1、Designation: D4317 16Standard Specification forPolyvinyl Acetate-Based Emulsion Adhesives1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4317; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThis specification is a replacement for Federal Specif
3、ication MMM-A-180C, Class B, August 6,1979, Adhesive, Vinyl Acetate Resin Emulsion, which superseded MMM-A-193C, October 26, 1967.It has been expanded to include the more water-resistant polyvinyl acetate-based adhesives now on themarket, in addition to the less water-resistant ones formerly covered
4、 by the Federal Specification.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers polyvinyl acetate or polyvinylacetate copolymer resin emulsion adhesives suitable for use onwood, wood-based substrates, or plastic laminates. It does notcover the group of polyvinyl-based adhesives which aresuitable for bonding fl
5、exible films.1.2 The adhesives are classified at three performance levelsin accordance with water-resistance as shown in Table 1 andTable 2. See Section 5 for a description of the expectedexposure conditions for each class of adhesive. See Table X1.1for a classification of typical end products that
6、are manufac-tured using adhesives at the three performance levels coveredby this specification.1.3 The following index is provided as a guide to the testmethods portion of this specification:SectionTests for Physical Properties 9Viscosity 9.1.1Density 9.1.2Nonvolatiles 9.1.3pH 9.1.4Tests for Adhesiv
7、e Bond 10Block Shear Strength, Compression 10.2Plywood Shear Tests 10.31.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parenthesis are for informationpurposes only.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Sections 9 and
8、 10, of this specification:This standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to
9、use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D905 Test Method for Strength Properties of AdhesiveBonds in Shear by Compression LoadingD906 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives inPlywood Type Construction in Shear by Tension LoadingD907 Terminology of AdhesivesD1084 Test Methods for Vis
10、cosity of AdhesivesD1490 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Urea-Formaldehyde Resin SolutionsD1875 Test Method for Density of Adhesives in Fluid FormD2556 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of AdhesivesHaving Shear-Rate-Dependent Flow Properties Using Ro-tational ViscometryE4 Practices for Force
11、 Verification of Testing MachinesE70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With theGlass ElectrodeE1953 Practice for Description of Thermal Analysis andRheology Apparatus1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
12、 D14.30 on WoodAdhesives.Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D4317 98 (2011).DOI: 10.1520/D4317-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serv
13、ice.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United St
14、ates12.2 Federal Standards:Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)3PPP-C-96 Cans, Metal, 28-Gauge and Lighter3PPP-D-723 Drums, Fiber3PPP-D-729 Drums, Shipping and Storage, Steel, 55 gal(208 L)32.3 Military Standard:MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage33. Terminology3.1 Defini
15、tions:3.1.1 Many terms in this specification are defined in Termi-nology D907.3.1.2 emulsion, na two-phase liquid system in whichsmall droplets of one liquid (the internal phase) are immisciblein, and are dispersed uniformly throughout, a second continu-ous liquid phase (the external phase).3.1.2.1
16、DiscussionThe internal phase is sometimes de-scribed as the disperse phase.3.1.3 latex, na stable dispersion of polymeric substance inan essentially aqueous medium.3.1.4 polyvinyl acetate emulsion adhesive, na latex adhe-sive in which the polymeric portion comprises polyvinylacetate, copolymers base
17、d mainly on polyvinyl acetate, or amixture of these, and which may contain modifiers andsecondary binders to provide specific properties.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 adhesive designation, nan adhesive that is manufac-tured by a unique combination of raw materials and proc
18、ess,that conforms to a given set of physical and performanceproperties, and is identified by a specific name, number, oralphanumeric designation.3.2.2 lot, nadhesive manufactured at one place from thesame batch or blend of raw materials subjected to the sameoperation and conditions.3.2.3 assembly, n
19、See adhesive assembly in TerminologyD907.NOTE 1In this specification, the maple block lamination in TestMethod D905 and the birch plywood construction in Test Method D906are described as assemblies.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specification addresses the need for a set of testingprocedures that d
