1、Designation: D4306 12cD4306 13 An American National StandardStandard Practice forAviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by TraceContamination1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4306; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scop
3、e*1.1 This practice2 covers the types of and preparation of containers found most suitable for the handling of aviation fuel samplesfor the determination of critical properties affected by trace contamination.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measure
4、ment are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitat
5、ions prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, and 5.6.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate FuelsD3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels b
6、y Portable SeparometerD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Precision MeterD5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Aviation Fuels by Laboratory Filtration2.2 SAE Standard:4MAP1794 Aircr
7、aft Recommended Practice, Ball-On-Cylinder (Boc) Aircraft Turbine Fuel Lubricity Tester3. Significance and Use3.1 General descriptions for the manual sampling of petroleum products are given in Practice D4057. However, a number ofaviation fuel properties are established or affected by trace levels o
8、f polar or other compounds. Measurement significance thereforerequires that the sample containers not add or adsorb any materials. This practice presents types and preparations of samplingcontainers found satisfactory for the determination of water separation, copper corrosion, electrical conductivi
9、ty, thermal stability,lubricity, and trace metal content. An approval procedure for new containers is also given.3.2 Two properties, particulate contamination and free water content, involve materials easily removed by any samplingcontainer. These properties should be determined by placing the sampl
10、e directly into the measuring apparatus and not usingcontainers to transport the sample to the measuring equipment.3.3 Recommendations in this practice provide guidance for immediate use and for storage of samples. Immediate use involvessample storage for periods less than 24 h.4. Apparatus4.1 Sampl
11、ing Containers:4.1.1 Epoxy-Coated Containers:1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.J0.04 onAdditives and Electrical Properties.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012June 15, 2013. Publi
12、shed February 2013July 2013. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved 2012 asD4306D4306 12c.12b. DOI: 10.1520/D4306-12C.10.1520/D4306-13.2 The detailed data on which this practice is based may be found in SAE Practice MAP1794 and three research reports. Supporting data have been f
13、iled at ASTMInternational Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Reports RR:D02-1169, RR:D02-1142, and RR:D02-1504.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume informa
14、tion, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indi
15、cation of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be c
16、onsidered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.1.1.1 While generally superior to other coatings, certain epoxy-coatings evolve plastic
17、izers which can adversely affect criticalfuel properties. Because no specification is known to describe a satisfactory epoxy-coating, 6.2 lists an approval procedure whichcan be used to identify a satisfactory coating.4.1.1.2 For initial qualification of new container sources, coated cans should be
18、examined closely to assure that the coatingcovers all inside surfaces. If not, the cans should be considered the same as tin-plated, soldered side seam cans.4.1.1.3 Epoxy-coated cans are generally considered satisfactory for sampling aviation gasoline.4.1.2 Borosilicate (Hard) Glass BottlesAmber col
19、ored or bottles covered with an opaque material such as aluminum foil arepreferred to avoid possible reactions with sunlight.4.1.3 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) BottlesBlack, carbon-filled bottles avoid possible reactions with sunlight.4.1.4 Polyethylene Bottles, high-density, linear.4.1.5 Steel Ca
20、ns, tin-plated, soldered side seam.4.1.6 Soda Lime (Soft) Glass Bottles.4.2 Closures:4.2.1 Closures with a metallic inside surface are preferred. Closures with the same inside surfaces as suitable containers or PTFEare also suitable.4.2.2 Where required by shipping regulations such as DOT 17C or 17E
