1、Designation: D4306 15 An American National StandardStandard Practice forAviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by TraceContamination1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4306; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.
3、1 This practice2covers the types of and preparation ofcontainers found most suitable for the handling of aviation fuelsamples for the determination of critical properties affected bytrace contamination.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are
4、 included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations pr
5、ior to use. For specificwarning statements, see 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, and 5.6.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviationand Distillate FuelsD3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Char-acteristics ofAviation Turbine Fuels by Portabl
6、e Separom-eterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of LiquidHydrocarbons by Precision MeterD5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Avia-tion Fuels by Laboratory Filtration2.2 SAE Standard:4MAP1794 Aircraft Recom
7、mended Practice, Ball-On-Cylinder (Boc) Aircraft Turbine Fuel Lubricity Tester3. Significance and Use3.1 General descriptions for the manual sampling of petro-leum products are given in Practice D4057. However, anumber of aviation fuel properties are established or affectedby trace levels of polar o
8、r other compounds. Measurementsignificance therefore requires that the sample containers notadd or adsorb any materials. This practice presents types andpreparations of sampling containers found satisfactory for thedetermination of water separation, copper corrosion, electricalconductivity, thermal
9、stability, lubricity, and trace metal con-tent. An approval procedure for new containers is also given.3.2 Two properties, particulate contamination and free watercontent, involve materials easily removed by any samplingcontainer. These properties should be determined by placingthe sample directly i
10、nto the measuring apparatus and not usingcontainers to transport the sample to the measuring equipment.3.3 Recommendations in this practice provide guidance forimmediate use and for storage of samples. Immediate useinvolves sample storage for periods less than 24 h.4. Apparatus4.1 Sampling Container
11、s:4.1.1 Epoxy-Coated Containers:4.1.1.1 While generally superior to other coatings, certainepoxy-coatings evolve plasticizers which can adversely affectcritical fuel properties. Because no specification is known todescribe a satisfactory epoxy-coating, 6.2 lists an approvalprocedure which can be use
12、d to identify a satisfactory coating.4.1.1.2 For initial qualification of new container sources,coated cans should be examined closely to assure that thecoating covers all inside surfaces. If not, the cans should beconsidered the same as tin-plated, soldered side seam cans.4.1.1.3 Epoxy-coated cans
13、are generally considered satis-factory for sampling aviation gasoline.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.J0.04 on Additives and Electrical Properties.Current edition a
14、pproved Oct. 1, 2015. Published October 2015. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved 2013 as D4306 13. DOI:10.1520/D4306-15.2The detailed data on which this practice is based may be found in SAE PracticeMAP1794 and three research reports. Supporting data have been filed at ASTMIn
15、ternational Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research ReportsRR:D02-1169, RR:D02-1142, and RR:D02-1504.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to
16、 the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Bo
17、x C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.1.2 Borosilicate (Hard) Glass BottlesAmber colored orbottles covered with an opaque material such as aluminum foilare preferred to avoid possible reactions with sunlight.4.1.3 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) BottlesBlack,carbon-filled bottles
18、avoid possible reactions with sunlight.4.1.4 Polyethylene Bottles, high-density, linear.4.1.5 Steel Cans, tin-plated, soldered side seam.4.1.6 Soda Lime (Soft) Glass Bottles.4.2 Closures:4.2.1 Closures with a metallic inside surface are preferred.Closures with the same inside surfaces as suitable co
19、ntainers orPTFE are also suitable.4.2.2 Where required by shipping regulations such as DOT17C or 17E the closure should also include a metallic shippingseal.NOTE 1The use of improper or uncleaned closures or shipping sealswill destroy all precautions used in selecting and preparing containers. Theus
