample to the measuring equipment.3.3 Recommendations in this practice provide guidance forimmediate use and for storage of samples. Immediate useinvolves sample storage for periods less than 24 h.4. Apparatus4.1 Sampling Containers:4.1.1 E
11、poxy-Coated Containers:4.1.1.1 While generally superior to other coatings, certainepoxy-coatings evolve plasticizers which can adversely affectcritical fuel properties. Because no specification is known todescribe a satisfactory epoxy-coating, 6.2 lists an approvalprocedure which can be used to iden
12、tify a satisfactory coating.4.1.1.2 For initial qualification of new container sources,coated cans should be examined closely to assure that thecoating covers all inside surfaces. If not, the cans should beconsidered the same as tin-plated, soldered side seam cans.4.1.1.3 Epoxy-coated cans are gener
13、ally considered satis-factory for sampling aviation gasoline.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.J0.04on Additives and Electrical Properties.Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Publ
14、ished October 2012. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved 2012 as D430612a. DOI:10.1520/D4306-12B.2The detailed data on which this practice is based may be found in SAE PracticeMAP1794 and three research reports. Supporting data have been filed at ASTMInternational Headquarters
15、and may be obtained by requesting Research ReportsRR:D02-1169, RR:D02-1142, and RR:D02-1504.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document S
16、ummary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohock
17、en, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.2 Borosilicate (Hard) Glass BottlesAmber colored orbottles covered with an opaque material such as aluminum foilare preferred to avoid possible reactions with sunlight.4.1.3 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) BottlesBlack,carbon-filled bottles avoid possible reaction
18、s with sunlight.4.1.4 Polyethylene Bottles, high-density, linear.4.1.5 Steel Cans, tin-plated, soldered side seam.4.1.6 Soda Lime (Soft) Glass Bottles.4.2 Closures:4.2.1 Closures with a metallic inside surface are preferred.Closures with the same inside surfaces as suitable containers orPTFE are als
19、o suitable.4.2.2 Where required by shipping regulations such as DOT17C or 17E the closure should also include a metallic shippingseal.NOTE 1The use of improper or uncleaned closures or shipping sealswill destroy all precautions used in selecting and preparing containers. Theuse of properly selected
20、and cleaned closures or seals is essential.5. Reagents and Materials5.1 Acetone, CP Grade (WarningExtremely flammable.Vapors may cause flash fire). (See Note 2).5.2 Toluene, CP Grade (WarningExtremely flammable.Vapors may cause flash fire). (See Note 2). When used to cleancontainers for conductivity
21、, measure toluene conductivity ac-cording to Test Method D2624 or D4308 and use only ifconductivity is less than 20 pS/m.5.3 Isopropanol, CP Grade (WarningExtremely flam-mable. Vapors may cause flash fire). (See Note 2).5.4 Heptane, CP Grade (WarningExtremely flammable.Vapors may cause flash fire).
22、(See Note 2).NOTE 2Because these solvents are available at various purity levels,the use of CP grade is required to eliminates possible problems withresidual impurities.5.5 Detergent, heavy duty, water soluble, laboratory type.5.6 Jet A or Jet A-1, used as reference fluid. (WarningCombustible. Vapor
23、 harmful).5.6.1 Reference fluid for approval testing with Jet A or JetA-1 fuel is prepared in accordance with Test Method D3948,Appendix X1 on Preparation of Reference Fluid Base, andshould have an electrical conductivity of 0.1 to 1.0 by TestMethod D4308 (or give a reading of less than 1 according
24、toTest Method D2624) and an MSEP rating of 98-100 by TestMethod D3948.5.6.2 Compressed Air, clean, dry, oil free and filtered, maybe used to expedite air drying.6. Preparation of Apparatus6.1 Introduction:6.1.1 Experience indicates no single container type to meetsall desired requirements including
25、size and cost. Certaincontainer types have been found suitable for some test methodsbut not for others. Some containers are adequate if the samplesare used immediately but are not suitable for sample storage.The procedure therefore designates the containers to be usedfor each test procedure and desc
26、ribes prior cleaning, if any. Asummary of the procedures is found in Table 1. The detailedprocedures follow below. However, the possibility that a fuelmay contain an unusual contaminant, making a normallysatisfactory container unsuitable should not be overlooked.6.1.2 The largest sample meeting ship
27、ping rules, costs,availability, and other practical considerations should alwaysbe used to minimize surface effects.6.1.3 It is not possible to describe some of the containermaterials by standard specifications or by suitable genericdescriptions. Therefore, an approval procedure is outlined in6.2.6.