21、 the closure should also include a metallic shipping seal.NOTE 1The use of improper or uncleaned closures or shipping seals will destroy all precautions used in selecting and preparing containers. The useof properly selected and cleaned closures or seals is essential.5. Reagents and Materials5.1 Ace
22、tone, CP Grade (WarningExtremely flammable. Vapors may cause flash fire). (See Note 2).5.2 Toluene, CP Grade (WarningExtremely flammable. Vapors may cause flash fire). (See Note 2). When used to cleancontainers for conductivity, measure toluene conductivity according to Test Method D2624 or D4308 an
23、d use only if conductivityis less than 20 pS/m.5.3 Isopropanol, CP Grade (WarningExtremely flammable. Vapors may cause flash fire). (See Note 2).5.4 Heptane, CP Grade (WarningExtremely flammable. Vapors may cause flash fire). (See Note 2).NOTE 2Because these solvents are available at various purity
24、levels, the use of CP grade is required to eliminates possible problems with residualimpurities.5.5 Detergent, heavy duty, water soluble, laboratory type.5.6 Jet A or Jet A-1, used as reference fluid. (WarningCombustible. Vapor harmful).5.6.1 Reference fluid for approval testing with Jet A or Jet A-
25、1 fuel is prepared in accordance with Test Method D3948,Appendix X1 on Preparation of Reference Fluid Base, and should have an electrical conductivity of 0.1 to 1.0 by Test MethodD4308 (or give a reading of less than 1 according to Test Method D2624) and an MSEP rating of 98-100 by Test Method D3948
26、.5.6.2 Compressed Air, clean, dry, oil free and filtered, may be used to expedite air drying.6. Preparation of Apparatus6.1 Introduction:6.1.1 Experience indicates no single container type to meets all desired requirements including size and cost. Certain containertypes have been found suitable for
27、some test methods but not for others. Some containers are adequate if the samples are usedimmediately but are not suitable for sample storage. The procedure therefore designates the containers to be used for each testprocedure and describes prior cleaning, if any. A summary of the procedures is foun
28、d in Table 1. The detailed procedures followbelow. However, the possibility that a fuel may contain an unusual contaminant, making a normally satisfactory containerunsuitable should not be overlooked.6.1.2 The largest sample meeting shipping rules, costs, availability, and other practical considerat
29、ions should always be usedto minimize surface effects.6.1.3 It is not possible to describe some of the container materials by standard specifications or by suitable generic descriptions.Therefore, an approval procedure is outlined in 6.2.6.1.4 Other sampling details such as sampling taps, labelling,
30、 shipping instructions, and so forth will be found in PracticeD4057.6.2 Approval Procedure (Stored Samples):6.2.1 If internally coated the new container should be examined visually for coating integrity in accordance with 4.1.1.2 andclosure suitability in accordance with 4.2.1.6.2.2 Containers shoul
31、d be flushed three times with the container 10 to 20 % filled with trisolvent (equal volumes of 5.1, 5.2,and 5.3), then three times with heptane. For each flush, the container should be closed and shaken for 1 min and the solventreplaced for the next flush. After the last flush is drained, the conta
32、iner should be air-dried.6.2.3 Reference fuel as indicated in 5.3 should be used for testing.D4306 1326.2.4 The containers should be filled with reference JetA, orA-1, closed, and stored for at least one month at room temperature.During this period the samples should be shaken strongly at least once
33、 a week. At the end of storage the sample should be testedfor electrical conductivity and water separation. The final electrical conductivity should be no more than 2 pS/m greater than theoriginal value. The water separation rating should decrease by no more than three MSEP units.6.2.5 Supplemental
34、testing is necessary if the fuel normally contains additives such as conductivity improvers which may bedesorbed. In that case a large additive-containing sample which has been stored for a month or longer to equilibrate additivecontent should be used as the test fuel. Such fuel should have a conduc
35、tivity above 50 pS/m if the additive is conductivity improveradditive; and the MSEP value should also be determined. After similar storage for at least one month, the final electricalconductivity should not change more than the repeatability limits of Test Method D2624 or D4308, whichever method is