20、emonstrates the difference in physical prop-erties and in adhesive bonding properties among the manyavailable polyvinyl acetate-based adhesives. Because of thediverse nature of the end products bonded with theseadhesives, testing in compliance with this specification canonly evaluate the adhesive te
21、sted under a given set of condi-tions. The physical properties of the adhesive are tested andincluded in the report in order to give information on certainhandling and working properties. The adhesive bonding prop-erties are measured by tests performed on maple block speci-mens and birch plywood spe
22、cimens, prepared and tested inaccordance with Test Methods D905 and D906, respectively.The test requirements are based on knowledge within theindustry of values which may be expected. Test Methods D905and D906 have a long history of use as a basis for manyspecifications.4.2 This specification does n
23、ot describe the end-use prod-ucts for which each class of adhesive is acceptable, but it doesdescribe the general exposure conditions for which each classwill perform in a satisfactory manner. See Appendix X1.5. Classification of Adhesive Performance5.1 For purposes of this specification, adhesives
24、are classi-fied on the basis of water resistance at three performancelevels, wet-use, intermediate use, and dry-use:5.1.1 Type 1, Wet UseAn adhesive passing Type 1 testrequirements as given in Table 1 and Table 2, and having3Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,Philad
25、elphia, PA 19111-5094, http:/quicksearch.dla.mil.TABLE 1 Test RequirementsTest Section NumberTest Requirement,min, psi (kPa)Required TestsType 1 Type 2 Type 3Block shear (compression) dry at 75F (24C) 10.2 2800 (19 306) X X XPlywood (tension):dry at 75F (24C) 10.3.3.1 400 (2758) X X Xdry at 160F (71
26、.1C) 10.3.3.2 or 10.3.3.3 250A(1724) X X XTwo-cycle boil 10.3.3.4 see Table 2 X48-h soak 10.3.3.5 250 (1724) X XHumidity exposure 10.3.3.6 250A(1724) XFreeze-thaw stability 10.3.3.7BoptionalBoptionalBoptionalBStorage life 10.3.3.8CXCXCXCAOr 40 % of dry value at 75F (24C), whichever is larger.BTestin
27、g and certification for freeze-thaw stability is optional. To classify a test adhesive as freeze-thaw stable, test an initial lot of the adhesive brand in accordance with6.2 and 10.3.3.7.CTesting of an initial lot of the adhesive brand in accordance with 6.3 and 10.3.3.8 is required.TABLE 2 Test Req
28、uirements (Continued)Average Failing Load, psi(kPa)AType I Test Requirement Two-Cycle Boil(10.3.3.4) (Minimum Wood Failure, %)Average of AllSpecimensIndividualSpecimenUnder 250 (1724) 50 25250 to 350 (1724 to 2413) 30 10Above 350 (2143) 15 10ASee Table 9 in Interim Voluntary Product Standard for Har
29、dwood and DecorativePlywood, HP-1, 1993.D4317 162high-water resistance, capable of producing sufficientadhesive-joint strength and durability to make the bondedproduct serviceable under conditions in which the equilibriummoisture content (EMC) of the wood may be 16 % to amaximum of 21 % for short pe
30、riods of time, and where thetemperature may reach levels as high as 71C (160F) (attimes) during service. This adhesive will withstand mostoutdoor conditions, such as repeated soakings. It is not,however, suitable for marine conditions where immersionwould be continual. As tested in this specificatio
31、n, a Type 1adhesive is water-resistant, but not necessarily waterproof.5.1.2 Type 2, Intermediate UseAn adhesive passing Type2 test requirements as given in Table 1, and having goodwater-resistance, capable of producing sufficient adhesive-jointstrength and durability to make the bonded products ser
32、vice-able under interior or protected conditions in which there willbe occasional intermittent exposure to wet conditions or highhumidity and where the temperature may reach levels as highas 71C (160F) (at times) during service.5.1.3 Type 3, Dry UseAn adhesive passing Type 3 testrequirements as give
33、n in Table 1, and capable of producingsufficient adhesive-joint strength and durability to make thebonded lumber product serviceable under normal interiorservice conditions where the relative humidity is not high anddoes not fluctuate between wide limits, and where the tempera-ture may reach levels
34、as high as 71.1C (160F).6. Test Requirements6.1 To meet the requirements of this specification, subjectthe test adhesive to the tests in Section 9, and make the resultsof these tests a part of the report. In addition, the adhesive is tomeet the requirements of the tests described in Section 10 andli