20、e of properly selected and cleaned closures or seals is essential.5. Reagents and Materials5.1 Acetone, CP Grade (WarningExtremely flammable.Vapors may cause flash fire). (See Note 2).5.2 Toluene, CP Grade (WarningExtremely flammable.Vapors may cause flash fire). (See Note 2). When used to cleancont
21、ainers for conductivity, measure toluene conductivity ac-cording to Test Method D2624 or D4308 and use only ifconductivity is less than 20 pS/m.5.3 Isopropanol, CP Grade (WarningExtremely flam-mable. Vapors may cause flash fire). (See Note 2).5.4 Heptane, CP Grade (WarningExtremely flammable.Vapors
22、may cause flash fire). (See Note 2).NOTE 2Because these solvents are available at various purity levels,the use of CP grade is required to eliminates possible problems withresidual impurities.5.5 Detergent, heavy duty, water soluble, laboratory type.5.6 Jet A or Jet A-1, used as reference fluid. (Wa
23、rningCombustible. Vapor harmful).5.6.1 Reference fluid for approval testing with Jet A or JetA-1 fuel is prepared in accordance with Test Method D3948,Appendix X1 on Preparation of Reference Fluid Base, andshould have an electrical conductivity of 0.1 to 1.0 by TestMethod D4308 (or give a reading of
24、 less than 1 according toTest Method D2624) and an MSEP rating of 98-100 by TestMethod D3948.5.6.2 Compressed Air, clean, dry, oil free and filtered, maybe used to expedite air drying.6. Preparation of Apparatus6.1 Introduction:6.1.1 Experience indicates no single container type to meetsall desired
25、requirements including size and cost. Certaincontainer types have been found suitable for some test methodsbut not for others. Some containers are adequate if the samplesare used immediately but are not suitable for sample storage.The procedure therefore designates the containers to be usedfor each
26、test procedure and describes prior cleaning, if any. Asummary of the procedures is found in Table 1. The detailedprocedures follow below. However, the possibility that a fuelmay contain an unusual contaminant, making a normallysatisfactory container unsuitable should not be overlooked.6.1.2 The larg
27、est sample meeting shipping rules, costs,availability, and other practical considerations should alwaysbe used to minimize surface effects.6.1.3 It is not possible to describe some of the containermaterials by standard specifications or by suitable genericdescriptions. Therefore, an approval procedu
28、re is outlined in6.2.6.1.4 Other sampling details such as sampling taps,labelling, shipping instructions, and so forth will be found inPractice D4057.6.2 Approval Procedure (Stored Samples):6.2.1 If internally coated the new container should beexamined visually for coating integrity in accordance wi
29、th4.1.1.2 and closure suitability in accordance with 4.2.1.6.2.2 Containers should be flushed three times with thecontainer 10 % to 20 % filled with trisolvent (equal volumes of5.1, 5.2, and 5.3), then three times with heptane. For each flush,the container should be closed and shaken for 1 min and t
30、hesolvent replaced for the next flush. After the last flush isdrained, the container should be air-dried.6.2.3 Reference fuel as indicated in 5.6 should be used fortesting.6.2.4 The containers should be filled with reference JetA, orA-1, closed, and stored for at least one month at roomtemperature.
31、During this period the samples should be shakenstrongly at least once a week. At the end of storage the sampleshould be tested for electrical conductivity and water separa-tion. The final electrical conductivity should be no more than2 pS m greater than the original value. The water separationrating
32、 should decrease by no more than three MSEP units.6.2.5 Supplemental testing is necessary if the fuel normallycontains additives such as conductivity improvers which maybe desorbed. In that case a large additive-containing samplewhich has been stored for a month or longer to equilibrateadditive cont
33、ent should be used as the test fuel. Such fuelshould have a conductivity above 50 pS/m if the additive isconductivity improver additive; and the MSEP value shouldalso be determined.After similar storage for at least one month,the final electrical conductivity should not change more thanthe repeatabi
34、lity limits of Test Method D2624 or D4308,whichever method is used to rate the fuel. The final MSEPrating should be within the repeatability limits for the initiallyobtained value.6.2.6 The large container fuel sample should preferably beretained in its original container as a reference sample durin
35、gthe storage interval, and retested to determine whether acorrection, equal to any change in the reference material,should be applied. Similar testing can be applied for otheradditives and properties.6.3 Approval Procedure (Immediate Use):6.3.1 All containers found suitable for storage are suitablef