36、used torate the fuel. The final MSEP rating should be within the repeatability limits for the initially obtained value.6.2.6 The large container fuel sample should preferably be retained in its original container as a reference sample during thestorage interval, and retested to determine whether a c
37、orrection, equal to any change in the reference material, should be applied.Similar testing can be applied for other additives and properties.6.3 Approval Procedure (Immediate Use):6.3.1 All containers found suitable for storage are suitable for immediate use. The following procedure applies to circ
38、umstanceswhere fuel samples will not be retained for longer than 24 h, preferably for shorter times.6.3.2 The approval procedure is identical to that for storage except that the elapsed time interval between filling containers andtesting should be not less than 24 h.NOTE 3Effects due to containers a
39、re sometimes variable depending on fuel sample properties especially if additives are present. Evaluations withseveral fuels or fuel types are helpful to verify conclusions.6.4 Containers for Thermal Stability Testing:6.4.1 Epoxy-lined containers in accordance with 4.1.1 are preferred for immediate
40、testing or sample storage. New containersshould be flushed in accordance with 6.4.1.2.TABLE 1 Summary of Container RecommendationsAType of Analysis: ThermalStabilityB MSEP ElectricalConductivityB Lubricity TraceMetals CopperCorrosionB ParticulateSection 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10Hard borosilicate
41、glassImmediate use S PC P SD NRE S NEStorage NEF P P S NR S NEReuse S S P S NR S NESoft soda lime glass (washed)Immediate use NE S S NE NR NE NEStorage NR NR NR NR NR NE NEReuse NR S S NR NR NR NEAluminum containersImmediate use NR NR NR NR NR NR NEStorage NR NR NR NR NR NR NEReuse NR NR NR NR NR NR
42、 NEEpoxy-lined steelImmediate use P P P S NR S NEImmediate use P P P P NR S NEStorage P P P S NR S NEStorage P P P P NR S NEReuse P P P S NR S NEReuse P P P P NR S NEPolytetrafluoroethyleneImmediate use NE S NR NR P S PStorage NE NE NR NR P S PReuse NE NE NR NR P S PTin-plate soldered steel(Supercle
43、an only)Immediate use S S S S NR NR NEStorage NR NR NR NR NR NR NEReuse NR NR NR NR NR NR NEHigh-density linear polyethyleneImmediate use NR S NR NR P S NEStorage NR NR NR NR P S NEReuse NR NR NR NR P S NEA The containers listed in this summary should not be used without consulting the appropriate p
44、aragraphs of this practice for detailed advice.B All transparent or translucent containers must be shielded from light by wrapping with opaque material such as aluminum foil, or enclosure in a dark box or cabinet.Amberbottles reduce photochemical effects.C P = preferred.D S = suitable.E NR = not rec
45、ommended.F NE = not evaluated but may be suitable.D4306 1336.4.1.1 Used containers should be flushed three times with the container 10 to 20 % filled with trisolvent (6.2.2) or heptane. Foreach flush the container should be closed and shaken for 1 min and the solvent replaced for the next flush. Aft
46、er the last flush isdrained, the container should be air dried.6.4.1.2 If the same fuel type containing the same additives is to be resampled, flushing with the product to be sampled isconsidered adequate preparation. Flushing shall be conducted immediately prior to sample collection and consists of
47、 flushing thecontainer 3 times with the sample being collected. For each flush, the container should be 10 to 20 % filled with new sample,closed, and shaken for a minimum of 5 s and the fuel replaced for the next flush. After the last flush is drained, the container maybe filled (allowing safe ullag
48、e) for transport to the laboratory for testing.6.4.2 New borosilicate glass bottles are satisfactory for immediate use if cleaned by rinsing with water, acetone, and air drying.Amber bottles are preferred. Clear bottles must be shielded from light by wrapping with aluminum foil or enclosure in a dar
49、k boxor cabinet.6.4.2.1 Follow the instruction in 6.4.1.1 or 6.4.1.2 for reusing borosilicate bottles. Alternately, borosilicate glass bottles can besimilarly flushed in accordance with 6.4.1.2 provided the same fuel type containing the same additives is to be resampled.6.4.3 New tin-plated cans with soldered side seams should only be used if the container is cleaned and the sample is usedimmediately.6.4.3.1 Cleaning Before UseHalf fill the container with acetone.Alternatively, a mixture of equal volumes of acetone, toluene,and isopropanol may be used. Replace closu