35、sted in Table 1 and Table 2, for the adhesive classification forwhich it is to be certified.6.2 Testing for freeze-thaw stability is optional. In order tocertify that an adhesive brand meets the requirements forfreeze-thaw stability, test an initial lot in accordance with10.3.3.7. All test requireme
36、nts shall be passed for the appli-cable adhesive classification. Following this initial test, certi-fication for this requirement may be based on submission of themanufacturers certification.6.3 To meet the storage life requirements, test an initial lotof the adhesive brand in accordance with 10.3.3
37、.8. All testrequirements shall be passed for the applicable adhesiveclassification. Following this initial test, certification for thisrequirement may be based on submission of the manufacturerscertification.7. Retest and Rejection7.1 When a specimen fails at a load less than that specified,the fail
38、ure taking place 50 % or more in the wood, disregardthat specimen in computing the average. If more than one thirdof the test specimens for any one test condition are discardedfor this reason, repeat the test.7.2 If the results of any initial test do not conform to therequirements prescribed in this
39、 specification, repeat that test onan additional set of specimens made from the same lot ofadhesive, each of which conforms to the requirements speci-fied. If this set of specimens fails to meet the requirements,reject the lot.8. Sampling8.1 Take a 2-L (2-qt) sample of adhesive that is representa-ti
40、ve of the lot to be tested. Place 1 L qt of the adhesive in awide-mouth, glass, 1-L (1-qt) container and seal tightly. Usefor all tests with the exception of freeze-thaw stability(10.3.3.7), and storage life (10.3.3.8). For the initial test only,to provide samples for testing these two properties, d
41、ivide thesecond quart 1-L (1-qt) equally and use half for freeze-thawstability and half for storage life. See 10.3.3.7 and 10.3.3.8 forinstructions.9. Tests for Physical Properties9.1 Test the properties of the adhesives by the followingmethods and report the values.9.1.1 Viscosity:9.1.1.1 Bring the
42、 adhesive sample to 25 6 0.5C (77 6 1F)and hold at this temperature during the viscosity reading. Testin accordance with Test Methods D1084, Method B, except for(1) temperature requirement, and (2) addition of concentriccylinder rotational viscometers (see section 5.6 of PracticeE1953) with torque c
43、onstants of 60 to 80 N-m, 8 rotationalspeeds between 0.5 and 60 r/min stable to within 1 %, and aright circular cylinder spindle to the list of acceptable viscom-eters in 6.1 of Test Methods D1084.9.1.1.2 For adhesives requiring the addition of a catalyst,take two viscosity measurements of the test
44、adhesive (1) beforethe addition of the catalyst, and (2) after the addition of thecatalyst. Test in accordance with 9.1.1.1.NOTE 2Other temperatures may be used upon agreement between thecontracting parties, but the 60.5C (61F) tolerance must be observed.NOTE 3Upon agreement between the contracting
45、parties viscositymay be tested and reported in accordance with Test Method D2556, usingthe concentric cylinder rotational viscometer specified in Test MethodsD1084, Method B.9.1.2 DensityMeasure the density of the adhesive inaccordance with Test Method D1875 and report as weight pergallon in pounds.
46、9.1.3 NonvolatilesDetermine the nonvolatile content ofthe adhesive in accordance with Test Method D1490.9.1.3.1 For adhesives requiring the addition of a catalyst,measure the nonvolatiles of the adhesive without catalyst.NOTE 4Test Method D1490 covers the determination of the nonvola-tile content of
47、 urea-formaldehyde resin; however, the procedure given isapplicable to polyvinyl acetate adhesives.9.1.4 pHBring the adhesive to 25 6 0.5C (77 6 1F) anddetermine the pH in accordance with Test Method E70.10. Tests for Adhesive Bond10.1 For all tests, select equipment that complies withPractices E4.1
48、0.2 Block Shear Strength (Compression):10.2.1 Prepare the test specimens in accordance with TestMethod D905, using the adhesive manufacturers instructionsfor conditions and procedures for preparing the adhesive,D4317 163applying it to the stock, and for assembling, pressing, andcuring the joint. Use
49、 a two-week curing period unless other-wise instructed by the adhesive manufacturer.10.2.2 Number of Test SpecimensTest 20 test specimensrepresenting at least four joints.10.2.3 Cured (Dry) TestFollowing the prescribed condi-tioning period for the assembly being tested, bring one testgroup of 20 test specimens to 8 6 1 % moisture content (MC)and test in accordance with Test Method D905. Apply the loadthrough a self-aligning seat to ensure uniform lateral distribu-tion of the load, except apply the load with a continuousmotion of the mova