28、1.4 Other sampling details such as sampling taps, label-ling, shipping instructions, and so forth will be found inPractice D4057.6.2 Approval Procedure (Stored Samples):6.2.1 If internally coated the new container should beexamined visually for coating integrity in accordance with4.1.1.2 and closure
29、 suitability in accordance with 4.2.1.6.2.2 Containers should be flushed three times with thecontainer 10 to 20 % filled with trisolvent (equal volumes of5.1, 5.2, and 5.3), then three times with heptane. For each flush,the container should be closed and shaken for 1 min and thesolvent replaced for
30、the next flush. After the last flush isdrained, the container should be air-dried.6.2.3 Reference fuel as indicated in 5.3 should be used fortesting.6.2.4 The containers should be filled with reference JetA, orA-1, closed, and stored for at least one month at roomtemperature. During this period the
31、samples should be shakenstrongly at least once a week. At the end of storage the sampleshould be tested for electrical conductivity and water separa-tion. The final electrical conductivity should be no more than 2pS/m greater than the original value. The water separationrating should decrease by no
32、more than three MSEP units.6.2.5 Supplemental testing is necessary if the fuel normallycontains additives such as conductivity improvers which maybe desorbed. In that case a large additive-containing samplewhich has been stored for a month or longer to equilibrateadditive content should be used as t
33、he test fuel. Such fuelshould have a conductivity above 50 pS/m if the additive isconductivity improver additive; and the MSEP value shouldalso be determined.After similar storage for at least one month,the final electrical conductivity should not change more thanthe repeatability limits of Test Met
34、hod D2624 or D4308,whichever method is used to rate the fuel. The final MSEPrating should be within the repeatability limits for the initiallyobtained value.6.2.6 The large container fuel sample should preferably beretained in its original container as a reference sample duringthe storage interval,
35、and retested to determine whether acorrection, equal to any change in the reference material,should be applied. Similar testing can be applied for otheradditives and properties.6.3 Approval Procedure (Immediate Use):6.3.1 All containers found suitable for storage are suitablefor immediate use. The f
36、ollowing procedure applies to circum-stances where fuel samples will not be retained for longer than24 h, preferably for shorter times.D4306 12b26.3.2 The approval procedure is identical to that for storageexcept that the elapsed time interval between filling containersand testing should be not less
37、 than 24 h.NOTE 3Effects due to containers are sometimes variable dependingon fuel sample properties especially if additives are present. Evaluationswith several fuels or fuel types are helpful to verify conclusions.6.4 Containers for Thermal Stability Testing:6.4.1 Epoxy-lined containers in accorda
38、nce with 4.1.1 arepreferred for immediate testing or sample storage. New con-tainers should be flushed three times with product beingsampled.6.4.1.1 Used containers should be flushed three times withthe container 10 to 20 % filled with trisolvent (6.2.2)orheptane. For each flush the container should
39、 be closed andshaken for 1 min and the solvent replaced for the next flush.After the last flush is drained, the container should be air dried.Alternately, borosilicate glass bottles can be similarly rinsedthree times with the fuel to be tested, then drained.6.4.1.2 If the same fuel type containing t
40、he same additives isto be resampled, flushing three times with the new sample isconsidered adequate preparation as per flushing instructionprovided in 6.5.1.6.4.2 New borosilicate glass bottles are satisfactory forimmediate use if cleaned by rinsing with water, acetone, andair drying. Amber bottles
41、are preferred. Clear bottles must beshielded from light by wrapping with aluminum foil orenclosure in a dark box or cabinet.6.4.3 New tin-plated cans with soldered side seams shouldonly be used if the container is cleaned and the sample is usedimmediately.6.4.3.1 Cleaning Before UseHalf fill the con
42、tainer withacetone. Alternatively, a mixture of equal volumes of acetone,toluene, and isopropanol may be used. Replace closure andshake vigorously for 1 min. Drain the solvent and air dry. Fillthe container about14 full with heptane, replace closure andrepeat shaking, draining the solvent and air dr
43、ying the con-tainer.NOTE 4Soldered cans often contain residues of soldering flux orroll-oils on inside surfaces. These materials may have low solubility inhydrocarbons but even at trace levels will adversely affect the propertiesdiscussed in this practice. The difficulties of completely removing the
44、secontaminants make the use of epoxy-lined containers preferable.6.4.4 PTFE bottles have not been evaluated but should besatisfactory after cleaning with heptane in accordance with6.4.1.1.6.4.5 Other plastic bottles such as high-density linear poly-ethylene have not been evaluated and are not recomm
45、ended.6.5 Containers for Water Separation Testing:6.5.1 Epoxy-coated containers, whether new or used, arepreferred for immediate testing or sample storage. Immediatelyprior to sample collection, flush the container three times withthe sample being collected. For each flush, the container shouldbe 10
46、 to 20% filled with sample, closed, and shaken for aminimum of 5 s and the fuel replaced for the next flush. AfterTABLE 1 Summary of Container RecommendationsAType of Analysis: MSEPElectricalConductivityBLubricityThermalStabilityBTraceMetalsCopperCorrosionBHard borosilicate glassImmediate use PCPSDS
47、NRESStorage P P S NEFNR SReuse S P S S NR SSoft soda lime glass (washed)Immediate use S S NE NE NR NEStorage NR NR NR NR NR NEReuse S S NR NR NR NRAluminum containersImmediate use NR NR NR NR NR NRStorage NR NR NR NR NR NRReuse NR NR NR NR NR NREpoxy-lined steelImmediate use P P S P NR SStorage P P
48、S P NR SReuse P P S P NR SPolytetrafluoroethyleneImmediate use S NR NR NE P SStorage NE NR NR NE P SReuse NE NR NR NE P STin-plate soldered steel (Superclean only)Immediate use S S S S NR NRStorage NR NR NR NR NR NRReuse NR NR NR NR NR NRHigh-density linear polyethyleneImmediate use S NR NR NR P SSt
49、orage NR NR NR NR P SReuse NR NR NR NR P SAThe containers listed in this summary should not be used without consulting the appropriate paragraphs of this practice for detailed advice.BAll transparent or translucent containers must be shielded from light by wrapping with opaque material such as aluminum foil, or enclosure in a dark box or cabinet.Amber bottles reduce photochemical effects.CP = preferred.DS = suitable.ENR = not recommended.FNE = not evaluated but may be suitable.D4306 12b3the last flush is drained, the container may be filled fortransport to the laborat