36、or immediate use. The following procedure applies to circum-stances where fuel samples will not be retained for longer than24 h, preferably for shorter times.D4306 1526.3.2 The approval procedure is identical to that for storageexcept that the elapsed time interval between filling containersand test
37、ing should be not less than 24 h.NOTE 3Effects due to containers are sometimes variable depending onfuel sample properties especially if additives are present. Evaluations withseveral fuels or fuel types are helpful to verify conclusions.6.4 Containers for Thermal Stability Testing:6.4.1 Epoxy-lined
38、 containers in accordance with 4.1.1 arepreferred for immediate testing or sample storage. New con-tainers should be flushed in accordance with 6.4.1.2.6.4.1.1 Used containers should be flushed three times withthe container 10 % to 20 % filled with trisolvent (6.2.2)orheptane. For each flush the con
39、tainer should be closed andshaken for 1 min and the solvent replaced for the next flush.After the last flush is drained, the container should be air dried.6.4.1.2 If the same fuel type containing the same additives isto be resampled, flushing with the product to be sampled isconsidered adequate prep
40、aration. Flushing shall be conductedimmediately prior to sample collection and consists of flushingthe container 3 times with the sample being collected. For eachflush, the container should be 10 to 20 % filled with newsample, closed, and shaken for a minimum of 5 s and the fuelreplaced for the next
41、 flush. After the last flush is drained, thecontainer may be filled (allowing safe ullage) for transport tothe laboratory for testing.6.4.2 New borosilicate glass bottles are satisfactory forimmediate use if cleaned by rinsing with water, acetone, andair drying. Amber bottles are preferred. Clear bo
42、ttles must beshielded from light by wrapping with aluminum foil orenclosure in a dark box or cabinet.6.4.2.1 Follow the instruction in 6.4.1.1 or 6.4.1.2 forreusing borosilicate bottles. Alternately, borosilicate glassbottles can be similarly flushed in accordance with 6.4.1.2provided the same fuel
43、type containing the same additives is tobe resampled.6.4.3 New tin-plated cans with soldered side seams shouldonly be used if the container is cleaned and the sample is usedimmediately.6.4.3.1 Cleaning Before UseHalf fill the container withacetone. Alternatively, a mixture of equal volumes of aceton
44、e,toluene, and isopropanol may be used. Replace closure andshake vigorously for 1 min. Drain the solvent and air dry. Fillthe container about14 full with heptane, replace closure andrepeat shaking, draining the solvent and air drying the con-tainer.NOTE 4Soldered cans often contain residues of solde
45、ring flux orroll-oils on inside surfaces. These materials may have low solubility inhydrocarbons but even at trace levels will adversely affect the propertiesdiscussed in this practice. The difficulties of completely removing thesecontaminants make the use of epoxy-lined containers preferable.TABLE
46、1 Summary of Container RecommendationsAType of Analysis:ThermalStabilityBMSEPElectricalConductivityBLubricityTraceMetalsCopperCorrosionBParticulateSection 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10Hard borosilicate glassImmediate use S PCPSDNRESNEStorage NEFPPSNRSNReuse S S P S NR S NESoft soda lime glass (washed
47、)Immediate use NE S S NE NR NE NEStorage NR NR NR NR NR NE NEReuse NR S S NR NR NR NEAluminum containersImmediate use NR NR NR NR NR NR NEStorage NR NR NR NR NR NR NEReuse NR NR NR NR NR NR NEEpoxy-lined steelImmediate use P P P P NR S PStorage P P P P NR S PReuse P P P P NR S PPolytetrafluoroethyle
48、neImmediate use NE S NR NR P S NEStorage NE NE NR NR P S NEReuse NE NE NR NR P S NETin-plate soldered steel(Superclean only)Immediate use S S S S NR NR NEStorage NR NR NR NR NR NR NEReuse NR NR NR NR NR NR NEHigh-density linear polyethyleneImmediate use NR S NR NR P S NEStorage NR NR NR NR P S NEReu
49、se NR NR NR NR P S NEAThe containers listed in this summary should not be used without consulting the appropriate paragraphs of this practice for detailed advice.BAll transparent or translucent containers must be shielded from light by wrapping with opaque material such as aluminum foil, or enclosure in a dark box or cabinet.Amberbottles reduce photochemical effects.CP = preferred.DS = suitable.ENR = not recommended.FNE = not evaluated but may be suitable.D4306 1536.4.4 PTFE bottles have not been evaluated but should besatisfactory after cleaning with heptane in acc
